×

Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ACSM-EP Exam Questions

Page 3 of 25

41.

Which of the following is not a verified step of performing a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretch?

  • The contraction is held for twenty seconds

  • The limb is moved to a point of resistance and then held for a few seconds

  • A sub-maximal isometric contraction of the target muscle 

  • A relaxation of the target muscle

Correct answer: The contraction is held for twenty seconds

Each Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretch has three phases:

  1. Passive prestretch
  2. Passive stretch
  3. Contraction

Performing a PNF stretch will take you through all three phases. Here's how to guide your client through a PNF stretch:

  • The limb is moved to a point of resistance and then held for a few seconds.
  • This is followed by a sub-maximal isometric contraction of the target muscle.
  • The contraction is held for less than five seconds.
  • This is followed by a relaxation of the target muscle.

42.

Which of the following exercises would not be ideal for increasing lower body speed and power?

  • Explosive seated shoulder press 

  • Clean

  • Snatch

  • Box jump

Correct answer: Explosive seated shoulder press

The velocity of cadence at which a resistance exercise is performed can affect the adaptations to a training program because gains in muscular fitness are specific to the training velocity. 

If a client wants to increase speed and power, they would use fast-velocity exercises such as plyometric exercises or power-driven weightlifting exercises. Here are a few examples:

  • Wall jump
  • Clean
  • Snatch
  • Box jump
  • Jump squat

43.

Leaders are important aspects of fitness facilities. Which of the following is not considered to be a trait of leaders in a fitness facility?

  • Focus on short term

  • Change-oriented

  • Proactive

  • Identifies opportunities

Correct answer: Focus on short term

There are many differences between having a leadership role and a management role in a fitness facility. The tendencies of a leadership role include the following:

  • Change-oriented
  • Vision caster
  • Innovates
  • Motivated to take risks
  • Solves problems with creativity
  • Proactive
  • Focus on the long term
  • Identifies opportunities

44.

You have a female client who has been diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Which of the following acute variables should you follow to create an appropriate resistance training program?

  • 3 days per week / Intensity: Moderate / 5-10 exercises / 1-3 sets of 10-15 reps / Compound movements

  • 2-4 days x week / Intensity: Moderate / 1-5 exercises / 2-5 sets of 8-12 reps / Combination of machines, free weights, and impact jumps

  • 5-6 x per week / Intensity: High / 2-4 sets of 1-5 reps / Free weights only

  • Daily / Intensity: Moderate / 1 set of 10-20 reps / Machines and impact jumps

Correct answer: 3 days per week / Intensity: Moderate / 5-10 exercises / 1-3 sets of 10-15 reps / Compound movements

Pregnant people with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) should follow a multifaceted approach to improve maternal and child health during pregnancy. Both aerobic and resistance training should be a part of the training program for a client with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Here are the acute variables that you should follow to create an appropriate resistance training program:

  • Frequency: 3 days per week
  • Intensity: Moderate
  • Time: 5-10 exercises / 1-3 sets of 10-15 reps
  • Type: Compound movements (e.g., squats, bench presses, etc.)

45.

Which of the following theories is built around the premise that the three basic psychological needs of competence, relatedness, and autonomy must be met to engage in a behavior?

  • Self-determination theory

  • Theory of planned behavior

  • Hedonic theory

  • Social ecological theory

Correct answer: Self-determination theory

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is built around the premise that the three basic psychological needs must be met to engage in a behavior: competence, relatedness, and autonomy. SDT proposes that the extent to which these needs are met describes how motivated an individual is to complete a task.

46.

Why should you avoid having the client perform consistent training at high intensities to muscular failure for every exercise?

  • Risk of overtraining

  • Volume should be prioritized over intensity 

  • The client may lose faith in your competence as a trainer 

  • Only relevant for muscular endurance training; every other training should avoid this

Correct answer: Risk of overtraining

Consistent training at high intensities to muscular failure on every exercise increases the risk of overtraining, which is when the body is pushed past its ability to repair and recover. Symptoms of overtraining include fatigue, performance decline, and mood disturbances.

Extreme overtraining can lead to rhabdomyolysis. This is when the muscle itself is broken down and filtered by the kidneys and liver, resulting in hospitalization.

47.

In regard to CMR diseases, what does paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea mean?

  • Difficultly breathing while asleep

  • Dizzines with specific head movements 

  • Trouble breathing while lying down

  • Occasional calf pain during activity

Correct answer: Difficultly breathing while asleep

Clients with any of the CMR diseases are at a higher risk for an untoward event during exercise testing and/or participation. The major CMR diseases that the trainer should be aware of include heart attack, heart surgery, pacemaker, heart valve disease, heart failure, heart transplantation, congenital heart disease, diabetes, and renal failure. 

One of the major signs and symptoms of CMR disease is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. If a client has any of these signs or symptoms, they are considered a higher risk and should get medical clearance before continuing with the test and physical activity.

In regard to CMR diseases, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is difficulty breathing while asleep. This usually happens 2 to 5 hours after falling asleep and can be relieved by sitting up.

48.

Which of the following terms is best defined as a practice in which the person focuses deeply on their thoughts, with or without guidance, movement, and vocalization?

  • Meditation

  • Biofeedback

  • Yoga 

  • Breathing exercises

Correct answer: Meditation

It's important to know and recommend non-exercise options such as mind-body techniques for reducing stress. The mind-body technique that is an exercise of the mind and requires focus on calming the body is known as meditation.

Meditation has been shown to improve lactate recovery after exercise. An alternative to meditation is prayer, which has been associated with facets of recovery from illness and improved health outcomes.

Other mind-body techniques include the following:

  • Body scans
  • Progressive muscle relaxation
  • Biofeedback
  • Massage
  • Breathing exercises
  • Mindfulness
  • Yoga and martial arts
  • Referring a client to a psychologist

49.

Which of the following best captures the recommended acute variables of an exercise program for children?

  • Daily / Intensity: Self-regulated / 3 hours throughout the day / Fun, game-based activities

  • Daily / Intensity: Moderate / 1 hour throughout the day / Aerobic activities

  • Daily / Intensity: Low to moderate / 2 hours throughout the day / Bodyweight-based activities

  • Daily / Intensity: Moderate / 4 hours throughout the day / Bodyweight exercises and activities 

Correct answer: Daily / Intensity: Self-regulated / 3 hours throughout the day / Fun, game-based activities

As a trainer, it is important to encourage physical activities that are both age-appropriate and enjoyable for children. When creating an exercise program for a child, be sure to follow these acute variables:

  • Frequency: Daily
  • Intensity: Self-regulated
  • Time: 3 hours throughout the day
  • Type: Fun, game-based activities

Try to alternate between high- and low-intensity games, and avoid games that eliminate children based on poor performance.

50.

Which of the following best demonstrates the SAID principle?

  • A boxer completing ten rounds of heavy bag training 

  • A swimmer performing heavy isometric back squats 

  • An archery competitor running 3 miles at a moderate pace 

  • An Olympic weightlifter walking on an incline for 5 miles 

Correct answer: A boxer completing ten rounds of heavy bag training

The specificity principle, better known as Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands (SAID), is dependent on the type and mode of exercise. The principle of specificity states that specific exercises elicit specific adaptations, creating specific training effects.

In other words, an exercise physiologist must match the training stimulus or physical demand to the activity or goal. For example, if a client wants to compete in a half marathon, the trainer needs to curtail the training stimulus for this purpose.

51.

Which of the following is characterized by extreme skeletal muscle soreness and requires medical intervention?

  • Rhabdomyolysis

  • Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

  • Myocardial infarction

  • Idiopathic arthritis

Correct answer: Rhabdomyolysis

Consistent training at high intensities to muscular failure on every exercise increases the risk of overtraining, which is when the body is pushed past its ability to repair and recover. Symptoms of overtraining include fatigue, performance decline, and mood disturbances. 

Light muscle soreness is normal, especially for beginners. But if your client is complaining of extreme muscle soreness, this could also be a sign of overtraining.

Extreme overtraining can lead to rhabdomyolysis. This is when the muscle itself is broken down and filtered by the kidneys and liver, resulting in hospitalization. 

If your client is complaining of muscle soreness, tell them to take an additional rest day. However, if the muscle soreness is accompanied by other concerning symptoms like swelling, inflammation, and dark urine, the client must get to the hospital immediately.

52.

A client is demonstrating organ breakdown and dysfunction. According to the general adaptation syndrome model, which of the following stages is this client in?

  • Exhaustion

  • Alarm

  • Resistance

  • Reaction

Correct answer: Exhaustion

The physiological stress response has a pattern across all species known as the general adapatation syndrome. There are three stages:

  • Alarm: This is when the stressor is first recognized by the system and a fight-or-flight response is initiated.
  • Resistance: This is when a cascade of cardiovascular, metabolic, hormonal, and immune changes is generated as a compensatory stress reaction.
  • Exhaustion: This is when the organism has depleted all biochemical substrates and additional resources and is no longer able to mount a defense against the stressor.

During the exhaustion stage, the body is no longer able to mount a defense, and if this happens for an extended period of time, the bodily systems can eventually break down and cause dysfunction in major organs. In extreme situations, stress-related exhaustion has the capacity to result in serious illness or death.

53.

Which of the following is a pathological change in the tendon due to repeated stress or microtraumas?

  • Tendinopathy

  • Strain

  • Sprain

  • Arthropathy 

Correct answer: Tendinopathy

Tendinopathy is a pathological change in the tendon due to repeated stress or microtraumas. The most common examples of tendinopathy are tendinitis and tendinosis. 

Tendinitis is a form of inflammatory tendinopathy, while tendinosis is a form of degeneration in the tendon.

54.

The idea that the safety and efficacy of a fitness program are maximized when qualified fitness professionals oversee activities while providing instruction and encouragement is known as which of the following?

  • Principle of supervision

  • Principle of specificity

  • Principle of creativity

  • Principle of progression

Correct answer: Principle of supervision

The idea that the safety and efficacy of a fitness program are maximized when qualified fitness professionals supervise activities while providing instruction and encouragement is known as the principle of supervision. 

Studies show that the clients who see the best results and progress participate in supervised resistance training programs.

55.

Which of the following types of flexibility utilizes sports-specific movements to increase core temperature?

  • Dynamic flexibility

  • Static flexibility

  • Contract-relax stretching 

  • Hold-relax stretching

Correct answer: Dynamic flexibility

Unlike static, ballistic, and PNF stretching, dynamic flexibility focuses on slow and controlled, sports-specific movements to increase core temperature. This leads to increased neuromuscular conduction and compliance and enzymatic activity. This is thought to accelerate energy production and enhance activity-related flexibility and balance.

Contract-relax and hold-relax stretching are both types of PNF stretching. 

56.

When a client experiences the negative emotions that go along with the health consequences of not exercising, this is an example of which process of change?

  • Dramatic relief

  • Environmental reevaluation

  • Self-reevaluation

  • Consciousness raising

Correct answer: Dramatic relief

Processes of change can be broken down into experiential processes and behavioral processes. Both are recommended to help increase self-efficacy and facilitate the required transition from precontemplation to action to maintenance. When a client experiences the negative emotions that go along with the health consequences of not exercising, this is an example of dramatic relief, which is an experiential process.

An example of this strategy would be to have the client think about somebody close to them who has had severe health problems that may have been prevented by regularly exercising. Ask the client, "Does their inactivity and subsequent health issues upset you?"

Other types of experiential processes include the following:

  • Consciousness raising
  • Environmental reevaluation
  • Self-reevaluation
  • Social liberation

57.

Which of the following is the best description of a heart murmur? 

  • Unusual sounds of blood flowing through the heart

  • Feeling of dizziness upon transitioning from sitting to standing 

  • Chest pain with exertion 

  • Shortness of breath at rest

Correct answer: Unusual sounds of blood flowing through the heart

Clients with any of the CMR diseases are at a higher risk for an untoward event during exercise testing and/or participation. The major CMR diseases that the trainer should be aware of include heart attack, heart surgery, pacemaker, heart valve disease, heart failure, heart transplantation, congenital heart disease, diabetes, and renal failure. 

One of the major signs and symptoms of CMR disease is a heart murmur. If a client has any of these signs or symptoms, they are considered a higher risk and should get medical clearance before continuing with the test and physical activity.

In regard to CMR diseases, a heart murmur refers to the unusual sounds of blood flowing through the heart.

58.

Which of the following is not a strategy that the exercise physiologist should use to create an environment that promotes physical activity?

  • Getting the client used to exercising in a way that they don't like

  • Assist clients in identifying the wide variety of physical activity options that exist within proximity to their home

  • Encourage the client to join a walking, jogging, or training group

  • Discuss with the client the existing potential environmental barriers that deter regular physical activity

Correct answer: Getting the client used to exercising in a way that they don't like 

There are a number of strategies that the exercise physiologist can use to create an environment that promotes physical activity, including the following:

  • Assist clients in identifying the wide variety of physical activity options that exist within proximity to their home.
  • Discuss with the client the existing potential environmental barriers that deter regular physical activity.
  • Encourage the client to join a walking, jogging, or training group.

There are many options for exercise which clients may or may not like. There is no reason to force them to exercise in a way that they don't like.

59.

Which of the following best captures the acute variables for a resistance training program for a client who has osteoporosis?

  • 2-3 days x week / Intensity: 60-80% 1-RM / 1 set of 8-12 reps / Combination of machines, free weights, and impact jumps

  • 1-2 x per week / Intensity: 50% 1-RM / 1 set of 10-20 reps / Machines only

  • 3-4 x per week / Intensity: 70% 1-RM / 2-3 sets of 15 reps / Combination of machines and free weights

  • 2-3 x per week / Intensity: 80% 1-RM / 2-4 sets of 1-5 reps / Free weights only

Correct answer: 2-3 days x week / Intensity: 60-80% 1-RM / 1 set of 8-12 reps / Combination of machines, free weights, and impact jumps

Bone adapts positively to sufficient and appropriate levels of stress balanced with rest between sessions. Therefore, exercise is highly encouraged as it can help to decrease the risk of osteoporosis. Exercise can also help to mitigate symptoms of osteoporosis in someone who has it. The following best captures the acute variables for a resistance training program for a client who has osteoporosis:

  • Frequency: 2-3 days x week
  • Intensity: 60-80% 1-RM
  • Time: 1 set of 8-12 reps
  • Type: Combination of machines, free weights, and impact jumps

It should be noted that the client starts with one set, but this should be progressed after several weeks. Also, impact jumps must be a part of the program as the impact is great for strengthening bone, but be sure to consider individual circumstances.

60.

To ensure a client is able to transfer energy efficiently to the distal segments and avoid injury, which type of exercises should be included in the program?

  • Core and postural exercises

  • Plyometric exercises

  • Isokinetic exercises

  • Resistance exercises

Correct answer: Core and postural exercises

If clients lack proper postural control during the performance of a resistance exercise, they will not be able to transfer energy efficiently to the distal segments. In turn, this will greatly increase their risk for injury. Therefore, the exercise physiologist should include prehabilitation exercises to strengthen the core musculature and improve postural control.

×