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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

NREMT EMR Exam Questions

Page 10 of 25

181.

What can a patient develop if they have an infection that goes untreated or is not responding to treatment?

  • Sepsis

  • Ketoacidosis

  • Miosis

  • Asepsis

Correct answer: Sepsis

If a patient has an infection that goes untreated or does not respond to treatment, they can develop sepsis, which is a life-threatening complication. Sepsis occurs when chemicals released in the blood to fight infection trigger inflammation throughout the body. Multiple body organs and body systems are damaged and experience failure. 

Ketoacidosis occurs when the body produces excess blood acids (ketones) and is a serious diabetes complication.

Miosis is the term for an excessive constriction of the pupil.

Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing microorganisms.

182.

When referring to how injuries occur, EMRs are taught to look for the MOI. What does MOI mean?

  • Mechanism of injury

  • Mechanics of injury

  • Mechanism of illness

  • Mechanism of impact

Correct answer: Mechanism of injury

The MOI is the mechanism of injury, which is the force or forces that cause injury when applied to the human body. 

There are three types of MOI that can cause musculoskeletal injuries, which are direct force, indirect force, and twisting force. Direct force is when an object directly strikes a person, such as a car hitting a pedestrian. Indirect force is when a person falls onto their shoulder and the energy is transferred to their collarbone, fracturing the bone. An example of twisting force is when a football player is tackled as they are turning. As their leg twists, the knee sustains a severe injury.

183.

A 5-year-old male has a partial airway obstruction after swallowing a piece of hard candy. He is able to pass air around the object, but it is not visible in the mouth or throat and cannot be removed.

During transport to the emergency department, how will you provide supplemental oxygen?

  • Hold an oxygen mask 1-2 inches away from the patient's face

  • Place an oxygen mask over the patient's face with an airtight seal

  • Place a nasal cannula on the patient

  • Place an oxygen mask over the patient's face but do not pull the straps snug 

Correct answer: Hold an oxygen mask 1-2 inches away from the patient's face

Children with a partial airway obstruction need to be reassured and kept calm. The recommended method to provide supplemental oxygen is to hold an oxygen mask 1-2 inches away from the patient's face. This method provides supplemental oxygen but does not frighten the child as much as an airtight seal may.

A nasal cannula is not the preferred way to give supplemental oxygen, as it only provides a low-flow concentration of oxygen. High-flow oxygen is preferred.

Placing a mask directly on the child, even if the straps are not tightened, can cause them to be frightened and make the partial airway obstruction a complete airway obstruction.

184.

When CPR is performed on infants and children, when is the AED applied if available?

  • After 5 cycles of CPR 

  • As soon as it is available

  • After 1 cycle of CPR

  • Avoid defibrillating infants and children

Correct answer: After 5 cycles of CPR 

Since cardiac arrest is often due to respiratory arrest in infants and children, 5 cycles of CPR should be performed before applying an AED. CPR circulates blood throughout the body and provides artificial ventilation.

Do not apply an AED until 5 cycles of CPR have been completed.

One cycle of CPR is not sufficient before AED application.

You can defibrillate infants and children.

185.

Within the last 20 years, clot-busting drugs and non-surgical interventions have been important advances in treating patients who are experiencing a heart attack.

What does the non-surgical intervention called PCI represent?

  • Percutaneous coronary intervention

  • Percutaneous carotid intervention

  • Profound coronary intervention

  • Preventative coronary intervention

Correct answer: Percutaneous coronary intervention

PCI stands for percutaneous coronary intervention. Formerly known as angioplasty with stent, PCI uses a thin flexible tube that places a small structure called a stent to open narrowed blood vessels. This procedure can often open blocked coronary arteries and prevent the need for painful and costly surgery. This treatment is most effective when administered as soon as possible after the onset of the heart attack symptoms. Quickly identifying the possibility of a heart attack is the first step to ensuring a positive outcome for the patient.

186.

Which of the following is not an advantage of using helicopters for emergency operations?

  • They can fly in all types of weather.

  • They can fly above traffic congestion.

  • They can fly into wilderness regions.

  • They can fly into inaccessible areas.

Correct answer: They can fly in all types of weather.

Helicopters can fly above traffic congestion, and they can fly into the wilderness and other inaccessible areas. However, they cannot fly in all types of weather. Helicopters are limited by bad weather such as thunderstorms and blizzards, high wind conditions, and freezing rain.

187.

Which of the following medications given by EMS has the greatest effect on the survival of a heart attack?

  • Aspirin

  • Ibuprofen

  • Tylenol

  • Aleve

Correct answer: Aspirin

According to American Heart Association research, aspirin is the most significant medication that is administered in the pre-hospital environment that impacts heart attack survival. Aspirin is a blood thinner that can help prevent blood clots from forming. If a patient is having chest pain, taking aspirin can help prevent platelets from sticking together and forming a clot.

Ibuprofen does not have the same blood-thinning properties that aspirin does. Ibuprofen is an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for pain relief. It is not recommended for preventing a heart attack.

Tylenol and aspirin belong to different drug classes. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug like ibuprofen, while Tylenol is a pain reliever and fever reducer. Tylenol does not have blood-thinning properties like aspirin and is not recommended for chest pain.

Aleve is also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that provides temporary relief from minor aches and pains and can temporarily reduce fevers. It does not share aspirin's blood-thinning properties.

188.

You are called to a private residence for an unconscious male who was found by his neighbor. Upon your arrival, the patient is lying on his back, cold and unresponsive, with a reddish-purple distribution on his buttocks, legs, and back. The neighbor last saw the patient 12 hours ago.

What is the reddish-purple coloring in an unresponsive patient called?

  • Dependent lividity

  • Rigor mortis

  • Decomposition

  • Gangrene

Correct answer: Dependent lividity

When a patient has been dead for several hours, they will develop dependent lividity in the tissues closest to the ground. The reddish-purple coloring is caused by blood seeping into the tissues that are dependent (i.e., lower).

Rigor mortis is the temporary stiffening of a patient's muscles that occurs several hours after death.

Decomposition is the decay of a patient's tissues after they have been dead for at least one day.

Gangrene is the death of tissues caused by an infection or lack of blood flow. It causes skin discoloration, which is often black or green.

189.

Which chamber of the heart receives highly oxygenated blood from the lungs?

  • Left atrium

  • Left ventricle

  • Right atrium

  • Right ventricle

Correct answer: Left atrium

The left atrium is the chamber of the heart that receives highly oxygenated blood from the lungs. The left ventricle takes this highly oxygenated blood and pumps it throughout the body. 

The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins. Next, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where the gas exchange can occur and oxygenated blood can be pumped to the left atrium.

190.

When using an automated external defibrillator (AED) on an adult patient in cardiac arrest, how often should you reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm?

  • After five cycles of CPR

  • After one cycle of CPR

  • After two cycles of CPR

  • After four cycles of CPR

Correct answer: After five cycles of CPR

If a patient is attached to an AED during CPR, reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm after five cycles of CPR, which is approximately every 2 minutes. Two-rescuer CPR switches positions after five cycles. Reanalyzing the rhythm should take no longer than 10 seconds to clear the patient and push the analyze button. If no shock is indicated, resume CPR starting with compressions. After five cycles, reanalyze the cardiac rhythm.

Do not reanalyze the rhythm after one, two, or four cycles of CPR. 

191.

What are the two classifications of head injuries?

  • Open or closed

  • Severe or mild

  • Traumatic or non-traumatic

  • Minor or major

Correct answer: Open or closed

Injuries to the head are classified as open or closed. An open head injury occurs when an object hits the head forcefully enough to penetrate the skull. In severe cases of open head injury, brain tissue or bone may be visible. 

In a closed head injury, bleeding and swelling within the skull may increase pressure on the brain, leading to irreversible brain damage and death if this pressure is not relieved. Examine the nose, eyes, and the wound to see if any blood or CSF is seeping. 

192.

The signs and symptoms of snakebites are similar across most snake species. However, there is one venomous snake in the United States whose venom is slightly different.

Which snake can produce additional signs and symptoms if a person is bitten?

  • A coral snake

  • A rattlesnake

  • A cottonmouth

  • A copperhead

Correct answer: A coral snake

The bite of a coral snake delivers a slightly different venom and can cause additional complications. The signs and symptoms of snakebites include immediate pain at the bite site, tenderness and swelling around the bite, fainting, sweating, nausea and vomiting, and shock. A coral snakebite causes respiratory difficulties, slurred speech, paralysis, seizures, and coma.

Bites by a rattlesnake, cottonmouth, or copperhead will have typical signs and symptoms.

193.

What should EMRs assume about every vehicle that has been involved in a crash?

  • Every vehicle is unstable unless stabilization has been confirmed

  • Every vehicle is stable unless confirmed otherwise

  • Every vehicle will require the battery cables to be cut

  • All airbags will deploy in a high-speed crash

Correct answer: Every vehicle is unstable unless stabilization has been confirmed

EMRs should assume that every vehicle that has been involved in a crash is unstable unless stabilization has been confirmed. Even if the vehicle is upright, until the wheels have been chocked or the ignition turned off and the parking brake set, the vehicle is considered unstable.

Cutting battery cables is not recommended unless there is no other way to disconnect the battery. Not all airbags will deploy in a high-speed crash. Be aware of undeployed airbags in a crashed vehicle, as they pose a risk to responders and patients. 

194.

You and your partner are working as law enforcement officers, and you have recently been certified as an EMR. A college student is doing a ride-along because they are thinking of joining the police academy. You receive a call from dispatch for an assault on a 63-year-old female in a supermarket parking lot. Dispatch advises that the patient has trauma to her head, neck, and scapula after being pushed backward and falling onto the pavement. The suspect has left the scene, and an ambulance is en route. As you are responding, your ride-along asks you what body part the scapula is.

What is the scapula?

  • Shoulder blade

  • Collarbone

  • Upper arm

  • Elbow

Correct answer: Shoulder blade

The scapula is the shoulder blade, which is a large triangular-shaped bone in the upper back. The scapula is surrounded by a system of muscles that move the arm.

The collarbone (clavicle) connects the arm with the rest of the skeleton. It allows for movement of the shoulder away from the body.

The upper arm is called the humerus, which is the long bone of the upper arm.

The elbow is the joint between the forearm and the upper arm where the arm bends.

195.

After a pregnant patient has delivered a newborn, the placenta will be delivered. Usually, bleeding will stop after the placenta is delivered. If the bleeding does not stop, you may need to provide assistance and massage the uterus until it becomes firm. 

As the uterus firms, what size should it be?

  • The size of a softball

  • The size of a basketball

  • The size of a tennis ball

  • The size of a football

Correct answer: The size of a softball

If the bleeding does not stop after the placenta is delivered, massage the uterus to help stop the bleeding. As the uterus firms during massage, it should feel about the size of a softball or large grapefruit. The process takes about 3 to 5 minutes.

The uterus will not feel like the size of a basketball, tennis ball, or football.

196.

If a patient is exhibiting signs and symptoms of a heart attack, what is the recommended adult dose of aspirin to administer?

  • One 325 mg aspirin

  • Two 325 mg aspirins

  • One 625 mg aspirin

  • Two 625 mg aspirins

Correct answer: One 325 mg aspirin

For a patient exhibiting signs and symptoms of a heart attack, the recommended adult dose is a single 325 mg aspirin. Aspirin is recommended because it may reduce the chance of dying from an attack. Aspirin is a blood thinner and can assist in dissolving a blood clot that is forming in a cardiac artery. 

Before instructing the patient to take the aspirin, make sure the patient is not allergic to aspirin and has not had any recent internal bleeding. If the patient is not allergic to aspirin and has not had any recent internal bleeding, the patient should be instructed to chew the aspirin and then swallow it so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream rapidly.

Any aspirin dosage higher than 325 mg is not recommended. As always, follow county protocols regarding assisting a patient with medication.

197.

What is the most common route EMRs administer naloxone in a suspected opioid overdose?

  • Spraying it in the patient's nostrils

  • Spraying it in the patient's mouth

  • Administering subcutaneously

  • Administering intravenously

Correct answer: Spraying it in the patient's nostrils

If local protocols allow you to administer naloxone in a suspected opioid overdose, the most common route is by spraying it in the patient's nostrils. This route is called intranasal administration, and it is effective in reversing opioid effects as the mucous membranes absorb the medication.

Spraying naloxone in the patient's mouth can also be effective. However, EMRs are trained to use naloxone as a nasal spray or an auto-injector.

Paramedics can administer naloxone subcutaneously and intravenously, but these methods are outside of an EMR's scope of practice.

198.

When a patient is having a heart attack, which arteries are blocked?

  • Coronary arteries

  • Pulmonary arteries

  • Carotid arteries

  • Femoral arteries

Correct answer: Coronary arteries

When a patient is having a heart attack, one or more of the coronary arteries are blocked. The blockage can be caused by fatty buildup in the arteries or a blood clot that becomes loose and lodges in the coronary artery. A heart attack (also called a myocardial infarction or MI) occurs when there is a lack of oxygen flowing to the heart muscle. The medical term "coronary" means something affecting the heart.

The pulmonary arteries carry blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. In medical terminology, the word “pulmonary” means something that affects the lungs. 

The carotid arteries supply blood and oxygen to the neck, brain, and face. The femoral arteries supply blood and oxygen to the lower extremities.

199.

In an emergency involving flash floods, at what water level will most vehicles float?

  • One foot deep

  • Two feet deep

  • Three feet deep

  • Six inches deep

Correct answer: One foot deep

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), during a flash flood, a foot of water will float most vehicles. It is important for emergency personnel to understand the depth of water needed to float most vehicles to ensure safety while responding to emergencies during a flash flood.

Vehicles will definitely float in two to three feet but not in six inches of water.

200.

While working as an EMR at a sports event, you are called to the stands for a female with shortness of breath. When you arrive, you find a 50-year-old female complaining of shortness of breath for the past 10 minutes, with a history of cardiac problems. You place a non-rebreather mask on her before taking her vital signs.

How many liters per minute of oxygen should you provide?

  • 10-15 liters per minute

  • 5-10 liters per minute

  • 4-6 liters per minute

  • 15-20 liters per minute

Correct answer: 10-15 liters per minute

A non-rebreather mask can deliver concentrations of oxygen as high as 90%. Once you explain the procedure and fill the reservoir bag, place the mask on the patient. Oxygen is stored in the reservoir bag, and when the patient inhales, oxygen is drawn from the reservoir bag. When the patient exhales, the air is let out through one-way valves on the side of the mask.

Any flow below 10-15 liters per minute will collapse the reservoir bag and will not provide an adequate supply of oxygen.

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