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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

IC RC ADC Exam Questions

Page 6 of 40

101.

Which of the following is especially characteristic of patients in the precontemplation stage?

  • Changes in thought without changes in behavior

  • Changes in behavior without changes in thought

  • Changes in thought with changes in behavior

  • Changes in thought with initial changes in behavior

Correct answer: Changes in thought without changes in behavior

Patients in the precontemplation stage have difficulty acknowledging their behavior as a problem. It is expected, and an encouraging sign, if the patient expresses changes in thought without changes in accompanying behavior. The changes to behavior will come later, when a decision has been reached about change.

102.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the harm reduction approach to abstinence? 

  • Abstinence is one of many possible goals 

  • Abstinence is not necessary in any case 

  • Abstinence is essential in early treatment 

  • Abstinence is essential throughout treatment

Correct answer: Abstinence is one of many possible goals 

The harm reduction approach to substance-use treatment does not identify abstinence from substance use as essential at any stage of treatment but as one of many possible ways to reduce the overall impact of substance use on a client's life. This is in contrast to the disease model and others, which generally call for abstinence as a condition of treatment, particularly in the early stages of recovery. 

103.

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate focus of case presentation in supervision?

  • Problem-solving and solution-oriented questions

  • Group process

  • Anecdotal sharing

  • Comparison with other cases

Correct answer: Problem-solving and solution-oriented questions

The most appropriate focus of a case presentation in clinical supervision is problem-solving and solution-oriented questions around the given case presented, rather than the group process itself, anecdotal sharing, or comparison with other cases. The case presentation should be about the case itself.

104.

Which of the following does research show is TRUE about counselors who are themselves in recovery? 

  • They endorse varied techniques and broader treatment goals 

  • Counselors who are in recovery should not provide treatment 

  • They are more rigid and intolerant of lapses and noncompliance 

  • They are less willing to entertain alternative treatment goals 

Correct answer: They endorse varied techniques and broader treatment goals 

It is common for counselors who are in recovery to counsel others who are in treatment for substance-use disorders. This is seen as an advantage in many ways, as their lived experience is a powerful asset to have in common with those seeking help. Though the assumption once was that such counselors would be more rigid and intolerant of lapses and noncompliance with treatment plans, the research indicates that counselors who are in recovery endorse a wide range of techniques and broader treatment goals.

105.

Which of the following is the most important factor in the usefulness of counselor supervisee self-assessments? 

  • The supervisee's degree of insight

  • The validity of the assessment 

  • The time commitment necessary to complete the assessment 

  • The overall environment of the work setting 

Correct answer: The supervisee's degree of insight

The main problem with self-assessment is that there is wide variability in human insight. One supervisee might accurately rate the way their work was perceived and received by a client based on a deep, honest self-appraisal, while another may lack the insight to do so and practice blame, deflection, or other defensive behavior. The validity of the assessment, the time necessary to complete it, and the work environment are all contributing factors, but lacking insight, any self-assessment is likely to be compromised and lack value. 

106.

Which of the following refers MOST specifically to the concept of needing more of a substance to achieve the same effect?

  • Tolerance

  • Cross-tolerance

  • Addiction

  • Dependence

Correct answer: Tolerance

Tolerance is the phenomenon of needing more of a substance to achieve the same effect. The concept is useful for a wide range of substances, and the psychopharmacology of use differs by user, circumstances, and substance. 

Cross-tolerance is tolerance that occurs within the same drug class. Addiction and dependence are broader concepts of problematic use. 

107.

Which of the following would NOT be used to manage withdrawal from heroin?

  • Naltrexone

  • Buprenorphine

  • Methadone

Correct answer: Naltrexone

Naltrexone would not be used to manage withdrawal from heroin, as it acts as an opiate antagonist. It cannot be started until one or two weeks after complete cessation of opioid use, making it a poor choice to manage withdrawal for that reason as well. 

Buprenorphine and methadone would both be used to manage such withdrawal symptoms.

108.

How is suicide risk different in substance-using populations?

  • Frequencies of attempts and completed suicides are substantially higher in substance-using populations

  • Frequencies of attempts and completed suicides are substantially lower in substance-using populations

  • Frequency of attempts is substantially higher in substance-using populations

  • Completed suicides are substantially higher in substance-using populations

Correct answer: Frequencies of attempts and completed suicides are substantially higher in substance-using populations 

Substance-using populations are at much greater risk than the general population when it comes to suicide. In or out of treatment, they have a substantially higher rate of suicide attempts and completed suicides than the general population, across all ages. 

109.

Ultimately, what is responsible for substance-use problems? 

  • A complex blend of factors 

  • Genetic predispositions 

  • Behavioral choices 

  • Co-existing conditions 

Correct answer: A complex blend of factors 

The exact cause of substance-use problems in individuals is still a matter of debate in clinical research, but the consensus seems to be that a person who appears with substance-use issues does so due to a complex blend of factors, including their environment, trauma, genetics, and choices. It is difficult to assign total responsibility to any one of these factors in any individual case. Though individual life choices are of great significance, they do not tell the whole etiological story. 

110.

What is the effect of cannabis on a user who experiences depression? 

  • Cannabis use tends to worsen depression in those prone to it 

  • Cannabis use tends to ameliorate depression in those prone to it 

  • Cannabis use has no demonstrated effect on depression in those prone to it

  • Cannabis use cures depression in many users 

Correct answer: Cannabis use tends to worsen depression in those prone to it 

Cannabis use, like many drug effects, is highly idiosyncratic and may be paradoxical. Though cannabis use has become far more mainstream in recent decades, research regarding the long-term negative effects is lacking. For instance, there is research to suggest that cannabis use tends to worsen depression in those prone to it. There is no explanation in the literature beyond the fact that this sometimes happens to users. 

Cannabis cannot be said to "cure" depression; owing to the variable effects of many substances, there may be some positive effects, but the literature highlights that in users who are predisposed to depression, cannabis use is likely to make depression worse.

111.

Can therapists be held legally responsible for treatment plans?

  • Yes, under some circumstances

  • No, under no circumstances

  • Yes, in all cases

  • No, unless there was a fatality

Correct answer: Yes, under some circumstances

A therapist can be held legally responsible for treatment planning if it can be shown that faults in treatment planning had a relationship to behavior that harmed someone. This is especially relevant in substance abuse treatment planning, as those involved in causing harm to others while under the influence may call into question the treatment planning regarding their substance abuse.

112.

Which of the following would NOT be indicated in treating a client in the precontemplation stage?

  • Examining the client's views of change

  • Establishing rapport

  • Exploring the pros and cons of substance use

  • Eliciting positive aspects of substance use

Correct answer: Examining the client's views of change

The precontemplation stage is when a client is not yet aware that their behavior is a problem, though others in the client's life may believe it. In this stage, the therapist sets up rapport and communication and explores the client's use in its function and dysfunction. In essence, the client is not yet ready to begin change. 

Dealing with issues of change would not be indicated when the client is not yet fully aware of the need to change.

113.

Which of the following are considered psychoactive substances? 

  • Alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and LSD

  • Alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine

  • Cannabis, cocaine, and LSD

  • Cocaine and cannabis 

Correct answer: Alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and LSD

A psychoactive substance is any substance a human being can ingest or otherwise use to acutely alter mood and mental state. Thus, the definition includes everything from alcohol (induces mood changes in idiosyncratic ways) to cannabis (alterations in mood and sensorium) to cocaine (alterations in mood and activity) and LSD (alterations in mood and sensorium). Psychoactive substances are the most prone to abuse and misuse of all substances known to man. 

114.

Which of the following is the MOST widely used central nervous system stimulant in the world?

  • Caffeine

  • Nicotine

  • Alcohol

  • Cannabis

Correct answer: Caffeine

Caffeine is the most widely used central nervous system stimulant in the world. However, unlike other such stimulants, caffeine is not associated with similar gross changes in behavior and affect. 

Nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis are not central nervous system stimulants.

115.

Which of the following are the MOST common co-occurring disorders manifested by those in substance-use treatment? 

  • Mood and anxiety disorders

  • Personality disorders 

  • Psychotic disorders 

  • Developmental disorders 

Correct answer: Mood and anxiety disorders

Among the many kinds of co-occurring disorders manifested by those who are in substance-use treatment, mood and anxiety disorders tend to predominate. Specifically, depression and chronic anxiety seem to be highly implicated in those who are experiencing substance-use issues. 

While there is some overlap among disorders, and those with personality disorders, psychotic disorders, and developmental disorders do use substances and seek treatment, the main co-occuring disorders treated in substance-use contexts are mood and anxiety disorders. 

116.

Which of the following is the accurate effect profile of MDMA?

  • Stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

  • Stimulant effects 

  • Hallucinogenic effects 

Correct answer: Stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine) is similar in chemical structure to methamphetamine and mescaline. It is a "club drug," known for its combination of hallucinogenic and stimulant effects.

117.

Which standard of confidentiality applies to supervisees and supervisors? 

  • The same as applies to patient interactions 

  • It is a matter of state law 

  • There is no common standard

  • It is decided by the relevant learning institution 

Correct answer: The same as applies to patient interactions 

The APA (1981) makes it clear that in the supervisor-supervisee relationship, the standard of confidentiality is the same as for patient interactions. Thus, all the principles of informed consent and boundaries apply. It is not a matter of state law, nor is the precedent set by learning institutions. 

118.

Which of the following does the NIAAA describe as "low-risk" drinking?

  • Two drinks a day for men, one drink a day for women

  • One drink a day for men or women

  • The NIAAA does not say there is such a thing as low-risk drinking

Correct answer: Two drinks a day for men, one drink a day for women

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines low-risk drinking as no more than two drinks a day for men and one drink a day for women.

119.

What effect do co-occurring psychiatric conditions have on relapse?

  • Co-occurring conditions often precipitate relapse

  • Co-occurring conditions have no effect on relapse

  • Co-occurring conditions decrease the risk of relapse

Correct answer: Co-occurring conditions often precipitate relapse

Co-occurring psychiatric conditions often precipitate relapse in persons with Substance-Use Disorders (SUDs) because the management of one mixes with the management of the other. In other words, if a client has an existing depression or anxiety issue that is medicated by substance use, and that substance is removed, the onset of depressive or anxious symptoms is likely to precipitate a return to the previous management strategy.

Co-occurring psychiatric disorders should be assessed, evaluated, and treated along with SUDs to forestall risks to one by the other.

120.

As a matter of professional competence, which patients should be screened for substance use disorders?

  • All of them

  • Only those who show signs and symptoms

  • Only those patients who wish it

Correct answer: All of them

Substance use is so pervasive in the culture that it would be irresponsible not to assess every patient on an ongoing basis for the presence of substance use problems. 

It is not a matter of which ones manifest more obvious signs, nor is it a matter of patient choice.

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