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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

CDR RD Exam Questions

Page 7 of 50

121.

Which of the following nutritional problems is not common in the elderly?

  • Diarrhea 

  • Polypharmacy

  • Hypercholesterolemia 

  • Protein energy malnutrition

Correct answer: Diarrhea

The elderly are considered individuals over 65 years of age and are categorized as young-old (65-74), aged (75-84), and oldest-old (>85), according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Common nutritional problems for the elderly include dysphagia, polypharmacy (multiple medications), chronic disease, protein-energy malnutrition, decreased absorption, hypercholesterolemia, and tooth loss.

Diarrhea is not a common nutrition problem; rather, constipation is more common due to decreased gastric motility and decreased HCl stomach secretion in the elderly.

122.

Which symptom and recommended diet is associated with Addison's disease?

  • Weight loss; high-protein diet

  • Weight gain; low-sodium diet

  • Hyperglycemia; consistent carbohydrate intake

  • Hypertension; low-sodium diet

Correct answer: Weight loss; high-protein diet

Addison's disease is a disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. The atrophy of the adrenal cortex leads to decreased cortisol (glycogen depletion, hypoglycemia), decreased aldosterone (sodium loss, potassium retention, dehydration), and decreased androgens (tissue wasting, weight loss). The recommended diet for Addison's disease is a high-protein, high-salt diet with frequent meals to prevent weight loss, hypoglycemia, and dehydration.

The other options do not reflect signs/symptoms or appropriate diets for an individual with Addison's disease.

123.

Which of the following individuals would have the highest estimated protein needs per kg of body weight?

  • 2-month-old

  • 3-year-old

  • 8-year-old

  • 14-year-old

Correct answer: 2-month-old

Estimated protein needs

AgeProtein needs per kg body wt
0-3 months1.52 grams
3 years1.08 grams
8 years0.95 grams
14 years0.85 grams

124.

Vitamin D deficiency in adults can be identified as:

  • Osteomalacia

  • Rickets

  • Arthritis

  • Homocystinuria

Correct answer: Osteomalacia

A vitamin D deficiency can occur through a lack of sunlight or vitamin D in the diet. In adults, this deficiency is known as osteomalacia (also called adult rickets), which results in demineralization and reduction of bone density.

In children, vitamin D deficiency is called rickets, which results in soft bones. Arthritis is the inflammation of peripheral joints. Homocystinuria is a disorder of methionine metabolism, leading to an abnormal accumulation of homocysteine and its metabolites in blood and urine. This disorder is associated with low levels of folate, B-6, and B-12.

125.

Yoga, acupuncture, and naturopathy are all examples of what?

  • Integrative medicine

  • Alternative medicine

  • Naturopathy

  • Homeopathy

Correct answer: Integrative medicine

Integrative medicine is a holistic medicine that treats the whole person using complementary therapies that address the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. It includes modalities like yoga, acupuncture, naturopathy, meditation, vitamins, chiropractic manipulations, dietary supplements, and many others.

Alternative medicine is used instead of conventional medicine. An example would be using a herbal supplement instead of a medication. Naturopathy is a form of primary care medicine. It includes diet, herbal medication, physical manipulation, prescription medication, homeopathies, etc. Homeopathy refers to a theory of treatment, not including those listed.

126.

Which of the following is not true about reporting an ethical violation of a Registered Dietitian?

  • The complaint must be made within 18 months of the complainant becoming aware of the violation.

  • A complaint must cite the section(s) of the Code of Ethics for the Profession of Dietetics violated.

  • The complainant does not have to be a member of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

  • Details of the violation must be included in the complaint.

Correct answer: The complaint must be made within 18 months of the complainant becoming aware of the violation.

When reporting an ethical violation of a Registered Dietitian:

  • A complaint must be made within 1 year of the complainant becoming aware of the violation.
  • The complaint must cite the section(s) of the Code of Ethics for the Profession of Dietetics violated.
  • The complainant does not have to be a member of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
  • Details of the violation must be included (basis of the complainant's knowledge of the violation, whether it has been submitted to a state licensure board, etc.).

Therefore, 18 months is not the correct timeframe for making a complaint.

127.

Which of the following is legal for a union?

  • To require engagement in collective bargaining 

  • To require an employee to become a union member in order to obtain employment

  • To require the employer to hire only union members

  • To require the company to release any employee who loses union membership

Correct answer: To require engagement in collective bargaining 

The Taft-Hartley Act, also known as the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, prevents unions from coercing employees to join, outlaws the union shop (which requires an employee to become a union member in order to obtain employment) and the closed shop (which obligates an employer to hire only union members and to release any employee who loses union membership), and makes it illegal for unions to refuse to engage in collective bargaining (an obligation to discuss terms with an open mind).

128.

Which factors could lead to a vitamin D deficiency?

  • I. Limited sunlight
  • II. Institutionalized or homebound state
  • III. Medications
  • IV. Vegetarian diet

  • I, II, III

  • III, IV

  • I, II, IV

  • II, III, IV

Correct answer: I, II, III

Vitamin D deficiency may be caused by low dietary intake (avoidance of dairy, some vegan diets), limited sunlight, institutionalized or homebound state (resulting in lack of sunlight), and medications (antifungals, anticonvulsants, glucocorticoids, HIV/AIDS medications).

Iron deficiency may be a result of a vegetarian diet, but vitamin D deficiency is not common.

129.

A female patient is 65 inches tall and weighs 130 pounds. She is receiving a TPN of D5W at 100 mL/hr/day.

What is her GIR?

  • 1.4 mg/kg/min

  • 3.4 mg/kg/min

  • 14 mg/kg/min

  • 0.14 mg/kg/min

Correct answer: 1.4 mg/kg/min

Glucose infusion rate (GIR) is a measure of how quickly the patient receives carbohydrates. The maximum rate should not exceed 4-6 mg/kg/min (or max 0.36 grams dextrose/kg/hr) to prevent hyperglycemia and steatosis. To determine GIR, simply convert the units into mg/kg/min.

To solve:

GIR =IV Rate (mL/hr) * Dextrose Conc (g/dL) * 1000 (mg/g)
Weight (kg) * 60 (min/hr) * 100 (mL/dL)

Add in the variables:

GIR =100 (mL/hr) * 5 (g/dL) * 1000 (mg/g)
59 (kg) * 60 (min/hr) * 100 (mL/dL)

GIR = 1.4 mg/kg/min

130.

Which of the following methods to give nutrition information would be most cost-effective to reach the highest-percent of low-education, minority adults with few resources?

  • Social media

  • Newspaper

  • Television

  • Radio

Correct answer: Social media

Research has shown that about 2/3 of low-educated, minority adults with few resources use social media. Social media is used overall more often than print media, and it is more cost-effective than print media, television, or radio.

131.

You are asked to write a job specification for the lead cook on the kitchen staff. Which of the following would be included in the job specification?

  • Minimum standards that must be met by a lead cook

  • Duties that the lead cook completes each day

  • How to complete each task required of the lead cook 

  • Responsibilities of the lead cook

Correct answer: Minimum standards that must be met by a lead cook

Job analysis: A breakdown of the tasks of the position and how to complete each one. 

  • How to complete each task required of the lead cook

Job description: A list of the skills, responsibilities, and duties of a specific position.

  • Duties that the lead cook completes each day
  • Responsibilities of the lead cook

Job specification: A description of the minimum standards that must be met by someone to hold a specific position.

  • Minimum standards that must be met by a lead cook

132.

The scope of practice for the RDN includes all of the following components except which one?

  • Public health and safety regulations

  • Education and credentialing

  • Accreditation standards

  • State and federal regulations

Correct answer: Public health and safety regulations

The scope of practice for the RDN includes the practice components used in nutrition and dietetics:

  • Education and credentialing
  • Practice resources
  • Standards of practice and professional performance
  • Codes of ethics
  • Accreditation standards
  • State and federal regulations
  • National guidelines
  • Organizational policy and procedures
  • Resources for practice management

133.

Which of the following is not an example of food processing?

  • Biotechnology

  • Fermentation

  • Freeze-drying

  • Washing

Correct answer: Biotechnology

Biotechnology is not a type of food processing. It does change food, but food processing involves changing any type of fresh food into a food product. 

All the other examples change food from one form into another, edible form. This can range from such minimal processing as washing food to more processed results of fermenting or freeze-drying a food.

134.

A long-term care facility, Sunshine Living, provides its residents with menus that have four choices per meal that repeat every two weeks. Today, the facility is serving the following breakfast options: banana pancakes, vegetable omelet, egg burrito, or fruit parfait.

What type of menu does Sunshine Living use?

  • Cycle

  • Limited choice

  • Static

  • Fixed

Correct answer: Cycle

A cycle menu, or standing menu, is the repetition of menus in designated sequences. These menus are planned for a set number of weeks and then repeated. Sunshine Living provides two-week cycles with four choices, which describes a cycle menu.

A limited choice menu provides choices for some items. For example, a special event may offer select dishes from a restaurant.

A static menu is also known as a fixed or set menu and provides the same menu items every day when the clients change daily. A restaurant menu is an example of a static menu.

135.

South Park Community College's cafeteria received a food delivery of tomato soup in thermoses and individually wrapped grilled cheese sandwiches from their kitchen. What type of production system does their cafeteria most likely use?

  • Commissary

  • Ready-prepared

  • Centralized conventional

  • Decentralized conventional

Correct answer: Commissary

The commissary system is one where food production (kitchen) and service area (cafeteria) are in separate facilities. The cafeteria in this question is an example of a commissary system because the production and service areas are separate and the school receives a food delivery of prepared meals.

Ready-prepared (cook-chill, cook-freeze) is a production system where foods are prepared on-site, then frozen/chilled for later use. Production and service areas are in the same facility, but there is a separation between the time of preparation and service.

A conventional system is where production and service occur in the same facility and foods are prepared and served on the same day. In centralized delivery, trays are set up in the centralized serving area and delivered to the customer on heated/refrigerated carts. In decentralized delivery, trays are set up in the serving area and the distance to the customer is great (requiring duplication of equipment).

136.

Which of the following should not be in the Intervention section in an ADIME format note?

  • Physician-ordered diet

  • Nutrition prescription

  • Specific plans for nutrition care

  • Etiology-based recommendations

Correct answer: Physician-ordered diet

The Intervention section of the ADIME (Assessment, Diagnosis, Intervention, Monitoring, and Evaluation) note contains:

  • Recommendations aimed at the etiology of the nutrition diagnosis
  • Specific and appropriate plans for nutrition care
  • Nutrition prescription

The diet ordered by the doctor is not an intervention by the dietitian and, therefore, is not part of this section. The physician-ordered diet would be included in the Assessment section of the ADIME.

137.

In a relationship between minutes of exercise and servings of fruit per week, r = 0.899. Based on the r value, what can you deduce about this relationship?

  • People who exercise more eat more fruit

  • People who exercise more eat less fruit

  • Minutes of exercise is moderately related to servings of fruit per week

  • There is no linear relationship

Correct answer: People who exercise more eat more fruit

Correlations represent the relationship between varying types of data. The linear correlation coefficient (r) measures the degree to which the points gather around a straight line, where the value of r is always between -1 (perfect negative) and 1 (perfect positive).

When r = 1, the points are on a straight line with a positive slope going up to the right. For our example, "when people who exercise more eat more fruit", the strength of the correlation is 0.899, representing a strong or high correlation.

The option "minutes of exercise is moderately related to servings of fruit per week" reflects a moderate correlation, or r = 0.4-0.7.

When r = -1, the points are on a straight line with a negative slope going up to the left—for example, when people who exercise more eat less fruit.

When r = 0, there is no linear relationship. 

138.

Which of the following has not been achieved in regard to altering nutrient composition with biotechnology?

  • Improving flavor

  • Increasing vitamin content

  • Improving fatty acid profile

  • Reducing trans fatty acid levels

Correct answer: Improving flavor

Foods such as tomatoes have been modified to improve flavor, color, and texture; however, this is not an alteration in nutrient composition.

Rice has been modified with genes from daffodils to increase its vitamin A content. Rapeseeds have been modified to have a healthier fatty acid profile, which is then used to make canola oil with higher levels of lauric and oleic acids. Sunflower and peanut oils have been modified to have reduced trans fatty acids.

139.

Food cost fits best into which of the following types of costs?

  • Variable

  • Fixed

  • Indirect

  • Noncontrollable

Correct answer: Variable

Variable costs increase and decrease with sales. So, when there are more sales, more food is needed and purchased, for example.

Fixed costs are the same whether or not sales increase. Food costs do not remain the same when sales change. Indirect costs are also known as overhead costs. These types of costs are not easily attributable to one particular area. Food costs are easily attributed to the purchase of food. Noncontrollable costs are costs that the manager has no direct control over. Managers have control over the foods ordered and stored.

140.

In a 2007 study, 115 of the 260 men had diabetes and 75 of the 115 diabetic men died during the ten-year follow-up period. Calculate the morbidity rate for these men.

  • 44.23%

  • 65.21%

  • 28.85%

  • 32.71%

Correct answer: 44.23%

Morbidity is the rate of disease. So, in this case, the morbidity rate is 115 cases of diabetes / 260 total men = 0.4423 x 100 = 44.23%.

Mortality is the rate of death. For example, the mortality rate is 75 deaths / 115 diabetic men = 0.6521 x 100 = 65.21%.

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