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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ACSM-EP Exam Questions

Page 7 of 25

121.

A client finishes a set and establishes a new personal record. You congratulate them and give them a high-five. Which type of social support is this an example of?

  • Emotional

  • Instrumental

  • Informational

  • Tactile 

Correct answer: Emotional

Behavioral change is challenging, but studies show that support from others can enhance the opportunity for success. Here are the four types of social support:

  • Instrumental: Providing tangible, practical assistance for goal achievement, such as driving a spouse to a cardiac rehabilitation appointment
  • Emotional: Expressing encouragement, empathy, and concern, such as praising a client for their efforts and demonstrating compassion for sore muscles
  • Informational: Giving instructions, advice, and feedback, such as providing exercise tips and giving valuable health-related information
  • Companionship: Providing a sense of belonging and connectedness, such as making oneself available as an experience partner

These types of social support can be provided by a variety of sources, including family, partners, friends, and exercise physiologists. 

Congratulating your client and giving them a high-five upon successfully completing a new personal record is a form of emotional support.

122.

As an exercise physiologist, which of the following do you not have control over in regard to minimizing a client's risk of injury?

  • Body composition

  • Volume of exercise

  • Intensity levels

  • Types of movement

Correct answer: Body composition

As an exercise physiologist, it is up to you to minimize risk for your client. Not everything will be within your control, but things like intensity levels, distances, and repetitions are within your control. 

A client's body composition is an intrinsic risk factor that is out of your control.

You will work with a variety of individuals, all of whom are going to have a wide array of potential intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that may predispose them to injury. Common extrinsic risk factors include the following:

  • Excessive load on the body
  • Type of movement
  • Speed of movement
  • Number of repetitions
  • Footwear
  • Surface
  • Training errors
  • Excessive distances
  • Fast progression
  • High intensity
  • Running on hills
  • Poor technique
  • Fatigue
  • Adverse environmental conditions

123.

Which of the following is not a category of cardiovascular endurance exercises?

  • Flexibility-based exercises (e.g., yoga) 

  • Moderate-intensity, minimal skill exercises (e.g., walking)

  • Skill-based endurance exercises (e.g., in-line skating)

  • Recreational sports (e.g., football)

Correct answer: Flexibility-based exercises (e.g., yoga)

When designing a cardiovascular endurance exercise program, it's best to view exercise options on a continuum, ranging from relatively simple to complex. There are four cardiovascular endurance exercise categories that run along this continuum:

  • Type A: Moderate-intensity, minimal skill exercises (e.g., walking)
  • Type B: Vigorous-intensity, minimal skill exercises (e.g., sprinting)
  • Type C: Skill-based endurance exercises (e.g., in-line skating)
  • Type D: Recreational sports (e.g., football)

Flexibility-based exercises such as yoga do not fall within any of the categories for cardiovascular endurance exercises. 

124.

Which of the following best describes how to perform a single-leg stance with reach?

  • Stand on one foot and extend the opposite hand toward a specific target

  • Stand on one foot and extend both hands toward the target

  • Stand on one foot and hold on to a wall for balance

  • Stand on one foot and shift the weight with the raised foot

Correct answer: Stand on one foot and extend the opposite hand toward a specific target

If you are progressing a client through an instability training program and they are currently performing a single-leg stance with reach, you should instruct the client to stand on one foot and extend the opposite hand toward a specific target.

The demonstration of mastery would be if the client is able to perform several reaches without losing balance.

125.

Which of the following best describes the Peak VO2 Method formula for when you are determining the appropriate exercise intensity for a client's workout program?

  • VO2max x % intensity desired

  • (% intensity desired) [(VO2max in METs) - 1] + 1

  • Maximum HR x % intensity desired

  • [(Maximum HR - Resting HR) x % intensity desired]

Correct answer: VO2max x % intensity desired

As an ACSM exercise physiologist, you should have multiple options at your disposal to determine the appropriate exercise intensity when prescribing physical activity to improve a client's cardiorespiratory fitness.

One of those methods is the Peak VO2 Method. This method requires the trainer to first measure or estimate the VO2 max of the client in a laboratory or field setting. Once the trainer has that, they can use the following formula:

  • Target VO2 = VO2 max x % intensity desired

For example, if your client has a measured VO2 max of 60 mL x kg-1 x min-1 with an exercise prescription of 90% maximum, here's what the formula would look like:

  • 60 x 90% = Target VO2 max of 54 mL x kg-1 x min-1

126.

What does professional liability insurance cover?

  • Professional advice and service

  • Ordinary negligence

  • Extreme forms of negligence

  • Extensive damage to a client's possessions 

Correct answer: Professional advice and service

Liability insurance is an important component of an exercise physiologist's risk management strategy. There are multiple types of insurance coverage available to you; however, there are two that are of particular importance:

  • General liability insurance: Protects from "ordinary" negligence, and it can be purchased from a commercial general liability firm
  • Professional liability insurance: Protects those who provide professional advice and service as part of their job responsibility

127.

For older adults who are in good physical shape, what is the recommended amount of time to hold a stretch?

  • 30 to 60 seconds

  • 1 to 2 minutes 

  • 10 to 30 seconds

  • 10 to 20 seconds

Correct answer: 30 to 60 seconds

While the general amount of time to hold a stretch is 10 to 30 seconds, studies suggest that for older adults who are in good physical shape, the greatest benefit might be found if they follow the recommendation of holding the stretch for up to 60 seconds.

128.

A client is riding on the exercise bike while maintaining conversation with her trainer. Her medical history indicates that she takes beta blockers. She does not seem to be short of breath and appears to be working at a fairly low intensity. When asked, she rates her intensity at 18 on the Borg RPE scale. 

Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the trainer?

  • Reexplain the scale to her and ask her again 

  • Mark down the intensity as reported 

  • Use heart rate to measure intensity 

  • Activate the emergency response system 

Correct answer: Reexplain the scale to her and ask her again

The Borg RPE scale runs from 6-20, with 20 indicating that the client is working at their absolute maximum intensity. Because this client does not appear to be struggling, it is unlikely that she is working at an intensity of 18/20. She may simply not understand the scale and might need a refresher.

Taking heart rate is inappropriate because of the beta blockers. Marking down the intensity indicated is inappropriate because this is unlikely to be an accurate representation of her true intensity. This is not a medical emergency. 

129.

During a maximal oxygen uptake VO2 max test, what equipment would be best to use?

  • Cycle ergometer

  • Aerobic step bench

  • Outdoor track 

  • Metronome

Correct answer: Cycle ergometer

CardioRespiratory Fitness (CRF) can be assessed through a variety of step tests, field tests, and submaximal VO2 prediction tests. The advantage of having a wide variety of available tests is that it allows you as the trainer to select an appropriate assessment that provides the desired physiological information while adhering to the needs of the client.

When performing a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) test, you can use a treadmill, cycle ergometer, upper body ergometer, etc.

The rest of these measurement tools are for submaximal oxygen uptake, step tests, and field tests.

130.

According to social cognitive theory, reciprocal determinism is inherent in all of our lives. Which of the following is the best definition of reciprocal determinism?

  • The bilateral interaction between individuals and their environments 

  • The give and take relationship between trainers and their clients

  • The way in which group exercise participants all help each other succeed

  • The relationship between exercise as a concept and the client

Correct answer: The bilateral interaction between individuals and their environments 

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), or social learning theory, is one of the most popular theoretical frameworks for understanding physical activity adoption. Social cognitive theory emphasizes reciprocal determinism, which is the interaction between individuals and their environments.

Using SCT for physical activity adoption can be individual-based self-regulation like self-monitoring, goal setting, and feedback, or it can be more complex, involving all three factors.

131.

Which of the phases of tissue repair is characterized by pain, edema, redness, and increased cell activity?

  • Inflammation

  • Repair

  • Cytoblastic 

  • Remodeling

Correct answer: Inflammation

When a client experiences a sprain, the body goes through three phases of tissue repair: inflammation, repair, and remodeling.

The inflammation phase is characterized by pain, edema, redness, and increased inflammatory cell activity. This phase usually lasts 2 to 3 days and is followed by the repair phase, which lasts up to 2 months.

132.

As an exercise physiologist, you'll be expected to perform a thorough fitness assessment to determine which type of exercises are ideal for your client. In general, there are four modes of aerobic exercise to improve physical fitness. 

If you want to select recreational sports as the activity that your client focuses on, which of the following would you not choose?

  • Jogging 

  • Tennis

  • Downhill skiing

  • Soccer

Correct answer: Jogging

As an exercise physiologist, you'll be expected to perform a thorough fitness assessment to determine which type of exercises are ideal for your client. In general, there are four modes of aerobic exercise to improve physical fitness:

  1. Low- to moderate-intensity endurance activities requiring no/minimal skill
  2. Vigorous-intensity endurance activities requiring minimal skill
  3. Endurance activities requiring skill to perform
  4. Recreational sports

If you want to select a recreational sport, you can choose from the following examples:

  • Racquet sports
  • Baseketball
  • Soccer
  • Downhill skiing
  • Hiking

Jogging is considered a low- to moderate-intensity activity that does not require skill to perform.

133.

As an exercise physiologist, which of the following actions would most promote positive feelings associated with exercise within the client?

  • Decreasing negative stimuli for the client and promoting positive stimuli based on client preferences 

  • Encouraging the client to work at or above 90% of their max heart rate at all times 

  • Avoiding feedback unless it's essential

  • Giving the client the choice of whether or not to workout or just chat each session

Correct answer: Decreasing negative stimuli for the client and promoting positive stimuli based on client preferences

Emotions play a key role in motivation for clients. In general, positive emotions associated with exercise predict adherence to an exercise program and the motivation to keep going. To promote positive feelings associated with exercise within the client, it's recommended to assess whether the client views the experience as positive or negative and adjust accordingly.

134.

As an exercise physiologist, you'll be expected to perform a thorough fitness assessment to determine which type of exercises are ideal for your client. In general, there are four modes of aerobic exercise to improve physical fitness. 

If you choose jogging/running as a vigorous-intensity physical activity that requires minimal skill for your client, which of the following is not a potential benefit?

  • Low injury risk

  • Accessibility

  • Caloric expenditure

  • Bone health

Correct answer: Low injury risk

As an exercise physiologist, you'll be expected to perform a thorough fitness assessment to determine which type of exercises are ideal for your client. In general, there are four modes of aerobic exercise to improve physical fitness:

  1. Low- to moderate-intensity endurance activities requiring no / minimal skill
  2. Vigorous-intensity endurance activities requiring minimal skill
  3. Endurance activities requiring skill to perform
  4. Recreational sports

Jogging/running is a vigorous-intensity physical activity that requires minimal skill for your client and offers the following benefits:

  • Easily accessibility
  • Large caloric expenditure
  • Promotes bone health

One of the potential downsides is the increased risk of injury due to higher impact movements.

135.

You have a client who you've been working with for eight months. Although they had a slow start in the beginning, they've been consistently exercising and meeting ACSM guidelines for three months. 

According to the TransTheoretical Model (TTM), which stage of change is your client in?

  • Action 

  • Contemplation

  • Preparation

  • Maintenance

Correct answer: Action

The TransTheoretical Model (TTM) is used to explain a variety of health behaviors, understand physical acitivity behaviors, and create appropriate interventions. According to this model, behaviors and cognitive processes occur as individuals move through these stages of change. Here are the TTM's five stages of change:

  1. Precontemplation: Currently inactive and not intending to take action in the next six months
  2. Contemplation: Currently inactive but intending to take action within six months
  3. Preparation: Slightly physically active but not meeting ACSM guidelines—wants to increase physical activity
  4. Action: Does enough physical activity to meet ACSM guidelines—less than six months at this stage
  5. Maintenance: Maintains physical activity level—exercises for more than six months

If you have a client of eight months who has been exercising and meeting ACSM guidelines for the last few months, they are said to be in the action stage of change.

136.

Your client is performing dynamic exercises at a constant angular limb velocity using specialized equipment. What type of resistance training is this?

  • Isokinetics

  • Plyometrics

  • DCER

  • Hypertrophy

Correct answer: Isokinetics

Isokinetics is a type of resistance training that requires specialized equipment and isokinetic devices that are designed to train movements around specific joints, such as the knee and elbow. Isokinetics involves dynamic exercises performed at a constant angular limb velocity. One notable feature of isokinetics is that the speed of movement (angular limb velocity, in this context) is controlled instead of the resistance itself.

137.

Following the general principles of motivational interviewing, which of the following is a way to practice rolling with resistance?

  • Offer new perspectives

  • Clarify the difference between current and preferred behavior

  • Discourage negativity and encourage positivity 

  • Use skillful listening

Correct answer: Offer new perspectives

Motivational interviewing is a person-centered approach focused on facilitating autonomy and strengthening motivation for change. This is a crucial approach for an exercise physiologist to engage in with the client as they begin to work together to establish a strong rapport. It also helps to build an understanding of client goals, concerns, and life situation.

The basic premise of motivational interviewing is that behavior change is more successful when the client takes the lead in discovering and fully considering all the factors that impact action and inaction toward a specific behavior.

To practice rolling with resistance, the exercise physiologist can do the following:

  • Avoid arguing
  • Offer new perspectives
  • Demonstrate patience and flexibility

138.

The foundation of the process of change known as stimulus control can be best summarized as which of the following?

  • Managing the client's environment

  • Making a commitment 

  • Becoming informed

  • Getting support

Correct answer: Managing the client's environment

Processes of change can be broken down into experiential processes and behavioral processes. Both are recommended to help increase self-efficacy and facilitate the required transition from precontemplation to action to maintenance.

Stimulus control can be best summarized as managing the client's environment. This can be accomplished by removing reminders or cues to be sedentary while using cues to exercise, such as leaving running shoes and clothes in a bag by the door.

Types of behavioral processes include the following:

  • Self-liberation
  • Helping relationships
  • Counterconditioning
  • Reinforcement management

139.

Both orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are indicative of which of the following?

  • Poor left ventricular function

  • Advanced diabetes mellitus affecting the cardiovascular system

  • Anemia

  • Heart murmur

Correct answer: Poor left ventricular function

Clients with any of the CMR diseases are at a higher risk for an untoward event during exercise testing and/or participation. The major CMR diseases that the trainer should be aware of include heart attack, heart surgery, pacemaker, heart valve disease, heart failure, heart transplantation, congenital heart disease, diabetes, and renal failure. 

Two of the major signs and symptoms of CMR disease are orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. If a client has any of these signs or symptoms, they are considered a higher risk and should get medical clearance before continuing with the test and physical activity.

In regard to CMR diseases, both orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are indicative of poor left ventricular function.

140.

When guiding a client through the processes of change, which of the following is a type of environmental reevaluation?

  • Considering the example that you're setting for family and friends

  • Set a date to start exercising regularly

  • Read books, magazines, and websites on health and fitness

  • Analyzing one's internal feelings toward exercise 

Correct answer: Considering the example that you're setting for family and friends

Processes of change can be broken down into experiential processes and behavioral processes. Both are recommended to help increase self-efficacy and facilitate the required transition from precontemplation to action to maintenance.

When you ask your client to consider the example that they are setting for family and friends, you are asking the client to practice environmental reevaluation.

Other types of experiential processes include the following:

  • Dramatic relief
  • Environmental reevaluation
  • Self-reevaluation
  • Social liberation
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