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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

NBCC NCE Exam Questions

Page 9 of 43

161.

As counselors are beginning to work with multicultural clients, they may need to do which of the following in order to develop an effective therapeutic relationship?

  • Share more personal information with multicultural clients than they might with white clients

  • Be much more formal with multicultural clients than they would be with white clients

  • Emphasize the meaning of confidentiality and understand that multicultural clients are more sensitive than white clients to counselors speaking with family members or religious leaders

  • Be sensitive to the amount of small talk that occurs between counselor and client, as multicultural clients will think this approach is unprofessional

Correct answer: Share more personal information with multicultural clients than they might with white clients

Multicultural counseling aims to pay close attention to (and provide interventions that are in accordance with) the client's cultural beliefs, norms, and values. In order to be most effective with multicultural clients, counselors may need to be more deliberate about forming a positive rapport with the client by engaging in more small talk and sharing more personal information than they might with white clients.

162.

In the adolescent years and later, what factor is most important when determining which occupation is selected?

  • Self-awareness

  • Gender roles

  • Social valuation

  • Intelligence level

Correct answer: Self-awareness

Linda Gottfredson, known for her career development theory "Circumscription and Compromise," posits that vocational self-concept develops in childhood and influences occupational selection. While various tasks are typically completed before the age of 14, in the teenage years, and later, self-awareness of one's unique characteristics helps determine occupational selection. Orientation to sex and gender roles and social valuation typically occur in latency and preadolescent years.

163.

Which of the following is true about the difference between neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders? 

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders typically begin in childhood, while neurocognitive disorders can be more prevalent later 

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders typically begin in later life, while neurocognitive disorders can be more prevalent in childhood 

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders typically are diagnosed by counselors, while neurocognitive disorders are typically diagnosed by physicians 

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders typically are diagnosed by physicians, while neurocognitive disorders are typically diagnosed by counselors 

Correct answer: Neurodevelopmental disorders typically begin in childhood, while neurocognitive disorders can be more prevalent later 

Neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders have in common that they may be diagnosed by a physician, and the formal diagnosis will most likely call for a medical professional. Neurodevelopmental disorders typically begin and are diagnosed in childhood, while neurocognitive disorders can be more observable and more prevalent later in life. 

164.

Who is ultimately in charge of what constitutes privileged communication? 

  • It is a matter of state law

  • It is a matter of civic jurisdiction

  • It is a matter of federal law 

  • It is a matter of professional code 

Correct answer: It is a matter of state law

Although there are multiple layers of confidentiality, and all must be considered in practice, this is usually considered to be a matter of state law. Federal laws (such as HIPAA) are also applicable, as well as professional or local standards. 

It is part of a professional's competence to know all of the prevailing codes concerning privileged communication and be able to explain these to patients.

165.

According to the Global Scale for Rating Helper Responses, which of the following would be considered the worst score? 

  • 1.0

  • 2.0

  • 3.0

  • 4.0

Correct answer: 1.0

The Global Scale for Rating Helper Responses was designed to assess counselor skills and point out directions in which they could be built. This scale is scored from 1.0 to 5.0, with 1 indicating that a counselor is non-empathic, scolding, and otherwise not attending to a client's needs, and 5.0 indicating a full understanding of all levels of client needs and an ability to facilitate growth. 

166.

Which of the following medications would be most likely used to address psychosis? 

  • Abilify

  • Paxil

  • Lithium

  • Xanax

Correct answer: Abilify

Abilify (aripiprazole) is an antipsychotic often used to address psychosis and treat schizophrenia.

Paxil would more likely be used to treat panic. Lithium is a standard frontline medication for bipolar disorder. Xanax is often used to treat anxiety. 

167.

Marriage rates in America have declined over the past few decades. All the following are reasons for this decline, except:

  • Decreased tax benefits for being married

  • Increased numbers of cohabitations

  • Increased age of first marriage

  • Increased societal acceptance of children born out of wedlock

Correct answer: Decreased tax benefits for being married

Over the past few decades, marriage rates have decreased for several reasons. More couples are now cohabiting instead of or before getting married. Cohabitation also leads to increased age of first marriage and a higher number of children born out of wedlock. Currently, over 40 percent of all children are born to unmarried women.

There are still tax benefits for couples who are married.

168.

A counselor is meeting with a client who struggles with chronic substance abuse and depression. The client regularly shares that he feels left out and expresses his belief that life is unfair.

According to Adlerian theory, this client is most likely to be a(n):

  • Middle child

  • Oldest child

  • Second child

  • Twin

Correct answer: Middle child

Alfred Adler's work focused significantly on birth order and family constellation. According to Adler, birth order affects individuals' psychological environments and affects the child's unique experience.

The eldest child tends to get a lot of attention, is hard-working and dependable, and fears losing love when a sibling comes along.

Middle children see themselves in competition with the older sibling(s), may view life as unfair, and often feel left out.

The youngest child often tends to go their own way and is influenced by all other siblings.

Individuals who are only children have difficulty cooperating, often handle adult interactions well, and want to be the center of attention.

169.

It is common for individuals living near each other, such as those residing in the same neighborhood or area of a city, to form romantic relationships with each other. This phenomenon is known as:

  • propinquity

  • prevalence

  • comorbidity

  • etiology

Correct answer: propinquity

Propinquity is often one of the main factors leading to romantic attraction between individuals. It refers to the proximity between people who live or work near each other. The propinquity effect, therefore, is the tendency for people to form relationships with others they encounter often.

170.

A career counselor usually assists clients by identifying their career-related needs problem components, formulating courses of action, prioritizing these actions, and developing plans for implementation. This counselor's approach is based on which concept?

  • Cognitive information processing

  • Social valuation

  • Social cognitive theory

  • Psychosocial development

Correct answer: Cognitive information processing

Cognitive information processing was presented by Reardon, Lenz, Sampson, and Peterson (2008) as a way of approaching career problems by using a sequential procedure called CASVE. This procedure uses the skills of communication, analysis, synthesis, valuing, and execution. 

171.

Would dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) be considered an appropriate treatment for suicidal clients? Why or why not?

  • Yes, as DBT helps with controlling suicidal ideation 

  • No, as DBT is only designed for those with borderline personality disorder

  • Yes, as DBT was designed for suicidal clients

  • No, as DBT does not address inner thought patterns that lead to suicide

Correct answer: Yes, as DBT helps with controlling suicidal ideation 

Marsha Linehan's dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a mindfulness-focused treatment strategy that was first designed for use with persons diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. However, it is helpful for other conditions due to its focus on inner thought patterns and control of impulses with skill-building strategies. 

DBT does help suicidal clients with various aspects of their condition, including suicidal ideation. 

172.

Which of the following is the goal of Gestalt therapy? 

  • To help individuals in therapy become whole beings

  • To help individuals in therapy deal with past trauma

  • To help individuals in therapy progress to self-actualization

  • To help individuals in therapy repair dysfunctional relationships 

Correct answer: To help individuals in therapy become whole beings

Fritz Perls' Gestalt therapy comes from existential ideas about genuineness, personal congruence, and responsibility. The goal of Gestalt therapy is to help individuals in therapy become whole (gestalt) beings and reduce the fractionation of identity and personality as they get their needs met in the environment. 

The goal of Gestalt therapy is not to help individuals in therapy deal with past trauma, progress to self-actualization, or repair dysfunctional relationships. 

173.

Which of the following would be characteristic of someone in the precontemplation stage of change? 

  • Someone who does not believe they need therapy 

  • Someone who is not sure whether they need therapy

  • Someone who has scheduled a therapy appointment 

  • Someone who has been going to therapy for six months 

Correct answer: Someone who does not believe they need therapy 

According to the work of Prochaska, change can be described as going through stepwise, discrete stages. In the first, precontemplation, the person likely does not see the need for change; thus, a person who does not believe they need therapy would most closely match this stage.

A person who is not sure about therapy would be in the next stage, contemplation. Preparation characterizes someone who is generating ideas about change. Someone who has scheduled a therapy appointment would be in the action phase, and someone who has been going to therapy would be in the maintenance stage of change. 

174.

What psychologist published Counseling and Psychotherapy in 1942? 

  • Carl Rogers

  • Sigmund Freud

  • Irvin Yalom

  • Gilbert Wrenn

Correct answer: Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers was a psychologist most well-known for his client-centered approach to psychotherapy. In his second book, Counseling and Psychotherapy, Rogers suggests that the client can resolve problems and gain insight into life struggles through a relationship with an empathetic, accepting therapist.

175.

Sometimes research must be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). Which of the following studies definitely requires IRB approval?

  • A study that receives a portion of its funding from federal sources

  • A study that is completely supported by private funds

  • A study that uses a combination of animal and human subjects

  • A study that includes minors under the age of 18 as participants

Correct answer: A study that receives a portion of its funding from federal sources

When a research study is funded partly or fully by federal sources, it must be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), sometimes known as a Human Subjects Committee. The duty of the IRB is to review the study's methods to ensure they are ethical.

176.

What is the best way for a counselor to screen potential group members?

  • Conduct face-to-face interviews of potential clients to assess for motivation and certain characteristics

  • Conduct conference calls where the counselor can explain the purpose of the group to many people at once

  • Send out a mass email listing criteria for group membership and the dates and times of group meetings

  • At the first group session, the counselor should speak with each individual in front of the group to determine whether that person is a good fit

Correct answer: Conduct face-to-face interviews of potential clients to assess for motivation and certain characteristics

When leading groups, counselors must carefully spend time screening group members to ensure a proper and appropriate fit. Typically, screening is done during a face-to-face interview, when the goals and purpose of the group are discussed. Counselors should pay attention to cognitive functioning, personalities, backgrounds, and potential group members' own goals as they work to form a cohesive group that will work well together. 

Conference calls eliminate the opportunity to speak individually with each potential group member, as does mass email communication. The counselor should speak with each group member before the group begins, not at the first group session. 

177.

Which of the following would a treatment plan be expected to do, at a minimum? 

  • Help an individual resolve problems for better functioning and move to a less restrictive environment

  • Provide a working plan for a patient's functioning once the episode of care is complete 

  • Document historical data that are significant to the patient's current presentation 

  • Direct care professionals as to how to interact with a patient 

Correct answer: Help an individual resolve problems for better functioning and move to a less restrictive environment

Though individual types of treatment plans vary widely across settings, the essential purpose of a treatment plan is to resolve current problems for better functioning and to provide a way for an individual to move to a less restrictive environment. The most formal and scrutinized treatment plans are usually performed at the inpatient level, where reaching goals is a means to less confined care. 

A treatment plan is meant to address the goals of the episode of care itself, not what happens afterward. It may or may not contain some relevant historical data, but it is more a plan of action than a history. It will do more than direct staff behavior toward a patient. 

178.

All of the following are advantages of computer-based assessments except:

  • computer equipment is inexpensive to purchase

  • scoring and administration are standardized

  • results can be immediately available

  • results profiles can be easily generated

Correct answer: computer equipment is inexpensive to purchase

In today's world, many assessments and tests are completed on the computer. Overall, this is helpful because assessments can be scored immediately and results can be available to test takers quickly. Computer-based assessments remove the possibility of scoring errors, and reports can be generated easily. One disadvantage to computer-based assessments is the cost of computer equipment, software, repairs, and maintenance.

179.

Which of the following is an example of a class-bound value?

  • A counselor expects clients to adhere to weekly 50-minute sessions

  • A counselor focuses her interventions on the individual client

  • A counselor encourages her clients to be emotionally expressive

  • A counselor places emphasis on verbal communication during sessions

Correct answer: A counselor expects clients to adhere to weekly 50-minute sessions

Class-bound values refer to characteristics that are more closely tied to social class than other factors. These can include the adherence to a 50-minute session, rather than allotting as much or as little time as the client needs; an unstructured approach to problems; and the seeking of long-range goals. Culture-bound values, by contrast, refer to the degree of openness and intimacy expressed during counseling sessions, the communication patterns that are defined within the session, and the emphasis on verbal and emotional expressiveness.

180.

An individual wants to quit smoking, but has found it difficult to do so for an extended period of time. What type of group is the best option to help this individual reach their goal?

  • Behavioral counseling

  • Transactional analysis

  • Rational emotive behavior counseling

  • Gestalt theory

Correct answer: Behavioral counseling

Behavioral counseling groups are typically led by a counselor who is directive and goal-oriented. The main purpose of these groups is to extinguish unwanted behaviors (such as smoking) by using behavioral modification techniques such as reinforcement and extinction. The other answer choices refer to group approaches that are more involved and intense than behavioral counseling, and they often focus on improved relationships and emotional functioning, which is not what the individual in the question is seeking.

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