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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ACSM-CEP Exam Questions

Page 4 of 25

61.

Body mass index is calculated by dividing a patient's weight by their height squared. Which of the following is true about the relationship of BMI to a patient's height?

  • BMI and height are inversely related

  • BMI and height are directly related

  • BMI and height have no relationship

  • This question cannot be answered based on the information provided

Correct answer: BMI and height are inversely related

As height increases, BMI decreases. Therefore, BMI and height are considered to be inversely related. On the other hand, weight and BMI are directly related: as weight increases, BMI increases.

62.

A patient asks his CEP how much weight he would need to lose to be considered a normal weight based on his BMI. Determine the answer to this patient's question based on the information below:

  • Height: 1.9 m
  • Weight: 109 kg

  • Roughly 19 kg or 42 pounds

  • Roughly 10 kg or 22 pounds

  • Roughly 14 kg or 31 pounds

  • The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

Correct answer: Roughly 19 kg or 42 pounds

This patient has a BMI of 30.2 kg/m^2. This places him in the obese category, based on his BMI. In order to fall into the "normal" BMI range, this patient would need to achieve a BMI of 24.9 kg/m^2 or less. Therefore, the CEP needs only to multiply the patient's height by his desired BMI to determine how much he will need to weigh at the end of the process. From there, the patient's ideal weight needs to be subtracted from his current weight to determine how many pounds/kilograms he would need to lose.

BMI = kg/m^2

BMI (current) = 109 kg/1.9 m^2

BMI (current) = 30.2 kg/m^2

Highest "Normal" BMI = 24.9 kg/m^2

24.9 kg/m^2 = ? kg/1.9 m^2

? kg = 90 kg (ideal body weight)

Current body weight - Ideal body weight = Amount of weight he needs to lose

109 kg - 90 kg = 19 kg or 42 lbs

63.

A student is observing a CEP for a school project. The student asks the CEP what the terms concentric and eccentric mean. How could the CEP explain these motions and demonstrate how they apply to the bench press?

  • Concentric contractions refer to muscles shortening under tension, eccentric contractions refer to muscles lengthening under tension. The concentric phase of a bench press is when the weight is being pushed upward, the eccentric phase of a bench press is when the weight is being slowly lowered back to the starting position.

  • Concentric contractions refer to muscles lengthening under tension, eccentric contractions refer to muscles shortening under tension. The concentric phase of a bench press is when the weight is being pushed upward, the eccentric phase of a bench press is when the weight is being slowly lowered back to the starting position.

  • Concentric contractions are those in which a force is produced, but the joint angle doesn't change; eccentric contractions are small, corrective contractions that "fine-tune" movements. You can identify both of these types of contractions when a lifter holds the weight at the bottom of the range during a bench press for a 10 second count.

  • Concentric contractions are those that occur when the speed of the movement is kept constant with specialized equipment. Eccentric contractions are those that occur when a force is applied but the joint angle doesn't change. Neither of these terms can be applied to the bench press.

Correct answer: Concentric contractions refer to muscles shortening under tension, eccentric contractions refer to muscles lengthening under tension. The concentric phase of a bench press is when the weight is being pushed upward, the eccentric phase of a bench press is when the weight is being slowly lowered back to the starting position.

Concentric and eccentric contractions are the opposing phases of an isotonic exercise.

Isometric exercise involves force being produced without a change in joint angle. Isokinetic exercise involves speed being kept constant by specialized equipment while the lifter applies a force.

64.

Which of the following is the classic definition of Cerebral Palsy (CP)?

  • A disorder of movement and posture due to a defect or lesion of the immature brain

  • A disorder that causes limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior

  • A disorder caused by damage to the spinal cord

  • A disorder caused by the loss of a limb

Correct answer: A disorder of movement and posture due to a defect or lesion of the immature brain

Since this classic definition was introduced, the definition of CP has been updated to include limitations related to activity.

A disorder causing limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior most closely describes intellectual disability (ID). A disorder caused by damage to the spinal cord most closely relates to a spinal cord injury. A disorder caused by the loss of a limb most closely relates to an amputation.

65.

Which of the following is a major benefit of the six minute walk test?

  • It is applicable to real world scenarios

  • It works well for patients with very low and very high functional capacities

  • It provides a very accurate assessment of VO2max

  • It can highlight any heart rate and rhythm abnormalities

Correct answer: It is applicable to real world scenarios

The six minute walk test allows the patient to slow down whenever they start to feel fatigued or develop symptoms. This provides a good simulation of a real world scenario, as the patient sets the pace and takes note of their symptoms throughout the test.

The six minute walk test is not a good choice for patients who have functional capacities greater than three METs. The six minute walk test is not a good predictor of VO2max. Because the test is not progressive, the six minute walk test is not a good option for identifying heart rate and rhythm abnormalities.

66.

Which of the following is true of type I muscle fibers?

  • Type I muscle fibers are known as "slow-twitch" fibers and they are slow to fatigue

  • Type I muscle fibers are only found around the heart

  • Type I muscle fiber cross sectional area tends to decrease as we age

  • Type I muscle fibers produce "explosive" movements and tend to fatigue quickly

Correct answer: Type I muscle fibers are known as "slow-twitch" fibers and they are slow to fatigue

Type I muscle fibers are smaller, higher endurance fibers, as compared to type II fibers. 

Cardiac muscle is found around the heart. Type I muscle fiber cross sectional area seems to remain consistent throughout the life cycle (from 20 years old to 90 years old). Type II fibers produce explosive movements.

67.

A patient who has had low back pain for two and a half months is said to have which of the following types of low back pain?

  • Subacute

  • Acute

  • Chronic

  • Severe

Correct answer: Subacute

Pain that has lasted between two and three months is considered subacute.

Acute low back pain is considered pain that has lasted less than one month. Chronic low back pain is pain that has lasted longer than three months. "Severe" is a subjective description of pain and has nothing to do with the chronicity of said pain.

68.

Which of the following exercises would be an appropriate choice for a patient who has rounded shoulders and wants to improve her posture?

  • Seated rows with scapular retraction using a resistance band

  • Pushups on a wall

  • Standing hamstring stretch

  • Chest fly exercise with cables

Correct answer: Seated rows with scapular retraction using a resistance band

Rounded shoulders are typically associated with a posture that includes protracted scapulae. By performing exercises that encourage scapular retraction, the patient will be working toward her goal of correcting her posture.

Pushups on a wall would strengthen the pecs and triceps, but would not encourage better posture in a patient with rounded shoulders. A standing hamstring stretch would not directly encourage better posture in the patient's upper body. Chest flies would strengthen the pecs, but would not encourage better posture in a patient with rounded shoulders.

69.

Should a patient with pulmonary disease be referred for medical clearance before undergoing exercise testing?

  • No, patients with pulmonary disease are at low risk for cardiovascular complications caused by exercise

  • No, the CEP should always make a judgement call on whether or not to refer patients for medical clearance and are never at fault if they decide to proceed with testing a patient who experiences a cardiac event

  • Yes, patients with pulmonary disease are at high risk for cardiovascular complications caused by exercise

  • Yes, all patients with a diagnosed disease should be referred to a medical provider for clearance before conducting any exercise testing or beginning any exercise program

Correct answer: No, patients with pulmonary disease are at low risk for cardiovascular complications caused by exercise

New guidance suggests that patients with pulmonary disease do not require medical clearance prior to beginning an exercise program. If, however, they have other comorbidities that warrant a referral for medical clearance, the CEP should follow proper protocols and refer the patient prior to exercise testing.

CEPs should not make judgement calls when research and guidelines indicate that patients should be medically cleared before beginning testing. Patients with pulmonary disease are not at high risk for cardiovascular complications caused by exercise. Some diseases do not require medical clearance before initiating exercise testing.

70.

Which of the following statements is true regarding left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)?

  • LVH can occur as a normal response to very intense, chronic exercise

  • LVH indicates that the left ventricle is smaller than the right ventricle

  • LVH will lead to larger than normal P waves

  • LVH will lead to smaller than normal QRS complexes

Correct answer: LVH can occur as a normal response to very intense, chronic exercise 

While LVH is commonly pathological, it can occur as a normal response in elite athletes.

LVH indicates that the left ventricle is larger than the right ventricle (and larger than it normally would be in general). Atrial hypertrophy will lead to larger P waves.  LVH will lead to larger than normal QRS complexes.

71.

Which of the following is not a common sign of an eating disorder?

  • Cooking all one's meals at home instead of eating at restaurants

  • Weighing oneself after every meal

  • Periods of excessive food restriction and overeating

  • Riding an exercise bike every day until the point of nausea

Correct answer: Cooking all one's meals at home instead of eating at restaurants

Cooking at home is not a sign of disordered eating. Clients might prefer to cook meals at home for a variety of reasons, including finances, taste, and ingredient preferences.

Weighing oneself very often is a common sign of an eating disorder. Periods of excessive food restriction and overeating are some of the most common signs of eating disorders. Excessive exercise is a common sign of an eating disorder.

72.

Which of the following is true regarding cancer staging?

  • Stage 4 indicates that the cancer has spread to far away parts of the body

  • Stage 0 indicates that cancer is present and the tumor is of a moderate size

  • Stage 3 cancer has not yet spread to adjacent tissues

  • Stage 1 indicates that there is no cancer detected yet, but there are potentially precancerous cells present

Correct answer: Stage 4 indicates that the cancer has spread to far away parts of the body

Stage 4 cancer is the most serious stage of cancer and indicates that metastasis has taken place in even distant systems and tissues.

Stage 0 indicates that there are abnormal cells present, but no cancer has been detected as of yet. Stage 3 cancer indicates that the cancer has spread to adjacent tissues. Stage 1 cancer indicates that cancer is present, but that the tumor is small.

73.

Which of the following is most likely to lead to rhabdomyolisis?

  • Heavy eccentric exercise

  • One rep max testing

  • Isotonic exercise

  • Heavy isometric exercise

Correct answer: Heavy eccentric exercise

Eccentric exercise can cause extreme breakdown of muscle tissue, especially when the loads in question are more than can be lifted concentrically by the person in question. Rhabdomyolisis can result from this type of training and may lead to very serious health issues such as kidney problems. However, when used thoughtfully as part of a comprehensive exercise program, eccentric exercise can encourage hypertrophy.

74.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a "nonresponder to exercise"?

  • A patient who is unable to improve her mile time by more than three seconds after four months of dedicated, specific, progressive cardiovascular training

  • A patient who increases his bench press by 30 pounds in two months of training

  • A patient whose VO2max decreases after five weeks of training

  • A patient who demonstrates improved cardiovascular endurance after three months of training, but reports that he dislikes his exercise sessions more each time

Correct answer: A patient who is unable to improve her mile time by more than three seconds after four months of dedicated, specific, progressive cardiovascular training

Nonresponders to exercise are those that demonstrate very little improvement in endurance or strength, even with proper exercise prescription and consistent training.

A patient who increases his bench press by 30 pounds in two months of training is a responder to exercise. A patient whose VO2max decreases after five weeks of training is a negative responder to exercise. A patient who demonstrates improved cardiovascular endurance, but begins to dislike his exercise sessions is a responder to exercise, but may need to participate in some motivational interviewing or have his exercise program changed.

75.

Which of the following is true of Raynaud's disease?

  • Patients with Raynaud's disease can learn, through biofeedback techniques, how to increase the temperature of their extremities

  • Symptoms in patients with Raynaud's disease are typically brought on by exposure to hot air

  • Raynaud's disease is primarily a disease of the pulmonary system

  • Raynaud's disease is three times more common in men than in women

Correct answer: Patients with Raynaud's disease can learn, through biofeedback techniques, how to increase the temperature of their extremities

Both biofeedback and classical conditioning techniques have been successfully used to improve temperature control in the digits of patients with Raynaud's disease.

Symptoms of Raynaud's disease are usually brought on by exposure to cold air or by touching a cold object. Raynaud's disease is primarily a disease of the cardiovascular system. Raynaud's disease is almost five times more prevalent in women than in men.

76.

Which of the following is true regarding bone health and bone mineral density (BMD) in men and women?

  • Weight bearing exercise and high impact exercise can increase bone strength in both men and women

  • Most of the research on exercise and bone health has been conducted on male subjects

  • Bone strength is inversely related to muscle mass in both men and women

  • Men and women tend to have equal BMD on average

Correct answer: Weight bearing exercise and high impact exercise can increase bone strength in both men and women

It is important that the CEP includes bone-strengthening exercise for all clients throughout the life cycle. Increased bone strength can help to prevent osteoporosis and reduce the risk of fractures.

Most of the research on exercise and bone health has been conducted on women. Bone strength is positively associated with muscle mass. Women tend to have lower BMD than men, on average.

77.

How does a systemic steroid, such as prednisone, help patients suffering from respiratory disease?

  • By reducing inflammation

  • By eliminating bacteria

  • By reducing mucus viscosity

  • By creating more muscle mass, which can help to combat the disease process

Correct answer: By reducing inflammation

Steroids can have many effects on the body, but for the purposes of treating respiratory diseases, steroids act to blunt immune responses and decrease inflammation.

Antibiotics work to eliminate bacteria. Mucolytics act to reduce mucus viscosity.

78.

Which of the following terms refers to dead bodily tissue?

  • Necrosis

  • Infarction

  • Angina

  • Syncope

Correct answer: Necrosis

Necrotic tissue refers to tissue that is dead or dying.

An infarction is a blockage of blood flow to a body region. Angina is chest pain or pain of the surrounding regions due to decreased blood flow to the heart. Syncope is the temporary loss of consciousness.

79.

Which of the following would make an employee ineligible for time off through the Family Medical and Leave Act (FMLA)?

  • The employee has worked at the company for 8 months

  • The employee has worked at the company for 12 months total, but it has not been continuous and has mostly been seasonal work

  • The company employs 75 people who work within 50 miles of the worksite

  • The employee has accrued 1,500 total hours of work in the previous 12 months

Correct answer: The employee has worked at the company for 8 months

In order to qualify for FMLA, employees need to have worked at a company for at least 12 months.

Inconsistent and seasonal work still allows employees to qualify for FMLA, as long as they have worked for the company for 12 months in total. Companies must have at least 50 workers within 75 miles of the worksite in question in order to qualify for FMLA. Employees must have built up a minimum of 1,250 hours over their previous 12 months of work.

80.

Which of the following definitions best describes sarcopenia?

  • Sarcopenia is age-related muscle loss

  • Sarcopenia is a loss of bone density

  • Sarcopenia is a curvature in the thoracic spine that causes a "humpback"

  • Sarcopenia is cancer of connective tissue

Correct answer: Sarcopenia is age-related muscle loss

Sarcopenia refers to the process of muscle loss that occurs as we age. The process is involuntary and results in a loss of both muscle mass and muscular strength.

Osteopenia is a loss of bone density. An exaggerated curvature of the thoracic spine resulting in a "humpback" is known as (excessive) kyphosis. Sarcoma is cancer of connective tissue.

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