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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ACSM-CPT Exam Questions

Page 2 of 50

21.

Which of the following is considered to be a moderator of the relationship between a client and the act of exercising?

  • Age

  • Intention

  • Self-efficacy

  • The act of exercising itself

Correct answer: Age

A moderator is a variable that modifies the relationship between one variable and another. A client's age will influence their relationship with exercising.

Both intention and self-efficacy are mediators of the relationship between a client and the act of exercising. A mediator is a variable or factor that explains how one factor influences another. It is the pathway by which that effect occurs. The client exercises because they have the intention to exercise and because they feel self-efficacy toward exercise.

The act of exercising itself is considered an outcome, not a moderator.

22.

Which of the following is effective at building rapport with a client?

  • Displaying and communicating your credentials

  • Avoiding eye contact

  • Being a passive listener

  • Avoiding self-disclosure of relevant personal struggles you've experienced

Correct answer: Displaying and communicating your credentials

Displaying and communicating your credentials will make it easier for your client to trust you and your expertise, which will help develop rapport.

Maintaining eye contact, being an active listener, and disclosing relevant personal struggles you've had with your client will build rapport, as they will help your client trust you more. Doing the opposite will not contribute to rapport building.

23.

In young adults, how long should an active static stretch be held?

  • 10 to 30 seconds

  • 5 to 10 seconds

  • 15 to 20 seconds

  • 30 to 60 seconds

Correct answer: 10 to 30 seconds

Current recommendations involve stretch hold times of 10 to 30 seconds for active static stretches. This range is also recommended for PNF techniques when prefaced by a 3- to 6-second active contraction. The exception is with older adults, where an increase to 30 to 60 seconds for the stretch hold time is recommended. There seems to be little additional flexibility benefit to static stretch hold times that exceed 30 seconds in younger adults.

24.

Which of the following exercises would be the most appropriate for increasing a client's ability to perform a movement in a short amount of time?

  • Box jumps

  • Push-ups

  • Hip flexor stretch

  • Single-leg lift and chop

Correct answer: Box jumps

Speed, agility, coordination, balance, power, and reaction time are skill-related components of physical fitness. 

In particular, the ability to perform a movement in a short amount of time is known as speed. Exercises to improve speed include plyometric drills (high-intensity jumps, bounds), sprint drills, high-velocity resistance training, and mixed martial arts.

25.

Which energy system is used during high-intensity exercise lasting a few seconds?

  • ATP-PC energy system

  • Glycolysis energy system

  • ATP energy system

  • Oxidative energy system

Correct answer: ATP-PC energy system

In order to power the body during exercise and physical activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required. There are three systems that produce ATP. Depending on the duration of the exercise, one of the following energy systems will be used:

ATP-PC: The ATP-PC energy system is used during high-intensity exercise lasting no longer than a few seconds. This is when the body releases stored ATP. The body gets the most out of the ATP by releasing phosphocreatine (PC), extending the benefits for a bit longer than ATP alone. Since oxygen is not required during this form of energy production, it is considered anaerobic. Strength-power activities such as powerlifting and high jumping utilize the ATP-PC energy system.

Glycolysis: The body takes circulating blood glucose or stored glucose (glycogen) and breaks it down to produce ATP. This system is ideal for activities that last between 12 and 30 seconds. Examples of activities that use the glycolysis energy system include runs that are moderately long such as a 400-meter track sprint or a 100 meter freestyle swim.

Oxidative: For long-duration or long-distance exercise, oxidative energy systems are required. The body will break down triglycerides and carbohydrates through the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. Examples of activities that use the oxidative energy system include a marathon run.

26.

Which group of muscles are all classified as stabilizers?

  • Gluteus medius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior

  • Gluteus maximus, iliopsoas, deep cervical flexors

  • Pectoralis minor, erector spinae, multifidus

  • Iliopsoas, erector spinae, multifidus

Correct answer: Gluteus medius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior

Stability and mobility are interconnected qualities, and they work together to help maintain posture and alignment and to create quality movement. Stabilizers work to maintain the integrity of a joint while the mobilizers create movement around the joint.

The gluteus medius and maximus, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, deep cervical flexors, and multifidus are classified as stabilizers.

The pectoralis minor, erector spinae, and iliopsoas are classified as mobilizers.

27.

An uninjured baseball player's training includes exercises that target shoulder function and stability. What type of training could this be considered?

  • Prehabilitation

  • Rehabilitation

  • Progressive overload

  • Gait patterning

Correct answer: Prehabilitation

The needs analysis is performed before selecting the acute variables in a training program. This analysis identifies, through a biomechanical analysis and personal injury history, which areas of the body are more susceptible to injury for a specific individual, sport, or activity. This information can be used to design exercises that help increase the function and resiliency of those areas. This type of training is known as prehabilitation.

Movements and exercises are often similar to those found in a rehabilitation program used to help someone recover from a specific injury. Shoulder injuries are common in sports with overhead or throwing motions, such as baseball. Targeting shoulder function and stability in uninjured athletes as a means of aiming to reduce the chance of injury would be a form of prehabilitation.

Gait training targets improving walking and locomotive activities and could be part of a prehabilitation or rehabilitation program. Progressive overload involves gradually increasing the challenge of an exercise in order to elicit results.

28.

Approximately how much fluid should be consumed for each pound of body weight lost during exercise?

  • 600 mL

  • 200 mL

  • 400 mL

  • 800 mL

Correct answer: 600 mL

To optimize performance, maintaining hydration during exercise is key. An individual should not rely on their thirst sensation as an indicator of their hydration status, because thirst occurs after one to two percent of body weight has already been lost. To help better assess fluid intake during exercise, an individual should be weighed before and after exercise, as weight loss indicates a less-than-optimal hydration state. Approximately one pint (about 600 mL) of fluid should be consumed for each pound of body weight lost during exercise. 

29.

The general recommendation for aerobic exercise for general health is 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise. If you perform vigorous-intensity exercise instead, what is the weekly duration recommendation?

  • 75 minutes

  • 150 minutes

  • 300 minutes

  • 40 minutes

Correct answer: 75 minutes

If an individual chooses to perform only vigorous aerobic exercise, the minimum recommendation is 75 minutes per week. If an individual performs a combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic training, this should be done for 20-30 minutes 3-4 days per week.

When interested in further health and fitness goals and benefits, particularly weight loss, it can be beneficial to perform 300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic training each week.

30.

Imagine that you are performing a biomechanical analysis on the needs of a new client who wants to improve their ability to kick a soccer ball. Which exercise would be most effective solely according to your biomechanical analysis?

  • Leg extension machine

  • Bench press

  • Lying leg curl machine

  • Glute adduction machine

Correct answer: Leg extension machine

When performing a biomechanical analysis, you must consider:

  • The joint around which movement occurs
  • Joint ROM
  • Pattern of resistance through ROM
  • Pattern of limb velocity through ROM
  • Types of muscle contraction involved

Kicking a soccer ball involves motion at multiple joints. However, the joints most responsible for producing the force that will send the ball forward are the hip and knee joints. This is done through hip flexion and knee extension.

Of the exercises listed, only the leg extension machine involves at least one of these joint actions: knee extension.

31.

Which of the following increases with age?

  • Reaction time

  • Muscle strength

  • Maximal cardiac output

  • Flexibility

Correct answer: Reaction time

While it is unavoidable that physiological function decreases with age, the rate and severity of change are influenced by a complex mixture of genetics, individual health, the presence of disease or injury, and exercise history. Individuals of similar ages can differ remarkably in functional capacity, which in turn will affect how they respond to exercise. Typically, physiological changes such as resting blood pressure, reaction time, and fat mass all increase with age. Reaction time increasing with age means it will take longer to accomplish a task.

To be clear, an increase in reaction time can generally be thought of as a negative outcome. This means that clients may not respond as quickly in emergency situations, such as slamming on the brakes when a car pulls out in front of them. 

Flexibility is unlikely to increase with age. Muscular strength and cardiac output often decrease with age.

32.

All of the following are body composition measurements, except:

  • Blood pressure assessment

  • BMI assessment

  • Waist circumference testing

  • Skinfolds testing

Correct answer: Blood pressure assessment

Body composition measurements can be useful in establishing appropriate client goals. Some are better than others to use with certain populations. As a personal trainer, it is important to be able to discern which measurements are appropriate for a certain clientele. For example, performing skinfolds on a client who is obese might be uncomfortable for the client. Therefore, using other measurements such as waist-to-hip ratio, circumference measurements, or BMI might be more appropriate.

Blood pressure testing serves to determine an important physiological variable related to cardiovascular disease risk. 

33.

All of the following variables are included in calculating the volume of exercise except:

  • Time under tension

  • Sets

  • Reps

  • Resistance

Correct answer: Time under tension

For those who have already achieved a basic level of training or strength fitness, exercise volume is an essential concept in resistance training progression. The principle of variation in training involves the number of sets and volume performed. To calculate exercise volume, use the following equation:

Sets multiplied by reps multiplied by resistance (sets x reps x resistance)

34.

A food label for a pack of cookies informs you that the product contains 4 servings of 138 calories. How many calories are in the product?

  • 552

  • 138

  • 276

  • 1104

Correct answer: 552

Total calories can be calculated by multiplying the number of servings by the number of calories per serving: 138 x 4 = 552.

35.

During her flexibility assessment, Katie demonstrates limited range of motion (ROM) in hip extension. Which of the following is an appropriate stretch to add to her program in order to improve her ROM?

  • Kneeling hip flexor stretch

  • Seated hip rotator stretch

  • Seated hamstring stretch

  • Supine knees to chest

Correct answer: Kneeling hip flexor stretch

Since Katie demonstrated limited range of motion into hip extension, it's possible her hip flexors are a limiting factor. Stretches that target the hip flexors would be a recommended addition to her program to increase her ROM. The kneeling hip flexor stretch is an appropriate choice to target this area.

Although the seated rotator stretch, the seated hamstring stretch, and the supine knees to chest all also target muscles around the hips, they don't target the muscles that affect hip extension ROM.

36.

Which of the following statements about client confidentiality is true?

  • Written authorization is required to release any client information

  • The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA) always extends to personal trainers

  • Testimonials can be used for marketing without client consent

  • To protect client confidentiality, personal trainers should not keep written notes

Correct answer: Written authorization is required to release any client information

A potential liability for a personal trainer is the failure to protect client confidentiality. It is essential that the trainer protects confidentiality in order to prevent potential harm to a client's reputation.

For liability protection, the personal trainer must keep a variety of detailed written records including the first client prescreening and notes documenting each training session. A system should be in place that protects the complete confidentiality of all user records and meetings. 

What's more, a client's records should be released only with their signed authorization. It is still unclear whether some HIPAA policies extend to personal trainers, but it is important to be familiar with the law and how to properly release personal information to a third party. 

37.

How many different classes of nutrients are available for consumption to aid in human function?

  • Six

  • Four

  • Three

  • Five

Correct answer: Six

All of the six nutrients play a vital role in the health and well-being of an individual. The following six nutrients should be consumed for optimal health:

  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Proteins
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water

With the help of a personal trainer, an individual should strive to find a balance between all six of these nutrients.

38.

Which of the following is advertised as useful for improving endurance?

  • Caffeine

  • Creatine

  • Omega-3 fatty acids

  • Androstenedione

Correct answer: Caffeine

A product commonly marketed as an ergogenic aid with the ability to enhance and improve sport performance is caffeine. It is advertised as being able to improve endurance by enabling more effective fat metabolism during exercise. It is a central nervous system stimulant but has a reduced dose effect, which means an individual will have to continually increase the dosage to obtain the benefits.

39.

Which of the following pieces of data is not needed to predict an individual's oxygen consumption during the Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test?

  • Height

  • Age

  • Time of completion

  • Heart rate

Correct answer: Height

One submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness test that can be used to estimate a cardiovascular starting point based on ability level is the Rockport Walking Test. 

In order to perform the test, clients walk as fast as they can around a measured one-mile course. The time it takes to walk this mile is recorded. Immediately at the end of the one-mile walk, the client counts the recovery heart rate for 15 seconds and multiplies by four to determine a one-minute recovery HR. Age is also necessary to calculate an individual's VO2 max.

40.

How many repetitions should a client try to complete while performing a forced repetition set?

  • One to four

  • Six to eight

  • One to two

  • Three to five

Correct answer: One to four

Forced repetitions are performed beyond one's normal capacity with the assistance of a spotter. The belief is that training beyond failure will lead to greater gains in muscle strength, endurance, and hypertrophy. The personal trainer should supply minimal assistance, allowing the client to complete one to four repetitions.

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