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CCE CPCE Exam Questions
Page 6 of 25
101.
Who should use the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL)?
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Someone who knows the client well
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Someone with a basic understanding of the client
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The client themselves
Correct answer: Someone who knows the client well
The Adult Behavior Checklist is used for clients aged 18-59 to assess psychopathology. It is best used by someone with good knowledge of the client, such as a spouse, family member, or therapist of some duration.
The ABCL should not be used by the client themselves to rate their own psychopathology.
102.
When is a substance use assessment appropriate?
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As a part of standard intake for all clients
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In cases of known substance use history
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Only when substance use is known
Correct answer: As a part of standard intake for all clients
The current thinking, given the prevalence of substance use and the increasing trend toward legalization of cannabis in particular, is that all clients should undertake some form of assessment for substance use issues as a part of standard intake. If the client does not manifest these issues, the assessment does not have to be robust, but the opportunity should not be missed to ask a few questions about the client's habits in this regard. Many substance use issues go undetected until they are highly acute and immediate, and prevention is better than cure.
103.
What is the difference between an open and a closed group?
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Open groups change membership, closed groups do not
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Closed groups change membership, open groups do not
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Open groups allow family members and significant others to attend
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Closed groups focus on a single issue of concern
Correct answer: Open groups change membership, closed groups do not
In terms of group counseling, an open group is one in which the membership is expected to change with new group members being admitted when some other members leave. In a closed group, membership is limited to initial participants, and new members do not replace those who leave.
The distinction does not refer to non-group member attendance or topic selection per se.
104.
Why would one use a scaling question with a client?
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To gauge a problem's subjective severity
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To enable an alternate coping structure
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To address transference issues
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To address countertransference issues
Correct answer: To gauge a problem's subjective severity
A scaling question, such as, "On a scale of 1 to 10, how bad is your depression today?" allows a client to define an issue in a way that both client and therapist can quickly understand. Such a practice also helps quantify and limit what could feel like an amorphous, uncontrollable affective state. It can also help establish a scale for client and counselor to measure therapeutic progress by asking the scaling question about comparisons between the level of problem at the beginning of treatment and at some point later.
Scaling questions are not concerned with coping per se, nor are they meant to address transference or countertransference issues.
105.
Which of the following is the main problem with exit interviews as evaluations of counseling?
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Clients may attempt to please the counselor
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Clients are rarely honest in their feedback
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Clients do not wish to perform exit interviews
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Clients have poor memories of what has happened in counseling
Correct answer: Clients may attempt to please the counselor
Clients tend to have fairly accurate memory of their course of treatment in counseling, and most seem to be happy to perform an exit interview for the therapist. Here, the problem is not honesty per se, but that, especially in cases where the counseling has been a positive experience, the client may feel motivated to please the therapist with positive feedback rather than give the kind of feedback that counselors might find more useful.
106.
What are Occupational Ability Patterns?
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Descriptors of important abilities meeting job requirements
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Descriptors of psychological characteristics of job seekers in general
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Descriptors of how workers adjust to changing job requirements
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Descriptors of how employees change the jobs they are in
Correct answer: Descriptors of important abilities meeting job requirements
Occupational Ability Patterns are developed by the U.S. Department of Labor in order to better describe the important abilities required by various jobs. This is done through assessment of sites as well as individuals in the studied occupations being assessed, yielding a list of three or four important abilities for any profession.
Occupational Ability Patterns may or may not be psychological in character, and are not related to change in the workplace.
107.
What is the major concern with sexual contact with current or former clients?
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A concern about harm to the client
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A concern about diversity and inclusion
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A concern about ethical decision-making
Correct answer: A concern about harm to the client
The prohibition of sexual contact with current or former clients far predates the ACA Code of Ethics or even the Hippocratic Oath, as Remly and Herlihy (2020) point out. Though there are a variety of concerns with this practice, the most important is related to the power differential between client and counselor so that clients are not exploited sexually in the therapeutic mode where they can lack power and agency.
Though it is an ethical concern, and there is an implicit diversity concern about women in particular, the main and overarching concern is about harm to clients.
108.
What is group cohesion?
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The way the group has bonded
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The way the group functions
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The way the group handles conflict
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How efficient the group is
Correct answer: The way the group has bonded
Group cohesion describes the way a therapeutic group has bonded, addressing the level of overall trust and cooperation within the group.
Though a better-cohered group will no doubt function more efficiently and handle conflict better, the phrase simply refers to the sense of togetherness within the group and its effects.
109.
How available is legal aid to those who need it?
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Legal aid is available to a small proportion of those who need it
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Legal aid is available to all who need it, though there may be delays
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The availability of legal aid has drastically improved in the past ten years
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Legal aid is not available to those who commit violent crimes
Correct answer: Legal aid is available to a small proportion of those who need it
There is major class inequity in the justice system. Legal aid, seen as the recourse for those who cannot afford attorneys when they are in need (including those who commit violent crimes), tends to be underfunded. Legal aid is therefore available only to a small proportion of those who need it, including the delays in securing such aid, which are also part of the overall problem.
This problem has not improved recently.
110.
Why might career adaptability be a more appropriate construct than career maturity?
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The modern work environment changes rapidly
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The modern work environment changes slowly
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People do not stay in careers very long
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Career maturity is an outdated concept
Correct answer: The modern work environment changes rapidly
The constructs of career maturity and career adaptability are both important to understand in evaluating individual behavior in labor markets. Though career maturity is still a valid construct for what it intends to measure—achievement in skills in a given career relative to time spent in that career—it is considered that, due to the modern work environment being far more changeable than previously, career adaptability may be a more appropriate construct for measurement.
Career adaptability measures how resilient and prepared an individual is for changes in a given career or switching to a new career.
111.
Which of the following is the fundamental aim of cultural identity theory?
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Expanding awareness of one's own cultural identity
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Addressing historical grievances
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Ensuring an awareness of otherness
Correct answer: Expanding awareness of one's own cultural identity
Cultural identity theory is based on the expansion of the awareness of one's own cultural identity.
Although historical grievances and otherness are important concepts in a cultural awareness journey, cultural identity theory deals mostly with the discovery and knowledge about one's own cultural place. More recently, cultural identity theory has expanded to include identities such as that of veteran, disabled person, and cancer survivors, among others.
112.
Which of the following accurately describes the proper timing of assessment?
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As a continuous process throughout treatment
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At the beginning of treatment
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At the end of treatment
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At the beginning of treatment and as needed
Correct answer: As a continuous process throughout treatment
It is incumbent upon professionals who assess clients that they not only assess their clients with a battery of varied examination strategies at the beginning of treatment in order to establish diagnosis and arrive at a treatment plan. The other essential element of assessment is continuous, whether that means to assess the client at each subsequent appearance for situational variables, response to treatment, or other concerns.
113.
What should a group leader do if a client wishes to leave the group?
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Advise about risks but allow the departure
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Refuse to allow departure from the group
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Advise a waiting period before departure
Correct answer: Advise about risks but allow the departure
There are many reasons why a client might wish to leave the group; conflict, discomfort, or disbelief in the utility of the group modality, among others. In these cases, one should not attempt to force the client into staying, even to wait out what might be a temporary issue; it is most ethical to advise about the potential risks of departure from the group and then allow the client to leave.
114.
Which of the following corresponds to Luria's view on information processing?
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Intellect is made of two essential processes
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Intellect is made of one stable process
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Intellect is an artificial construct
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Intellect is unmeasurable in its global form
Correct answer: Intellect is made of two processes
The school of information processing emerges from the ideas of Luria (1966). This way of studying intelligence asserts that there are two essential processes that define intellect; one is simultaneous processing, which involves a great deal of information absorbed at once. The other is sequential processing, which involves information being processed sequentially. Luria and his colleagues suggested that intellect could be measured in terms of these two processes.
115.
How does a group doing reality therapy work?
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By exploring needs, examining behavior, and evaluating behavior
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By examining thoughts and their relationship to behavior
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By mirroring the behavior and actions of other clients
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By soliciting the personal narratives of self and others
Correct answer: By exploring needs, examining behavior, and evaluating behavior
Reality therapy is centered on examining how present behavior meets the identified set of personal needs and wants that a person has, evaluating the behaviors that people engage in to achieve those wants and needs, and evaluating the efficacy of those behaviors; keeping in mind that a carefully-planned change will likely be called for in order to better align wants and needs with behavior. In a group context, this exploration is shared.
Examining thoughts per se is more the realm of cognitive behavior. Mirroring behavior and personal narrative are not necessarily techniques used in reality therapy, which is focused on planning more effective strategies.
116.
What is meant by bracketing in the counseling profession?
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The effort to confine one's beliefs that may conflict with serving clients
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The effort to discourage clients from discussing values that may conflict with the counselor's values
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The effort to discuss one's personal values in sidebars with clients
Correct answer: The effort to confine one's beliefs that may conflict with serving clients
There is a serious and emergent issue of counselors who find that their belief systems, whether religious or otherwise, conflict in some way with serving clients who present in ways that conflict with those beliefs. The most common example is those of certain faiths who find themselves in conflict with serving LGBTQQI individuals. The idea of bracketing is meant to help counselors confine their belief system within counseling relationships so that their belief system is sublimated to the service of clients.
Bracketing is not about discouraging client discussion in any way, nor is it meant to encourage a discussion of those belief systems; it is an effort to put aside those beliefs in serving clients.
117.
What is an associative learning experience?
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When a neutral situation is paired with a negative or positive
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When a neutral situation is paired with a positive
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When a neutral situation is paired with a negative
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When a client is reinforced by their own actions
Correct answer: When a neutral situation is paired with a negative or positive
Associative learning experiences take place without the direct involvement of the individual doing the learning, at least as far as being reinforced by any action they personally take. An associative learning experience takes place when a previously neutral situation is paired with either a negative or a positive. For example, a person who has had no previous feelings at all about being a pilot may meet a gathering of pilots who all seem very happy, well-adjusted, and attractive. The associative lesson will be that being a pilot must be fun, stimulating, and fulfilling.
118.
Which of the following is considered a major drawback of computer-assisted career counseling?
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It is seen as over-authoritative
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It is seen as under-authoritative
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It is seen as unscientific
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It is seen as arbitrary
Correct answer: It is seen as over-authoritative
There has been a major increase in the use of computer or technologically-assisted means of career counseling in the recent past. Such computer-assisted means are based on science and research, but their interpretation can become problematic for the reason that such assessments are seen as final, scientific, and over-authoritative.
Though career counseling can be instrumentalized to some degree, the results of these instruments should be interpreted and framed for participants appropriately.
119.
Which of the following accurately describes the trend in counseling research?
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Toward more evidence-based best practice
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Toward more anecdotal accounts of care
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Toward less rigorous research in general
Correct answer: Toward more evidence-based best practice
Historically, counseling practitioners have not participated in much of the research that defines their profession. Of the available research, little of it was seen as evidence-based and concerned with overall effectiveness. There is now a growing trend, driven in part by reimbursors, for the research to support evidence-based best practice.
120.
What does "encounter" mean with respect to cultural awareness theory?
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A situation in which one must confront cultural difference
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A voluntary switch in one's cultural perspective
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A recovery of a lost cultural identity through practice
Correct answer: A situation in which one must confront cultural difference
The model of cultural/racial identity proposed by Cross (1971) remains influential in discussions about diversity and cultural awareness. This model has four stages. The first, preencounter, is a state in which there is little awareness of difference. The second, encounter, begins when there is a confrontation or friction of cultural difference. The third, immersion/emersion, deals with how the individual deals with those issues of difference, and the fourth, internalization, has to do with the solidifying of a culturally integrated self-concept.