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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

HESI A2 Exam Questions

Page 8 of 74

141.

The liver is an organ responsible for detoxifying the body of many harmful substances. You might expect the liver to contain a high amount of which of the following?

  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum

  • Lysosomes

  • Mitochondria

Correct answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a large function in detoxifying and metabolizing many molecules.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein folding, protein production, quality control, and dispatch. Lysosomes are membrane-bound cell organelles. Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouse.

142.

Please give me some milk.

What type of sentence is this?

  • Imperative

  • Exclamatory

  • Interrogative

  • Declarative

Correct answer: Imperative

An imperative sentence either makes a command or a request. In this case, the sentence is requesting the reader to give the author some milk.

Exclamatory sentences communicate strong emotions or surprises. Interrogative sentences ask questions. Declarative sentences make statements.

143.

What is the meaning of the word "anachronism" as it is used in the sentence:

In the age of computers, typewriters have almost become an anachronism, a thing of the past.

  • relic

  • monument

  • shrine

  • necessity

Correct answer: relic

The meaning of "anachronism," as it is used in the given sentence, is relic. When unsure of the meaning of a word, it may be restated in other words within the sentence that is given. In the given sentence, "anachronism" is described as "a thing of the past," which is also known as a relic.

144.

Where can ribosomes be found inside a cell?

  • Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the cytoplasm

  • Within the cellular membrane

  • Attached to the Golgi apparatus and in the cytoplasm

  • Within the nucleus

Correct answer: Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the cytoplasm

Ribosomes are the organelles that read RNA produced in the nucleus and translate instructions in order to produce proteins. Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis generally have a larger number of ribosomes. Bound ribosomes can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and free ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm. The two types are interchangeable and have identical structures although they have slightly different roles.

145.

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype of sexually reproduced offspring. What is the phenotype?

  • The traits that will be expressed

  • The combination of alleles

  • The alternative versions of a gene

  • None of these

Correct answer: The traits that will be expressed

By using a diagram called a Punnett square, it is possible to predict genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of sexual reproduction.

For every trait expressed in a sexually reproducing organism, there are at least two alternative versions of a gene, called alleles.

A genotype is the combination of alleles. It is the genetic makeup of an individual organism. An individual's genotype functions as a set of instructions for the growth and development of its body. A phenotype represents the traits that will be expressed. It is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences (i.e., height, weight, hair color, eye color, and skin color).

If both of the alleles are the same type, the organism is said to be homozygous. If the alleles are different types, the organism is said to be heterozygous.

In a Punnet square, alleles are placed one per column for one gene and one per row for the other gene. The Punnet square can be used to cross any number of different traits simultaneously. A probability of phenotypes that will be produced can be determined.

146.

Change the percentage to a decimal:

58.3%

  • 0.583

  • 5.83

  • 58.3

  • 0.0583

Correct answer: 0.583

Move the decimal point two spaces away from the percent sign (to the left). Drop the % sign:

58.3% --> 0.583

147.

Which of the following options means "appearing everywhere at once"?

  • Ubiquitous

  • Allude

  • Notorious

  • Sensible

Correct answer: Ubiquitous

Ubiquitous means appearing everywhere at once.

Allude means to indirectly call attention to. Notorious means highly talked about in an unfavorable fashion. Sensible refers to the ability to receive sensory impressions.

148.

What SI unit is used to measure the number of representative particles in a substance?

  • Mole

  • Ampere

  • Ohm

  • Newton

Correct answer: Mole

A mole is the SI unit of measurement for the number of particles in a substance.

Ohms measure resistance, newtons measure force, and amperes (or amps) measure electrical current.

149.

Add:

534 + 122

  • 656

  • 412

  • 636

  • 752

Correct answer: 656

1. Set up the long addition.

2. Calculate 4 + 2, which is 6.

3. Calculate 3 + 2, which is 5.

4. Calculate 5 + 1, which is 6.

5.  Therefore, 534 + 122 = 656.

150.

John received a(n) _______ of seven months to live.

Choose the option that best completes the above sentence.

  • prognosis

  • accolade

  • legacy

  • antidote

Correct answer: prognosis

John received a prognosis of seven months to live. The word prognosis is used to describe a forecast of a probable course or an outcome of a disease.

The other answer options do not complete the sentence appropriately, as accolade means tribute or honor; legacy means bequest or relic; and antidote means cure or remedy.

151.

Which of the following is a complex sentence?

  • When I get back to work, I'm actually going to enjoy it.

  • I want to go back to work.

  • I wanted to go back to work, but I was too weak.

  • I went back to work and enjoyed it.

Correct answer: When I get back to work, I'm actually going to enjoy it.

A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. "When I get back to work" is a dependent clause, and "I'm actually going to enjoy it" is an independent clause.

152.

Read the following sentence, and select the meaning of the italicized word.

The volume of urine that the patient expelled was recorded in his medical record.

  • Amount

  • Negative

  • Transfer

  • Exact

Correct answer: Amount

The term "volume" refers to the amount of urine expelled by the patient, or space occupied by fluid.

The term "untoward" means negative. The term "transmission" means transfer. The term "strict" means exact.

153.

Karen’s nails and hair are a part of which of her body systems?

  • Integumentary system

  • Skeletal system

  • Muscular system

  • Lymphatic system

Correct answer: Integumentary system

Karen’s nails and hair are a part of her integumentary system. Skin and cutaneous glands are also principal organs of the integumentary system. The integumentary system’s principal functions are protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, and nonverbal communication.

The skeletal system is incorrect because it contains bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The muscular system is incorrect because it contains skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue. The lymphatic system is incorrect because it contains the spleen and thymus.

154.

Select the option that appropriately completes the sentence below.

One week from today, the children _______.

  • will be out of school for the summer

  • are out of school for the summer

  • is out of school for the summer

  • have been out of school for the summer

Correct answer: will be out of school for the summer

One week from today, the children will be out of school for the summer. The phrase "one week from today" places the action in the future; therefore, the future tense verb ("will be") is required.

The verbs "are" and "is" place the sentence in the present tense. The verbs "have been" place the sentence in the past tense.

155.

Which of the following statements is true related to arteries?

  • The aorta is an elastic artery

  • Muscular arteries are the largest vessels in the arterial system

  • Elastic arteries regulate blood flow by vasodilation and vasoconstriction

  • Elastic arteries control blood flow to the capillaries

Correct answer: The aorta is an elastic artery

The aorta and its major branches are elastic arteries. These vessels, not muscular arteries, are the largest in the arterial system and stretch and recoil with the pumping of the heart.

Muscular arteries, rather than elastic arteries, regulate blood flow by vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Arterioles, rather than elastic arteries, control blood flow to the capillaries.

156.

The thymus is an endocrine system gland that secretes humoral factors. What does the thymus help an individual do?

  • Develop a healthy immune system

  • Reduce stress

  • Regulate the body's water balance

  • Stimulate milk production

Correct answer: Develop a healthy immune system

The thymus helps an individual develop a healthy immune system.

The adrenocorticotropic hormone helps an individual reduce stress. The antidiuretic hormone helps regulate the body's water balance. Prolactin helps stimulate milk production.

157.

The central nervous system has a protective covering known as the meninges. Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the meninges and is also the thickest and toughest layer?

  • Dura mater

  • Arachnoid mater

  • Pia mater

  • Sensory mater

Correct answer: Dura mater

The dura mater layer of the meninges is the most superficial layer and the thickest and toughest layer. The dura mater layer is composed of collagen fibers and blood vessels that protect the central nervous system from damage.

The arachnoid mater is thinner and more delicate than the dura mater layer; it lines the inside of the dura mater. The pia mater rests on the outside of the brain and spinal cord; it is a layer of tissue that is thin and delicate. Sensory mater is incorrect, because it is not a layer of the meninges.

158.

Phagocytes in the immune system are responsible for the biological action of which of the following?

  • Consuming

  • Altering

  • Building

  • Secreting

Correct answer: Consuming

Phagocytes (phagocytosis) is the act of surrounding or consuming. A phagocyte is a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles. In cell biology, phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome.

159.

Solve the following by multiplying and reducing to the lowest common denominator.

2 1/3 x 3 =

  • 7

  • 6 1/3

  • 6 2/3

  • 7 1/3

Correct answer: 7

1. Convert 2 1/3 to improper fraction

Use this rule: a b/c = (ac+b)/c

(2×3+1)/3 × 3

2. Simplify 2×3 to 6

(6+1)/3 × 3

3. Simplify 6+1 to 7

7/3 × 3

4. Simplify

21/3

5. Simplify

7

160.

What does y equal if (6 - y) + (1 + 4y) = 43?

  • 12

  • 21

  • 11

  • 3

Correct answer: 12

1. Simplify brackets

6-y+1+4y = 43

2. Simplify 6−y+1+4y to 6+3y+1

6+3y+1 = 43

3. Simplify 6+3y+1 to 3y+7

3y+7 = 43

4. Subtract 7 from both sides

3y = 43-7

5. Simplify 43-7 to 36

3y = 36

6. Divide both sides by 3

y= 36/3

7. Simplify 36/3 to 12

y= 12

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