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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

NSCA CSPS Exam Questions

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21.

What are the recommendations for resistance training for a client with low back pain?

  • 1-2 days per week; 2-4 sets; 8-12 repetitions

  • 2-3 days per week; 1-3 sets; 4-7 repetitions

  • 3-4 days per week; 3-5 sets; 12-15 repetitions

Correct answer: 1-2 days per week; 2-4 sets; 8-12 repetitions

For a client with low back pain (LBP), the goal is to use resistance training to improve overall muscular strength and endurance with a focus on the abdominal and lumbar extensor strength. Here are the acute variables to use when designing a strength training program for someone with LBP:

  • 2 to 4 sets (one set if the client is sedentary or low in conditioning)
  • 8 to 12 repetitions per exercise at an initial light to moderate intensity
  • 1 or 2 times per week

22.

Which of the following should all clients with known cardiovascular diseases, such as peripheral arterial disease, do before beginning an exercise program?

  • Obtain a medical clearance

  • Perform a endurance fitness test

  • Obtain an informed consent form

Correct answer: Obtain a medical clearance

A medical clearance should be obtained by all clients with known cardiovascular diseases, such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD), before starting an exercise program. Furthermore, clients with PAD, regardless of symptom severity, should undergo exercise testing before starting with a new exercise program.

These precautions are necessary and they help the personal trainer to identify the following:

  • Level of exercise that brings about symptoms related to the condition such as the onset of pain
  • Postexercise ankle pressure
  • Exercise prescription baseline information
  • Presence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)

23.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a resistance training exercise program for a client with prior myocardial infarction?

  • 2-3 days per week / 40-80% 1RM / 1 set / 10-15 reps / ≤ 30 sec rest

  • 2-3 days per week / 40-60% 1RM / 1-2 sets / 8-12 reps / 60+ sec rest

  • 3-5 days per week / 80-90% 1RM / 5 sets / 3-7 reps / 90+ sec rest

Correct answer: 2-3 days per week / 40-80% 1RM / 1 set / 10-15 reps / ≤ 30 sec rest

If you are working with a client with prior myocardial infarction, the following acute variables are recommended for a resistance training exercise program:

  • 2-3 days per week
  • 8-10 exercises
  • Light intensity: 40-80% 1RM
  • 1 set per exercise in circuit format
  • 10-15 repetitions
  • Resting period: ≤ 30 seconds

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

24.

You are designing an exercise program for a client who has hemophilia. What is the most important thing to consider?

  • Risk of joint damage and limits on range of motion

  • Post-exertional malaise

  • Side effects from medication

Correct answer: Risk of joint damage and limits on range of motion

The most important thing to consider when designing an exercise program for a client who has hemophilia is how your recommendations will impact the risk of joint damage and limits on range of motion.

With any type of exercise—aerobic, resistance, or flexibility—it is important to provide numerous exercise options for people with hemophilia based on their capabilities.

25.

What is the recommended percentage that you should increase resistance as an adolescent client progresses in the training program?

  • 5% to 10%

  • 10% to 15%

  • 15% to 20%

Correct answer: 5% to 10%

As the performance of an adolescent client improves, the trainer should look into increasing the resistance in a responsible and appropriate way. In general, it is recommended to increase resistance by 5% to 10% of the current resistance load. 

The personal trainer should stress to the youth client the dangers of increasing resistance or overall volume too much too quickly.

26.

Which of the following is described as an aching or cramping feeling in the legs, calf, or buttocks induced by exercise?

  • Intermittent claudication

  • Peripheral arterial disease

  • Hypertension

Correct answer: Intermittent claudication

An aching or cramping feeling in the legs, calf, or buttocks (or more than one of these) that is brought on during exercise is known as intermittent claudication (IC). A classic symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), intermittent claudication is caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscles of the lower extremities. The fastest way to alleviate IC is with taking the weight off of the legs and resting.

27.

Which three health risks make up the female athlete triad?

  • Disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and loss of bone mass

  • Weight gain, increased body hair growth, and unusual muscle soreness

  • Rhabdomyolysis, high red blood cell count, and weight gain

Correct answer: Disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and loss of bone mass

The health risks of the female athlete triad exist among the interrelationships between energy availability, menstrual function, and bone function. When one of these areas are not cared for properly, health complications can manifest in the form of eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction (amenorrhea), and loss of bone mass (osteoporosis).

28.

What is the optimal strategy for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for individuals who are obese?

  • Combination of exercise and calorie restriction

  • Combination of FDA-approved medication and calorie restriction

  • Combination of high-intensity exercise and low-intensity (steady state) exercise

Correct answer: Combination of exercise and calorie restriction

The optimal strategy for weight loss and prevention of weight regain, as defined by NSCA, is a combination of exercise and calorie restriction. By combining these two elements, the goal is to create a daily negative caloric balance. Each item on its own will produce some of the desired effect, but it is rare that either food restriction or increased physical activity alone can produce significant long-term weight loss for obese clients.

There is an FDA-approved medication for weight loss, but the client should discuss this with his or her physician.

29.

A client who has cancer often reports cases of severe cachexia. Which of the following activities is going to be ideal for her?

  • Focus on daily living tasks

  • Focus on aerobic exercise only

  • Focus on resistance training only

Correct answer: Focus on daily living tasks

When a client has severe cachexia, it is recommended to avoid all types of exercise. With that said, have the client focus on activities of daily living. Make sure she is not engaging in sedentary behavior during the day as much as possible in order to avoid potential catabolic processes.

30.

Which of the following is the primary cause of low quality of life in those individuals with sickle cell disease?

  • Sleep disorders

  • High blood pressure

  • Bone loss

Correct answer: Sleep disorders

The cause of low quality of life conditions associated with sickle cell disease is due to sleep disorders. Insufficient peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SPO2) prevents individuals with sickle cell disease from getting restful sleep. This results in low cognitive function and impaired attention. Supplementary oxygen can be beneficial in helping to improve sleep and raise low SPO2 levels.

31.

What level of severity of postural distortion is acceptable to train?

  • Mild (or less) severity

  • Moderately extreme severity

  • Extreme severity 

Correct answer: Mild (or less) severity

To treat or manage certain postural conditions, exercise is often prescribed. With that said, only a certain level of severity is appropriate to train as an exercise instructor. If you have a client who has more than a mild severity of any postural condition, you must refer them to a physician or other health care professional for treatment, including corrective exercise programming.

32.

What is a new term that identifies reduced levels of physical activity inconsistent with public health recommendations?

  • Exercise-deficit disorder

  • Physical activity-deficit disorder

  • Hypo-activity disorder

Correct answer: Exercise-deficit disorder

Exercise-deficit disorder (EDD) is a new term in medical literature that identifies reduced levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. These levels are inconsistent with public health recommendations. This new term has been created in the attempt to raise public awareness for this health care concern. 

Once a youth is identified as not meeting daily recommendations for MVPA, the personal trainer must implement strategies to prevent the upsurge in high-risk behaviors during this critical period of life.

33.

When consulting with a client who has autism spectrum disorder, all of the following should be provided except:

  • Ecstatic conversation (Be happy when chatting)

  • Quiet room

  • Neutral clothing

Correct answer: Ecstatic conversation (Be happy when chatting)

When consulting and working with clients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the following should be provided:

  • Neutral and quiet room
  • Neutral clothing
  • Soft music

While it can be tempting to show that you're excited to be working with a client who has ASD, it is important to make all verbal exchanges emotionally neutral and free of jargon, sarcasm, and rhetoric.

34.

Which of the following types of exercise is best for lowering blood glucose levels during or after exercise?

  • Moderate-intensity exercise

  • Low-intensity exercise

  • High-intensity exercise

Correct answer: Moderate-intensity exercise

Studies show that moderate-intensity exercise, which focuses on 40% to < 60% VO2 or heart rate reserve, was best for lowering blood glucose levels during or after exercise. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) was shown to cause a postexercise increase in blood glucose.

When assigning an aerobic exercise program to a client, be sure to focus on the following acute variables:

  • Large muscle groups and rhythmical movements (e.g., walking, jogging, biking, swimming, stair stepping)
  • 3-7 days per week (with ≤ 2 days between training days)
  • Moderate intensity (40% to < 60% VO2 or heart rate reserve)
  • ≥ 10 min (per session); goal is ≥ 150 min (per week)

35.

Before beginning a fitness assessment and program design for a client with obesity, which of the following must be provided to you?

  • Medical clearance form

  • List of medications

  • Emergency contact form

Correct answer: Medical clearance form

When working with a new client who is obese, there are several precautions that the trainer must consider, be aware of, and take action on. One of the most important factors to consider is that clients with obesity are likely to have one or more metabolic disorders such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the high risk for injury or a metabolic event when working with an obese client, medical clearance is essential before starting a fitness assessment or exercise program.

36.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a resistance training exercise program for a client with a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

  • 2-3 days per week / 8-10 exercises; lower body emphasis / 40-60% 1RM / 1-3 sets / 10-15 reps

  • 1 day per week / 4-8 exercises / 40-60% 1RM / 1 sets / 15-20 reps

  • 3-5 days per week / 6-8 exercises / 60-80% 1RM / 3-5 sets / 10-15 reps

Correct answer: 2-3 days per week / 8-10 exercises; lower body emphasis / 40-60% 1RM / 1-3 sets / 10-15 reps

If you are working with a client with a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), the following acute variables are recommended for a resistance training exercise program:

  • 2-3 days per week
  • 8-10 exercises with an emphasis on the lower body
  • Light to moderate intensity: 40-60% 1RM
  • 1-3 sets per exercise in circuit format
  • 10-15 repetitions
  • Resting period: ≤ 30 seconds

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

37.

For a client with breast cancer, what is the objective of using hormone therapy?

  • Lower estrogen levels

  • Increase fertility

  • Restore estrogen levels

Correct answer: Lower estrogen levels 

While a beneficial hormone under normal circumstance, estrogen can increase tumor growth of breast cancers that are hormone receptor positive. This means that the breast cancer can link up with estrogen, progesterone, or both to fuel the growth of the tumor. So, the objective of hormone therapy for breast cancer is to lower estrogen levels as much as possible to stop tumor growth and try to reverse it.

38.

What is one common result of abusing of antithyroid drugs?

  • Hypothyroidism

  • Muscle gain

  • Loss of bone density at a rapid rate

Correct answer: Hypothyroidism

When treating hyperthyroidism, the primary goal is to relieve the effects of thyrotoxicosis. Antithyroid drugs are effective because they inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. Common examples of antithyroid drugs include propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole. 

With that said, abuse of antithyroid drugs can cause thyroxine levels to swing to hypothyroidism, bringing with it all of the symptoms related to the condition.

It is essential that the personal trainer confirms whether or not the client is using antithyroid drugs since abuse can cause hypothyroidism. What's more, this medication can impact a fitness assessment and exercise session since two common side effects include decreased exercise heart rate and blood pressure.

39.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a flexibility exercise program for a client with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism?

  • 5-7 days per week / 8-12 exercises / 2-3 repetitions per stretch / Static or dynamic stretching

  • 1-3 days per week / 1-3 exercises / Hold each stretch once / Static stretching 

  • 3-5 days per week / 3-7 exercises / 3-4 repetitions per stretch / Dynamic stretching

Correct answer: 5-7 days per week / 8-12 exercises / 2-3 repetitions per stretch / Static or dynamic stretching

For clients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, the recommended exercise guidelines essentially follow the guidelines for apparently healthy persons. The caveat is that the client must have hormone replacement results in a euthyroid state.

When creating a flexibility exercise program for a client with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, be sure to focus on the following acute variables:

  • 5-7 days per week
  • 8-12 exercises
  • 2-3 repetitions per stretch
  • Static or dynamic stretching
  • If static, hold each stretch for 20-30 seconds

The personal trainer must know the signs and symptoms of thyroid disease and adjust the exercise program accordingly. A medical referral might also be necessary.

40.

In which stage or time frame of dementia and Alzheimer's disease will significant modifications be required? 

  • Late stages

  • Early stages

  • During changes to medication dosages

Correct answer: Late stages

In the early phases of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, it is expected that the client will be able to perform conventional exercises. With that said, as the conditions progress, significant modifications will most likely be necessary. When this occurs, the personal trainer should make an effort to consult with the client's physical therapist, physician, or other health care professional.

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