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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

HESI A2 Exam Questions

Page 5 of 74

81.

Choose the correct relative pronoun to complete the sentence:

It hit me suddenly; I know the patient to _____ you spoke last night.

  • whom

  • who

  • whose

  • that

Correct answer: whom

It hit me suddenly; I know the patient to whom you spoke last night. "Who" usually takes the place of a subject, otherwise known as the nominative case. "Whom" generally replaces the direct object, also known as the accusative case. 

82.

Select the meaning of the italicized word in the sentence below.

After his stroke, the patient could not feed himself because his arms had become flaccid and unresponsive.

  • Limp

  • Rigid

  • Painful

  • None of these

Correct answer: Limp

Flaccid means limp or lacking tone. After his stroke, the patient could not feed himself because his arms had become limp.

Rigid means not flexible. Painful means aching.

83.

Which word or phrase is not used correctly in the following sentence:

While Juan, William, and Rosa played the radio blared from the patio.

  • Played

  • Juan, William, and Rosa

  • Blared

  • From the patio.

Correct answer: Played

A comma should be placed after the word played. Without a comma, the sentence is confusing. The comma helps to indicate that While Juan, William, and Rosa played is an introductory phrase. Without the comma, it seems the children played the radio.

The other answer options are used correctly in the sentence.

84.

Which punctuation mark should be used in order to separate two sentences when the conjunction is missing?

  • Semicolon

  • Comma

  • Quotation mark

  • Colon

Correct answer: Semicolon

The semicolon is used to separate sentences when a conjunction such as "and," "or," or "but" is missing.

Commas are used between two independent clauses, between items in a series, to separate adjectives, and to separate contrasted elements. Quotation marks are used to punctuate titles, for special words, to set off quoted passages, and for quoting a quotation. Colons are used after salutations, between numerals indicating time or ratios, to introduce a quotation, and to introduce a list.

85.

Which type of chemical bond shares one or more pairs of electrons between nuclei?

  • Covalent bond

  • Ionic bond

  • Hydrogen bond

  • Van der Waals force

Correct answer: Covalent bond

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that shares one or more pairs of electrons between nuclei.

An ionic bond is a chemical bond that has a relatively weak attraction between an anion and a cation. A hydrogen bond is a chemical bond that has a weak attraction between polarized molecules. A Van der Waals force is a chemical bond that has a weak attraction due to random disturbances in the electron clouds of adjacent atoms; it is also the weakest of all bonds.

86.

Which answer option correctly introduces the word "just" into the following sentence?

"The victim's mother has arrived."

  • "The victim's mother has just arrived."

  • "The victim's mother just has arrived."

  • "Just has the victim's mother arrived."

  • "The victim's mother has arrived just."

Correct answer: "The victim's mother has just arrived."

"Just" as an adverb is always placed between the auxiliary "has" and the past participle "arrived."

87.

How do most hormones affect cell activity?

  • By altering the protein synthesis rate

  • By acting as secondary messengers

  • By developing DNA

  • By increasing metabolism

Correct answer: By altering the protein synthesis rate

Most hormones affect cell activity by altering the protein synthesis rate.

The protein hormones generally act through a second messenger, and steroid hormones have a direct effect on DNA within the nucleus. When thyroid hormone activity is increased, it generally results in increased metabolism.

88.

Which of the following is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells?

  • Chromosome

  • Gene

  • Neutron

  • Enzyme

Correct answer: Chromosome

A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells.

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. A neutron is a neutral subatomic particle that has no electric charge. An enzyme regulates the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process.

89.

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the transcription of DNA?

  • RNA copies DNA to produce mRNA

  • DNA uses mRNA to produce tRNA

  • RNA uses reverse transcriptase to make mRNA

  • RNA creates a duplicate copy of DNA

Correct answer: RNA copies DNA to produce mRNA

DNA is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code. It holds the instructions for making all the proteins in our bodies. DNA is a double helical structure that contains the four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Each base forms hydrogen bonds with another base on the complementary strand. The bases have a precise bonding pattern. Adenine bonds with thymine and guanine bonds with cytosine (remember: AT/GC). Because of this method of bonding, the strands can be replicated, producing identical stands of DNA.

When the information stored in our DNA is converted into instructions for making proteins or other molecules, it is called gene expression. Gene expression is a regulated process that allows a cell to respond to its changing environment. It acts as both an on/off switch to control when proteins are made and also a volume control that increases or decreases the amount of proteins made. There are two key steps involved in making a protein: transcription and translation.

Transcription

Transcription is when the DNA in a gene is copied to produce an RNA transcript called messenger RNA (mRNA). This is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase which uses available bases from the nucleus of the cell to form the mRNA. RNA is a chemical similar in structure and properties to DNA, but it only has a single strand of bases and instead of the base thymine, RNA has a base called uracil.

Translation

Translation occurs after the messenger RNA (mRNA) has carried the transcribed ‘message’ from the DNA to protein-making factories in the cell, called ribosomes. The message carried by the mRNA is read by a carrier molecule called transfer RNA (tRNA). The mRNA is read three letters (a codon) at a time. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid. As there are only 20 amino acids but 64 potential combinations of codons, more than one codon can code for the same amino acid. For example, the codons ‘GGU’ and ‘GGC’ both code for glycine. Each amino acid is attached specifically to its own tRNA molecule. When the mRNA sequence is read, each tRNA molecule delivers its amino acid to the ribosome and binds temporarily to the corresponding codon on the mRNA molecule. Once the tRNA is bound, it releases its amino acid and the adjacent amino acids all join together into a long chain called a polypeptide. This process continues until a protein is formed. Several polypeptide chains may be needed to make a complete protein molecule. Eventually, the chain is ended at what is called a stop codon. Stop codons are sequences of DNA and RNA that are needed to stop translation. At this point, the chain is released into the cytoplasm, and the protein folds onto itself and forms its complete conformation.

90.

A water molecule contains two types of atoms that are covalently bonded. Which of the following makes up a water molecule?

  • Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

  • One hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms

  • One hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom

  • Two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms

Correct answer: Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are covalently bonded to make a water molecule (H2O). Life is made possible with water.

91.

It was quite obvious she didn't know the answer; her "nebulous" remark made us second guess her abilities.

Which of the following is the definition for the word "nebulous"?

  • Vague

  • Uncoupling

  • Distracted

  • Flawless

Correct answer: Vague

Nebulous is related to nebula, which means "cloud". A nebulous remark or answer is cloudy, or vague.

92.

What does s equal if (6s - 2) / 2 = 8?

  • 3

  • 6

  • 4

  • -4

Correct answer: 3

  1. Factor out the common term 2
    1. (2(3s-1))/2=8
  2. Cancel 2
    1. 3s-1=8
  3. Add 1 to both sides
    1. 3s=8+1
  4. Simplify 8 + 1 to 9
    1. 3s=9
  5. Divide both sides by 3
    1. s=9/3
  6. Simplify 9/3 to 3
    1. s = 3

93.

Read the following sentence, and select the meaning of the italicized word.

The physician's instructions for the nurse were concise.

  • Brief

  • Distinct

  • Able to be heard

  • Responsible

Correct answer: Brief

The term "concise" means brief. The physician's instructions for the nurse were brief.

The term "discrete" means distinct. The term "audible" means able to be heard. The term "accountable" means responsible.

94.

Choose the option that correctly identifies the adverb in the sentence below.

His stories are really dramatic.

  • really

  • His

  • stories

  • dramatic

Correct answer: really

An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. The word "really" is an adverb because it describes the adjective "dramatic."

The word "his" is a pronoun. The word "stories" is a noun. The word "dramatic" is an adjective.

95.

Select the meaning of the italicized word:

The swine flu patient was restricted to quarantine until her condition improved.

  • Confined

  • Released

  • Enlarged

  • Discouraged

Correct answer: Confined

To restrict means to confine, or limit a situation or ability to participate. The swine flu patient was confined to quarantine until her condition improved.

96.

If an atom has a positive charge, what is it called?

  • Cation

  • Anion

  • Ion

  • Protons

Correct answer: Cation

Cation is the term used to describe atoms that have a positive charge.

Anion is the term used to describe atoms that have a negative charge. Ion is the term used to describe atoms that are electrically charged. Protons and neutrons are elements that make up the atom.

97.

While I was brushing my teeth this morning.

The above sentence has what type of grammatical error?

  • Sentence fragment

  • Run-on sentence

  • Misplaced modifier

  • Pronoun case

Correct answer: Sentence fragment

The given sentence's grammatical error is a sentence fragment, as it is an incomplete sentence. The word "while" causes it to be a dependent clause. In order to make the sentence fragment a complete sentence, it will need an independent clause added. While I was brushing my teeth this morning, the phone rang.

Run-on sentence is incorrect because the sentence does not contain two complete sentences. Misplaced modifier is incorrect because the modifier "this morning" correctly modifies the phrase "I was brushing my teeth." Pronoun case is incorrect because the pronouns "I" and "my" are used appropriately.

98.

Which type of chemical bond has a covalent bond in which electrons are equally attracted to both nuclei?

  • Nonpolar covalent bond

  • Polar covalent bond

  • Double covalent bond

  • Single covalent bond

Correct answer: Nonpolar covalent bond

A nonpolar covalent bond is a chemical bond that has a covalent bond in which electrons are equally attracted to both nuclei.

A double covalent bond is a chemical bond that shares two electron pairs. A single covalent bond is a chemical bond that shares one electron pair. A polar covalent bond is a chemical bond that has a covalent bond in which electrons are more attracted to one nucleus than another.

99.

Select the meaning of the italicized word in the sentence below.

The doctor prescribed the medicine to be taken orally since the child was now old enough to take pills.

  • By mouth

  • By arm

  • By breathing

  • By I.V.

Correct answer: By mouth

Oral means given through or affecting the mouth. If a medicine is taken orally, it means that it is taken through the mouth (such as a pill).

100.

What two things are needed in order for a muscle cell to contract?

  • Calcium and ATP

  • Calcium and ADP

  • Sodium and ATP

  • Sodium and ADP

Correct answer: Calcium and ATP

Calcium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are required for a muscle cell to contract. The process works like this: motor neuron stimulation causes calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The released calcium attaches to inhibitory proteins on the actin filaments within the cell, moving them aside so the actin and myosin filaments can connect using the energy supplied by ATP.

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