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ASQ CSSBB Exam Questions
Page 4 of 33
61.
Who are considered to be the founding practitioners of Lean thinking?
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Eli Whitney and Henry Ford
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Kiichiro Toyoda
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Shigeo Shingo
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Taiichi Ohno
Correct answer: Eli Whitney and Henry Ford
Toyoda, Shingo, and Ohno all played important roles in furthering the practice of Lean in industry. However, they did not invent the original Lean practices.
62.
How many runs is a full factorial experiment with six two-level factors?
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64
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46
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256
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243
Correct answer: 64
The number of runs in the full factorial experiment is n=LF, where:
n = number of runs
L = number of levels = 2
F = number of factors = 6
Substituting the numbers provided, we have 26 = 64
63.
What is the most important criterion of the "V" in DMADV?
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That customer requirements are met
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That the project stay within budget
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That the product can be mass-produced
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That the product's production costs meet business criteria
Correct answer: That customer requirements are met
Developing a product that is fit for purpose requires it to meet all customer or marketplace requirements.
The other choices are all valid considerations, but rank below customer requirements.
64.
Jackson is mapping a production line of plastic widgets and finds that the machine which is the production bottleneck is continually running short of raw materials. What is the most likely cause of this situation?
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The kanban is too small.
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Material managers are not ordering enough raw materials to keep up with demand.
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An upstream process is continually breaking down.
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The bottleneck is being run at 130% maximum.
Correct answer: The kanban is too small.
In this case, an undersized kanban does not supply the bottleneck in pace with its consumption needs.
It is unlikely material managers are not ordering enough raw materials, as they are not looking at how the machine is performing, but at customer demand. Since the bottleneck is receiving raw materials, there is no upstream process that is breaking down. Bottlenecks are typically run at their absolute maximum and cannot be run any faster, so a 130 percent output is not achievable.
65.
Jason is leading his business team through a process benchmarking exercise with two benchmarking partners. What should Jason's team be careful to document during this exercise?
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The cultures of the two benchmarking partners
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The organizational size of the two benchmarking partners
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The company age of the two benchmarking partners
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The market capitalization of the two benchmarking partners
Correct answer: The cultures of the two benchmarking partners
Cultures can vary widely between companies, making direct transferability of processes very difficult. Size, age, and market capitalization are minor factors in determining whether or not a process can be transferred between companies.
66.
A production manager notices workers on a particular production line are standing around, joking with each other. This is likely to be symptomatic of which type of waste?
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Waiting
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Motion
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People
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Inventory
Correct answer: Waiting
Production downtime due to the unavailability of equipment, materials, people, etc. means time lost that could have been spent making valuable product.
Motion is non-valued added movements by people or equipment. People is the under-utilization of an employee's potential. Inventory is squandered working capital in the form of excessive supplies or product.
67.
Jenna is going to toss two coins at once, using her left and right hands. What is the probability of at least one of the coins coming up heads?
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0.75
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1.0
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0.5
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0.25
Correct answer: 0.75
There are two mutually exclusive outcomes in this circumstance: P(A) = at least one coin will come up heads, and P(B) = both coins will come up tails. To calculate the chance of both coins coming up tails, know that there is a 1 in 4 chance of this occurring. Therefore, the probability is 0.25.
Using the complementary rule of probability, P(A) = 1 - P(B), we can see that P(A) = 1 - 0.25 = 0.75.
68.
What is a multivariate analysis tool aimed at finding the 80/20, or most important factors?
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Principal components
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Factor analysis
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Discriminant analysis
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MANOVA
Correct answer: Principal components
This tool is used to explain the maximum amount of variance with the fewest number of principal components. This allows for a "focus on the vital few," which reduces the data footprint of the study or experiment.
Factor analysis determines the underlying factors responsible for correlations in the data. Discriminant analysis is used to classify observations into two or more groups. MANOVA, or multiple analysis of variance, is used to analyze both balanced and unbalanced experimental designs.
69.
Project selection criteria must always be mindful of what major consideration?
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Business financial impact
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Gauging the performance and the health of an organization and its processes
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What KPIs are relevant to the project scope
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What resources may be required
Correct answer: Business financial impact
Project selection criteria must always be mindful of business financial impact. These may include return on investment, cost reduction, and an increase in the sales and profit. While project section criteria vary according to organizational mission, their value must always be couched in monetary terms. Other, more tactical considerations, such as KPI (Key Performance Indicator) relevance, resource availability, and organizational health, are secondary to financial impact.
70.
Too much production time per unit produced is likely to be symptomatic of which type of waste?
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Waiting
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Motion
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People
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Inventory
Correct answer: Waiting
Production downtime due to the unavailability of equipment, materials, people, etc. means time lost that could have been spent making valuable product.
Motion is non-valued added movements by people or equipment. People is the under-utilization of an employee's potential. Inventory is squandered working capital in the form of excessive supplies or product.
71.
In addition to communication plans (who, what, whom, by what method, and how often), another effective tool for facilitating communication is the RACI model. What does RACI stand for?
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Responsibility, Accountability, Consulted, Informed
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Responsibility, Accountability, Consultation, Improvement
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Responsibility, Analysis, Consulting, Improvement
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Revenue, Analysis, Control, Improvement
Correct answer: Responsibility, Accountability, Consulted, Informed
RACI stands for Responsibility, Accountability, Consulted, Informed
72.
Tony has performed a statistical test that indicates he should reject the null hypothesis that his company's new running shoes wear 30% longer than a competitor's brand. Another study by an independent testing group a month later indicated that Tony's conclusion was incorrect. What type of error has Tony possibly made?
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Type I error
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Type II error
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An understandable error, given the fact that his test subjects were only casual joggers
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A career-ending error
Correct answer: Type I error
This type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true. In Tony's case, the null hypothesis is Ho: ρ = 0, meaning that the new shoe product does not last 30% longer than a competitor's brand.
A Type II error would occur if, in fact, the new product lasted 30% longer, but Tony failed to reject the null hypothesis, even though it is actually false. Hopefully, Tony will have an understanding boss and will recover from the error. No information was given on his test subjects.
73.
Test results on a new biocide show the product is 50% more effective at reducing microbial growth in the plant's 250-ton cooling towers. However, a residual product from the breakdown of the biocide exceeds the plant's wastewater treatment discharge permit by 20%, which might necessitate additional capital investment to manage the residual products. What DFX methodology should be employed in this situation?
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Design to Cost (DTC)
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Design for Maintainability (DFM)
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Design for Producibility (DFP)
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Design for Test (DFT)
Correct answer: Design to Cost (DTC)
The disposal cost of the biocide's breakdown products is likely to be high and needs to be mitigated through a Design To Cost project.
DFM, DFP, and DFT are subordinate considerations in this circumstance.
74.
What is the right form to provide team recognition?
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Recognition should be tailored to the individual's preferences.
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Mention the recognition in a team meeting.
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Mention the recognition in a company newsletter.
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Hold a certificate ceremony.
Correct answer: Recognition should be tailored to the individual's preferences.
Some individuals may not appreciate public recognition and actually be demotivated by such an experience.
Therefore, all other forms of recognition could be legitimate, depending on the individual's preference.
75.
Consider the following experimental design:
Three species of adult locusts are treated with three different types of pesticides at three different concentration levels. A team needs to determine whether temperature significantly affects the experiment. What experimental design should be run?
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Latin square design
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Randomized block design
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One-way ANOVA
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Two-way ANOVA
Correct answer: Latin square design
This balanced contribution design is used to determine whether an external factor is an influencing factor by eliminating two block effects.
Randomized block design is an experimental design where the experimental units are in groups called blocks and is used to minimize the effects of systematic error. One-way ANOVA compares the means of two or more independent groups to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means are significantly different. Two-way ANOVA is used to estimate how the mean of a quantitative variable changes according to the levels of two categorical variables.
76.
Silvia, an ergonomics professional, was hired by an automotive manufacturer to assess a new production line for its potential to impose asymmetrical motions on floor operators working on the line. What DFX methodology is being employed in this situation?
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Design for Producibility (DFP)
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Design for Maintainability (DFM)
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Design to Cost (DTC)
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Design for Test (DFT)
Correct answer: Design for Producibility (DFP)
Designing the new production line to minimize asymmetrical motions by floor workers will help reduce injuries.
Design for Maintainability (DFM), to Cost (DTC), and for Test (DFT) are subordinate considerations in this circumstance.
77.
A space vehicle propulsion engineer is developing a next-generation space drive incorporating a cold positron trap using Fluorine-18 as the emission source. Optimizing conditions in the trap will generate an average collective charge of 2.5 Giga Coulombs, which he must match with a comparable charge of electrons in another chamber, which averages -2.5 Giga Coulombs.
In order to maximize the generation of high-energy gamma radiation in the reaction chamber where positrons and electrons combine, he must keep the entire process charge-balanced within statistical limits for both propulsion control and crew safety. To accomplish this, he adds the continuous sensor readings from both charge chambers to each other and plots the arithmetic result (net chamber charge) onto a control chart in the spacecraft's digital control system (DCS).
What type of control chart should he use?
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I-MR chart
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X̅ and R chart
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X̅ and s chart
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c-Chart
Correct answer: Individuals and Moving range chart (I-MR)
An I-MR chart is one of the most commonly used control charts for continuous data collected individually; it applies when one data point is collected at each point in time. In the present example, a single number, that of net chamber charge, is being plotted.
Should the engineer have wanted to plot the chamber charge individually, an X̅ and R chart would have been most appropriate. The X̅ and s chart is for ten simultaneous data points and higher. A c-Chart would only be used in the case of attribute data with a constant sample size.
78.
Briant has developed a sampling plan of production batch quality for a process that runs 24 hours each day of the week. Because of labor limitations on the factory floor, the plan calls for sampling to take place three times a week between 9 and 10 am. What comment is Briant's MBB likely to provide about this plan?
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The sampling plan will produce biased data.
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The sampling plan will have sufficient sampling frame.
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The sampling plan will have sufficient accuracy.
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The sampling plan will have insufficient precision.
Correct answer: The sampling plan will produce biased data.
As the sample population is not representative of all production, being taken only during limited periods of the week and always at the same time of day, there is a strong possibility that the population does not have sufficient frame. Also, because of this limitation, it may not have accuracy since the margin of error from the true population statistics could be high.
The samples may or may not have insufficient precision—this depends on the consistency of the method by which the sample is taken, but there is not enough information provided to make this determination.
79.
Why is it useful to match up an X̅ chart with an R-chart?
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It aids understanding of the stability of the process (X̅) and to pinpoint its variation (R)
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There is usually room to fit a second chart on the width of the strip chart recorder paper, so the R-chart is a logical pair for the X̅-chart
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The R-chart is used to ensure that X̅ stays on guide
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The X̅-chart needs to be put in relevance to the standard deviation of the subgroups
Correct answer: It aids understanding of the stability of the process (X̅) and to pinpoint its variation (R)
In short, an X̅ chart helps to monitor the average or the mean of the process and how this changes over time, whereas the R-chart is used to depict process variation using subgroup ranges. The R-chart can't be used to keep X̅ on guide. It can only be used to show variation within the subgroups. An s-chart graphs the standard deviation of the subgroups.
80.
In which of the circumstances below would an Interrelationship Digraph be the preferred tool over a PDCA?
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John, a rocket propulsion engineer, is leading a team brainstorming event working to make sense of statistical analysis performed on a large amount of data from various sensors placed in and around a new rocket block design after multiple test firings.
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Samuel, a traffic engineer, is isolating all possible traffic risks that might result from four distinct stoplight patterns over a mile stretch of a heavily congested boulevard.
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Jennifer, a safety systems engineer, is developing organic vapor capture control systems as part of a risk mitigation effort for a large analytical laboratory.
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Michael, an agile planning expert, is leading a team brainstorming session on how to improve Scrum events for the next quarter of Sprints.
Correct answer: John, a rocket propulsion engineer, is leading a team brainstorming event working to make sense of statistical analysis performed on a large amount of data from various sensors placed in and around a new rocket block design after multiple test firings.
When relationships between system factors are unknown and need to be mapped in order to reduce a complex system to a more understandable model, an Interrelationship Digraph is preferred over PDCA, which seeks to develop a plan of countermeasures to identified risks. Samuel, Jennifer, and Michael are all working in situations to identify and/or mitigate risks.