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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

IC RC ADC Exam Questions

Page 9 of 40

161.

Which of the following is TRUE about patients' experience of relapse?

  • There are cues and warning signs

  • It is unpredictable

  • It is expected by patients

  • Patients plan relapse scenarios

Correct answer: There are cues and warning signs

Relapse is a complex phenomenon, but it is not random and unpredictable, nor is it necessarily expected. Patients generally do not plan their relapse on a conscious level, but there are cues and warning signs that can be noticed to help prevent it.

162.

Which of the following is the fastest route of administration for opioids? 

  • Smoking 

  • Skin contact 

  • Snorting 

  • Eating 

Correct answer: Smoking 

In most cases, psychoactive drugs that are smoked or injected directly into the bloodstream via IV administration produce the fastest effect on the user. This is definitely true in the case of opioids; other methods, such as skin contact, snorting, or eating, are not as rapid.

163.

Are nonspecific treatments for substance-use disorders effective? 

  • Not according to the available research 

  • Many modalities of nonspecific treatment are effective 

  • Clients always need specific substance-use treatment 

  • Psychoanalysis alone can help many people with substance-use issues 

Correct answer: Not according to the available research 

There is no research to suggest that nonspecific substance-use treatment is effective in treating substance-use disorders. The current thinking is that when a substance-use issue is identified and current in a clinical presentation, the issue gets specific treatment regardless of whether other issues are addressed. The research that does exist suggests that specific treatment for substance-use disorders is far more effective than a general therapeutic approach that might help with any issue.

However, depending on the specific nature of the client's presentation, they may or may not need specific substance-use treatment, as people who seek treatment are highly idiosyncratic. There is no research to suggest that psychoanalysis alone would be an effective treatment for substance-use issues. 

164.

What is the purpose of a scaling question in supervision? 

  • To help a supervisee rate an aspect of supervision 

  • To help a supervisee with a specific client issue 

  • To facilitate discussion of a dysfunctional supervisory relationship 

  • To indicate a future area of growth for the supervisor 

Correct answer: To help a supervisee rate an aspect of supervision 

Scaling questions are often used in therapy; usually a counselor asks their client to rate a given phenomenon, such as their depression, on a personal scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is no depression and 10 is the worst possible depression. In much the same way, supervisors can help supervisees rate a given phenomenon on a single-occasion or serial basis by asking them to rate something, such as their confidence in providing treatment. The value of this technique both in therapy and in supervision is that it allows the client or the supervisee to define a subjective range for themselves. 

165.

Which of the following is TRUE about motivation?

  • It fluctuates in individuals

  • It is stable in individuals

  • It varies according to the drug of choice

Correct answer: It fluctuates in individuals

Motivation is a complicated phenomenon that fluctuates in individuals according to many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It is part of the therapist's role to encourage and heighten motivation. The client's own motivation to change is ultimately what dictates the success or failure of treatment. Motivation typically goes through many phases during a long treatment.

Motivation is not necessarily correlated with the person's drug of choice.

166.

In group supervision, how are group norms derived? 

  • The group decides them with supervisor guidance 

  • The supervisor assigns them at the outset of group supervision 

  • The group decides them and informs the supervisor 

  • Group norms are chosen from a resource with the help of the supervisor 

Correct answer: The group decides them with supervisor guidance 

Every group arrives at a set of norms, which is the range of acceptable behaviors, expectations, and other qualities that will define the operations of that group. The proper way for these to be derived is that the group chooses them with the supervisor's guidance, and then all participants openly agree to them. They are most often not chosen from any kind of resource, nor are they assigned by the supervisor unilaterally. 

167.

Which of the following does PAWS stand for in the context of substance use? 

  • Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome

  • Post-Action Willpower Status 

  • Present Acute Working Stress 

  • Passive Action Water Soluble

Correct answer: Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome

PAWS is an acronym that stands for Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (Gawin & Kleber, 1986), which occurs in long-term users of alcohol and other drugs who experience marked disruption in mood, affect, and memory that may last for a time after abstinence is established.

The other answer choices are fabricated terms. 

168.

In the case of persons who cannot identify positives of their use in a decisional balance analysis, what is the counselor's role?

  • Assist the client in finding positives about use 

  • Discourage positive thinking about use 

  • Abandon the decisional balance analysis 

  • Neither encourage nor discourage positive thoughts about use 

Correct answer: Assist the client in finding positives about use 

A decisional balance analysis is a tool meant to help clients deal with feelings of ambivalence about use and treatment. In such an analysis, the therapist helps a client come up with a list that includes both positive and negative aspects of use in order to help move the client to a more decisional stage about use. In cases when clients are reluctant to come up with positive aspects of use, the counselor should be ready to assist them, as this will help balance the decisional analysis for the client.

In such cases, the decisional balance analysis should not be abandoned, as it is a useful tool. When clients have positive and/or negative thoughts about use, neither should be discouraged; the more the client feels they can be transparent about their real feelings regarding use, the more effective the counseling relationship will be. 

169.

What is the position of the American Medical Association with regard to the use of benzodiazepines to treat patients suffering from alcohol-related disorders?

  • It acknowledges the risks

  • It forbids the practice

  • It encourages the practice

Correct answer: It acknowledges the risks

The American Medical Association does not prohibit or encourage the use of benzodiazepines to treat patients suffering from alcohol-related disorders. It acknowledges the risks of such a practice and urges a high degree of caution. Not all of those who are prescribed benzodiazepines have negative outcomes, but care is warranted due to the dangers.

170.

How should a counselor deal with a client's account of positive effects of drug use?

  • Encourage the discussion 

  • Prohibit such discussion 

  • Set strict limits on such discussion 

Correct answer: Encourage the discussion 

In the interest of developing a full picture of the client's use pattern and establishing open communication and rapport, it is vitally important that any and all discussion about a client's true use pattern be encouraged. Such discussion does not encourage use per se, and is valuable assessment information. 

Setting limits on such discussion or prohibiting it outright would probably inhibit further communication on the topic, which is not desirable.

171.

How is LSD generally administered? 

  • Ingestion

  • Inhalation 

  • Injection 

  • Skin contact 

Correct answer: Ingestion

LSD is usually administered through ingestion of a small tab of paper on which a small amount (50 micrograms or less) of the drug has been sprayed or dropped. The drug can be absorbed through the skin, inhaled, or injected, though these are not generally the preferred modes of entry into the body, as they seem less effective as administration mechanisms.

172.

Which of the following is NOT indicated in assessing consequences in the contemplation stage of change?

  • Discouraging the discussion of positive aspects of use

  • Encouraging the discussion of negative aspects of use

  • Encouraging the discussion of positive aspects of use

  • Encouraging the discussion of ambivalence

Correct answer: Discouraging the discussion of positive aspects of use

In keeping with the general honesty about all the aspects of use, it is important in the contemplation stage of change to fully explore and acknowledge both positive and negative aspects of use, as well as the ambivalence about change.

173.

Is leadership a viable focus of group supervision? 

  • Yes, with the proper guidance and support 

  • No, under no circumstances 

  • Yes, as long as each group member is in leadership 

  • No, unless the supervisor is a manager or leader 

Correct answer: Yes, with the proper guidance and support 

Almost any topic that can arise in treatment can be a proper focus of learning in a group supervision setting. Leadership is often discussed in group supervision, as many counselors are assigned a managerial role relatively early in their careers. Modeling and simulation exercises are valuable to help members of the group learn as much as possible from each other. 

There is no need for each group member or even the supervisor to be in leadership to benefit from such a group. 

174.

What is spun glass theory in supervision? 

  • A supervisee's overcaution with clients 

  • A supervisor's overcaution with supervisees 

  • An institutional perspective on treatment 

  • An unwillingness to believe in a client's recovery 

Correct answer: A supervisee's overcaution with clients 

Beginning supervisees and other new entrants into the counseling profession are often overcautious to an extreme with their clients. This is referred to as the spun glass theory. Beginning counselors worry that almost any action they take will harm their client. This phenomenon usually disappears with continued exposure to clients and is a worthwhile focus of supervision.

The concept does not refer to something a supervisor or an institution does, nor does it refer to any attitude toward recovery. 

175.

Why might personality disorders be overdiagnosed in substance-using clients? 

  • Chronic substance use brings about changes in personality

  • Chronic substance use clarifies personality issues 

  • Chronic substance use creates new personality traits 

  • Chronic substance use substitutes an alternate personality 

Correct answer: Chronic substance use brings about changes in personality

One major challenge facing diagnosticians and clinicians working with substance-using clients is to determine the relationship between personality disorder and the chronic use of substances. Perhaps the most correct overall statement in this regard is that chronic substance use brings about changes in personality, so in a given individual, behaviors and traits such as breaking the law, risk-taking, impulsivity, lack of concern for others, and manipulation could be native antisocial personality disorder, a manifestation of sequelae of chronic drug use, or both. While personalities change in chronic use, it is not really true to say that a new personality is formed, that the personality issues are in any way clarified, or that a whole alternate personality is inserted. 

176.

Which of the following is the BEST way to describe self-medication in a substance user?

  • A mitigation of negative affective states

  • A response to specific trauma

  • A pattern of self-soothing

Correct answer: A mitigation of negative affective states

Self-medication in terms of substance use is the way in which the user mitigates negative affective states such as depression and anxiety. The internal state is intolerable, so the client uses to numb or delay thoughts or feelings that cause distress. 

It may or may not refer to a specific trauma. Self-soothing is not a specific enough description.

177.

Which of the following BEST describes an inordinate amount of time trying to obtain and use substances?

  • Dependence

  • Abuse

  • Binge use

Correct answer: Dependence

Dependence describes the pattern of use wherein a person spends an inordinate amount of time trying to obtain and use their substance of choice.

Abuse has more to do with experiencing disturbances in functioning due to their substance use. Binge use is a somewhat random pattern of heavy individual doses of a substance.

178.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes treatment in severely addicted persons? 

  • Treatment of severely addicted persons can be reasonably effective 

  • Severely addicted persons rarely benefit from treatment 

  • Severely addicted persons can be treated as effectively as others 

  • Treatment of severely addicted persons tends to be more effective than treatment of other populations 

Correct answer: Treatment of severely addicted persons can be reasonably effective 

Though it was long believed that severely addicted persons were virtually untreatable due to the severity of their problem, it has now been shown that those with severe substance-use problems can expect reasonable recovery if the substance-use issue is effectively dealt with alongside specific risk factors for the client. As with all mental health and substance-use issues, the real effectiveness of recovery depends in many ways on the client's determination to adhere to a plan of care. 

The treatment of severely addicted persons differs from treatment of those with less acute problems (severity of consequences, for example), but in both contexts, recovery is possible. 

179.

What do psychoactive substances of abuse all have in common?

  • They all produce desirable effects 

  • They are all physiologically addicting 

  • They are all related to immediate jeopardy to physical health 

Correct answer: They all produce desirable effects 

At least in the mind of the user, all psychoactive substances have one thing in common, which is that they provide some kind of desirable effect for the user. This effect may vary from substance to substance, but there is always a reinforcing reason to use, based on the effects of the substance itself.

All such substances are not physiologically addictive, and only a few are related to immediate jeopardy to physical health. 

180.

At what interval does a person generally experience the peak effects of cocaine?

  • 30-60 minutes

  • 20-40 minutes

  • 10-20 minutes

  • Immediately

Correct answer: 30-60 minutes

A person generally experiences the peak effects of cocaine at about 30-60 minutes after ingestion. This makes cocaine one of the drugs with the shortest amount of acute effects relative to its consequences.

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