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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

CCE CPCE Exam Questions

Page 1 of 25

1.

Which tends to have a smaller sample size; qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research?

  • Qualitative research

  • Quantitative research

  • There is generally no difference in sample sizes

  • Mixed-methods research

Correct answer: Qualitative research 

The detailed statistical analyses necessary for quantitative research tend to necessitate large sample sizes in order to arrive at statistically significant findings. This is also true of mixed-methods research, which includes elements of both quantitative and qualitative research. 

Qualitative research, on the other hand, does not necessarily call for large sample size, as its method is more descriptive than statistical. 

2.

How is parallel form reliability derived?

  • Administering two types of a test to the same individuals

  • Administering multiple types of a test to different individuals 

  • Administering one type of a test to different individuals

  • Administering two types of a test to different individuals

Correct answer: Administering two types of a test to the same individuals 

Parallel forms reliability is derived by administering two different types of a test to the same individuals. The individuals must be the same, as the measure of reliability attempts to assess variability in item response; this assessment would be invalidated if different people took the same test. Similarly, parallel forms reliability studies two versions of a test, not multiple types. Overall, parallel forms reliability attempts to increase the reliability of the test system. 

3.

Which of the following is true about feedback in group modalities?

  • Appropriate feedback is a skill that must be taught

  • Most people intuitively understand how to use feedback

  • Feedback is to be avoided for the most part in group modalities

  • Feedback should be as blunt and honest as possible in group modalities

Correct answer: Appropriate feedback is a skill that must be taught 

Every treatment group develops its own personality based on the presence and input of the participants; however, the giving and receiving of appropriate feedback is a skill that must be taught so that everyone in the group modality understands the expectation of how feedback is to be handled. 

Feedback can be extremely useful to participants and even the group facilitator if it is appropriate. This may call for variable styles, depending on the nature of the group and many other factors.

4.

Which of the following most accurately describes the goal of DBT? 

  • Skill development 

  • Catharsis 

  • Therapeutic insight 

Correct answer: Skill development 

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a methodology that, while therapeutic, does not aim at the typical and expected gains of traditional therapy, such as catharsis or therapeutic insight. 

DBT is essentially about skill building so that the person undergoing DBT develops a way to address crisis, uncontrollable affective states, and impulsive/reactive emotionality with concrete and effective personal means.

5.

Which of the following is generally the focus of family therapy?

  • Patterns of interaction

  • Individual psychopathology

  • Identification of resources

Correct answer: Patterns of interaction 

Family therapy can take many forms, but, overall, the focus of the discipline is the interaction between family members within the family systems. 

As a systems-focused discipline, family therapy may address individual psychopathology of a given member or seek to bring resources into the system when needed; however, as the family is the unit being addressed in therapy, the focus is on the patterns of behavior between members that can be recognized and potentially altered.

6.

How is work adjustment theory different from other theories of career development?

  • It is concerned with job performance

  • It is concerned with psychopathology

  • It is concerned with aptitude

Correct answer: It is concerned with job performance 

There are many theories of career development, each with a theoretical basis and emphasis. Work adjustment differs from most other such theories in that it is explicitly concerned with job performance, with key elements of the theory being evaluative from the employer's point of view. 

Most theories of career development do not address psychopathology per se, but many address aptitude.

7.

According to research, which of the following is the major concern regarding diversity in crisis counseling?

  • Imposition of values

  • Lack of crisis recognition

  • Communication difficulty

Correct answer: Imposition of values 

According to Myer (2001), the major concern in multicultural crisis counseling is the imposition of counselor values on clients. This might result in a lack of open and frank communication, which is essential in this phase of treatment. 

Though communication difficulties are significant to crisis counseling, and it is possible for a lack of cultural awareness to affect the recognition of what a crisis is to a given population, staying value-neutral and focused on the concrete tasks of crisis counseling is a more pressing concern.

8.

Which of the following is true about the development of cultural identity?

  • Individuals have multiple, interrelated cultural identities

  • Individuals have one predominant cultural identity

  • Individuals radically change cultural identity throughout the lifespan

Correct answer: Individuals have multiple, interrelated cultural identities 

The issue of cultural identity is a highly complex one, owing to the fact that individuals have multiple, interrelated cultural identities. 

As culture can be a function of nationality, ethnicity, workplace, family, and many other factors, we would not expect for individuals to have only one such identity. However, this is not to say that individuals radically change their cultural identity throughout the lifespan; it tends to be a stable construct at its core, with some shifting elements. 

9.

Which of the following is the best determinant of client suicide? 

  • There is no reliable determinant of client suicide

  • Self-harming gestures and vocalizations

  • Past history of suicide attempts

Correct answer: There is no reliable determinant of client suicide 

Though it is true that many clients who attempt or complete suicide seem to give signs of various kinds to others prior to their attempt, there is no single, reliable determinant of when or if a client will do so. Many clients give no warning signs at all, some clients attempt or complete suicide after long contemplation and many indications, and others do so by sheer mistake when they meant only to express their emotions through self-harm. 

There is no way to really predict client suicide; the best a counselor can do is monitor appropriately, be aware of possible signs, and be ready to take the steps necessary to preserve the patient's life.

10.

Which of the following best describes a normal distribution in statistics? 

  • A bell shape

  • A slope trending up to the right 

  • A slope trending down to the right 

Correct answer: A bell shape

In what is usually referred to as a normal distribution, a set of statistical data forms a bell-shaped curve, with many data points in the middle and fewer on either side. 

A slope trending up or down represents a skewed distribution, or a heavier distribution on one side of the graph. 

11.

What is collaborative empiricism in group work?

  • The practice of examining assumptions as a team

  • The practice of suggesting behavioral interventions

  • The practice of group coping

  • The practice of situational analysis

Correct answer: The practice of examining assumptions as a team 

Collaborative empiricism is usually a part of group cognitive therapy. Just as in individual cognitive therapy, assumptions about self, thought, environment, and other issues are challenged with a view toward changing them to be more accurate, the group process uses the team to do what the therapist and client would do in the context of individual therapy. The goal is to scientifically examine false or distorted beliefs and challenge them. 

The process does not involve behavioral interventions outside of cognitive interventions, and is not limited to coping or situational analysis.

12.

What is a heritability index?

  • The proportion of variance due to genetic differences

  • A database of genetic linkages

  • An overall estimate of genetic diathesis

Correct answer: The proportion of variance due to genetic differences 

A heritability index is a technical term used to describe the proportion of variance due to genetic differences; in other words, how much of a given trait's proportion is due to genetics. For instance, it appears that .50 of intelligence is due to genetic factors. 

A heritability index does not describe genetic linkages in database form, nor does it provide an overall estimate of genetic diathesis for one condition or another; it is a highly specific assessment of the heritability of traits.

13.

What, if anything, is the explicit diversity consideration of the ACA with respect to research design?

  • To minimize bias

  • There is no such explicit consideration

  • To recruit more representational samples

Correct answer: To minimize bias 

The ACA provides some explicit guidance with respect to research design, in that it suggests that research design should minimize bias and respect diversity in the design and implementation of research (ACA, 2014). 

It does not explicitly offer guidance about sampling but does offer the stated guidance as a broad directive with respect to research design and implementation that attempts to respect issues of diversity.

14.

To what degree is self-injury a precursor of suicide?

  • It may or may not be related

  • Self-injury is generally a precursor to a suicide attempt

  • Self-injury is unrelated to suicide

Correct answer: It may or may not be related 

The relationship of self-injury to suicide is complex. On the one hand, any self-harm is of major concern, whether it is related to suicide or not; on the other, self-harm can be used in the context of pathological personality for purposes other than ending one's life. 

In any individual case, self-harm may or may not be related to actual suicidal intent; the best way forward in such cases is to carefully address every such instance with the client and perform appropriate check-ins with such clients to ensure their safety.

15.

What is the "Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress"?

  • An appendix to the DSM-5

  • An assessment tool published by the ACA

  • A reference work for psychologists

  • An advocacy document authored by the NASW

Correct answer: An appendix to the DSM-5

There are a variety of mental health diagnoses and indices of distress that seem culture-bound. Acknowledging that clinicians should be armed with the best information to provide culturally relevant care, the DSM-5 now contains a section, the Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress, that describes unique cultural factors and means of expression of mental disorders. 

The Glossary is intended for any practitioner using the DSM-5 and is not a product of the ACA or NASW.

16.

How is practice-based evidence gathered?

  • Directly from participants in counseling

  • From peer-reviewed articles

  • From conferences and public events

  • From books by experts in counseling

Correct answer: Directly from participants in counseling 

As opposed to evidence-based practice, which is a perspective that suggests that no treatment takes place without a firm grounding in the body of research literature, practice-based evidence solicits feedback directly from participants in counseling settings. In this way, a practitioner can know what works and what does not on a micro level. 

The evidence-based practice approach would be more supported by peer-reviewed articles, conferences, and books on counseling.

17.

Are researchers obligated to include acknowledgments to those who did not directly contribute to the research? 

  • Yes, in many circumstances

  • No, unless desired by the previous author

  • Yes, in every circumstance

  • No, in no circumstances

Correct answer: Yes, in many circumstances 

There are a host of ethical mandates that attend research. Some of these are related to research practice itself, or procedures related to confidentiality and informed consent. A lesser-known ethical requirement is that, when publication is being considered, the author of the research must give acknowledgment to previous researchers who have contributed significantly to their work. The desire of the previous author is immaterial in this respect.

18.

Which of the following assessments would be least likely to be used as an index of program effectiveness?

  • MMPI-2

  • Quality of Life Inventory 

  • Client Satisfaction Questionnaire 8

Correct answer: MMPI-2

Increasingly, community mental health settings are being asked to prove their effectiveness. With dollars for services under ever higher scrutiny and competition, mental health programs are at pains to demonstrate that they are delivering an important service to the community. Some standardized tests are used, in an aggregate form, as outcome data. Though of tremendous use as a personal diagnostic, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) does not narrate personal change very well, so it would be a poor choice in this regard. The Quality of Life Inventory and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire 8 seem better choices for relating outcomes. 

19.

Which of the following instruments is a semistructured interview?

  • Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5)

  • Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCM-III)

  • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)

Correct answer: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5)

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) is a semistructured interview, meaning that responses can be more open-ended than in a more rigidly structured assessment. It is meant to help clinicians arrive at a more informed diagnosis.

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCM-III) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) are both also helpful in diagnosis, but neither is considered a semistructured interview; they are administered questionnaires.

20.

Which of the following is the guidance of the ACA on confidentiality in research?

  • Research participant names are not used

  • Research participant names can be used

  • Research assistant names are not used

Correct answer: Research participant names are not used 

The ACA provides guidance for those conducting research on confidentiality, with the end in mind of preserving the privacy of any research participants. One such item of guidance is that research participant names are not used or linked to the data of the patient within the scope of the research. If a client's account of events in an anecdote is used, for example, the client's name is masked or fabricated. 

The names of research assistants, on the other hand, would be expected to appear in published matter. 

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