×

Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ASQ CSSGB Exam Questions

Page 2 of 50

21.

In hypothesis testing, the t-distribution stems from a normal distribution with what type of standard deviation?

  • Unknown

  • Known

  • Continuous

  • Discrete

Correct answer: Unknown

The t-distribution stems from a normal distribution with an unknown standard deviation, which works for small samples, generally less than 30.

22.

If a green belt was to make provision for performing tests earlier in the production cycle rather than determining the functionality of a finished assembly or subassembly, they would be doing which of the following?

  • Design for test

  • Design for maintainability

  • Design for robustness

  • Design for usability

Correct answer: Design for test

If a green belt was to make provision for performing tests earlier in the production cycle rather than determining the functionality of a finished assembly or subassembly, it would be doing a design for test change. This is commonly used for in-process testing. Design for test is one of the factors of the design phase of DMADV. DMADV is the approach used when a process needs to be designed and includes defining, measuring, analyzing, designing, and verifying.

Design for maintainability determines downtime and repair time. Design for robustness is used during the life cycle test of all parts and assemblies. Design for usability is used to validate the product works for the prescribed purpose.

23.

Pull systems manage scheduling and material flow to eliminate which of the following?

  • Overproduction and excess inventories

  • Displays and controls

  • Inventories and vendors

  • Errors and overproduction

Correct answer: Overproduction and excess inventories

Pull systems manage scheduling and material flow to eliminate overproduction and excess inventories.

Displays, controls, vendors, and errors are not influenced by pull systems.

24.

You have a sample of a process, with measurements (5,4,3,4,5), spec limits of (6,1) and a target of 4. Which answer is closest to the Cpm?

  • 1.08

  • 1.50

  • 1.00

  • 1.11

Correct answer: 1.08

Cpm is a useful measure where the process has a target value rather than a conventional nominal value, which is typically the midpoint of specifications. The formula for Cpm is:

Cpm = (USL - LSL)/(6 x (√(Σ(xi - T)2/(n - 1))) so in this case Cpm = 5 / (6 x √0.6) = 1.08

1.11 is wrong because that is the Cp. 1.5 and 1.00 are wrong because they are incorrect calculation results.

25.

When measuring a process, when should you begin tracking the data to benchmark the current state?

  • As early as possible

  • After the Measure phase

  • During the Analyze phase

  • There is no need to benchmark the current state

Correct answer: As early as possible

Benchmarking the current state as early as possible is critical because when those involved in the process understand that their work is being observed and measured, their numbers almost immediately improve.

After the Measure phase is too late in the project cycle, so people involved will already be aware of the progress of the project. During the Analyze phase, the project has progressed too far for the current state not to be impacted by awareness of the project. The benchmark is critical to understand the improvement from the current state to the future metric the team achieves, so it cannot be ignored.

26.

Which of the following is not a benefit of having virtual teams?

  • Increased team-building

  • Reduced costs

  • Improved work-life balance

  • Real-time updates to data

Correct answer: Increased team-building

Virtual teams are challenged to create an environment for team-building, especially in voice-only meetings where there may be minimal nonverbal communication. Video conferencing can be very effective when everyone participates and when people are already familiar with each other.

Benefits of having virtual teams include reduced costs, improved work-life balance, and real-time data updates. Costs are reduced due to lack of travel, and in some cases there is no need to secure office space.

27.

You have a shipment of 10,000 parts and want to sample them to see if they are in your specifications by using a 1-sample Z-Test with a 95% confidence. You have tested 50 samples to get the sample mean. What else do you need?

  • The population standard deviation

  • The population median

  • The supplier's statistics on the average

  • The population mean

Correct answer: The population standard deviation

When performing a 1-sample Z-Test for means, the first step is to set the conditions that you either have a Normal population or large sample (n ≥ 30), and that the population standard deviation (σ) is known.

"The population median", "The supplier's statistics on the average", and "The population mean" are wrong because they are not preconditions to perform the 1-sample Z-Test for means.

28.

The three standard components of standardized work include all except which of the following?

  • Standard range

  • Standard time

  • Standard inventory

  • Standard sequence

Correct answer: Standard range

Standard range is not considered one of the three components of standardized work.

Standard work is used to train new equipment operators and also used to reduce variation in processes. It is coupled with the appropriate equipment, tools, and layout to reduce variation in a process. The three components of standardized work include standard time, standard inventory, and standard sequence. ISO 9001 is a quality management system used to incorporate standardized work as an aspect of an organization's controlled documentation.

29.

What type of variable shows the observed result of an experimental treatment?

  • Response variable

  • Independent variable

  • Dependent variable

  • Error variables

Correct answer: Response variable

Response variables show the observed result of an experimental treatment. The response is the outcome of the experiment as a result of controlling the levels, interactions, and a number of factors.

Independent variables are variables that affect or determine a dependent variable. Dependent variables are dependent on another variable. Error variables are not a form of hypothesis testing variable.

30.

Which design of experiments principles would you use to evenly distribute the quantity and variety of work across available time, avoiding overburden and underuse of resources?

  • Balance

  • Replication

  • Blocking

  • Interaction

Correct answer: Balance

Balance is the design of experiment principle used to evenly distribute the quantity and variety of work across available time, avoiding overburden and underuse of resources. Balance appropriately distributes the resources.

Replication is incorrect because it is used to remove a systematic error. Blocking is incorrect as it is a technique used to manage nuisance factors that may affect the results of an experiment. Interaction is incorrect because it is the combined effect of inputs instead of the sum of the individual effects.

31.

The response surface experimental objective category is used to do what?

  • Find the optimal settings and weak points of processes

  • Determine the best proportions

  • Select the main effects

  • Conclude if a factor is significant

Correct answer: Find the optimal settings and weak points of processes

The response surface experimental objective category is used to find the optimal settings and weak points of processes. The four categories of experimental objectives include screening, response surface, mixture, and comparative.

The mixture experimental objective category is used to determine the best proportions. The screening experimental objective category is used to select the main effects. The comparative experimental objective category is used to conclude if a factor is significant.

32.

Which of the following categories is not covered in hypothesis tests?

  • Calculating statistical deviation of changes in a sample

  • Testing whether the data sample fits a data model

  • Comparing a statistic to a hypothesis about the data or a population

  • Answering questions about whether something changed within the data

Correct answer: Calculating statistical deviation of changes in a sample

In general, hypothesis testing covers three areas: testing if the data you are working with fits a data model, comparing a statistic to a hypothesis about the data or a population, and answering questions about whether something changed within the data. It does not include calculating statistical deviation of changes. This phenomenon is often within the realm of precision or accuracy measurements.

33.

A retail store chain has an issue with high product returns across many stores. Which of the following scope statements presents the best approach to solving the problem?

  • Product returns for our company are high, resulting in high costs. This project will analyze the returns to find a solution at one store, with an eye to reproducing the solution at other stores.

  • Product returns for our company are high, resulting in high costs. This project will analyze the returns to find a solution.

  • Product returns for our company are high, resulting in high costs. This project will analyze the returns to find a solution at the highest stores, with an eye to reproducing the solution at other stores.

  • Product returns for our company are high, resulting in high costs. This project will implement the best solution to eliminate the returns across all stores.

Correct answer: Product returns for our company are high, resulting in high costs. This project will analyze the returns to find a solution at one store that reduces returns by 20%, with an eye to reproducing the solution at other stores.

Project scopes need to be well defined, and they need to be achievable. Identifying and implementing a solution at one location first, that can be replicated, is the best path to achieving the project objective. That is because it is narrow enough in scope to achieve an earlier success and build on it

The other answer options are all wrong because the scope for each is much larger than for a single store scope.

34.

In an experimental design, each setting of each factor shows up the same number of times in an experimental design. Which of the following describes the design?

  • Balanced

  • Nuanced

  • Confounded

  • Randomized

Correct answer: Balanced

A balanced experimental design exists when each setting of each factor shows up the same number of times.  

Nuanced is not a type of experimental design.

A confounded design occurs when you are unable to distinguish the effects of certain factor interactions because of other potential factor effects.

A randomized design is an attempt to design and organize an experiment to lessen the impact of special cause variation through random assignment.

35.

Which is the best answer for a limitation of smaller subgroup sizes for process capability sampling?

  • They are less sensitive to detecting shifts

  • They are taken more frequently

  • They are more costly

  • They need greater Measurement System sensitivity

Correct answer: They are less sensitive to detecting shifts

A typical SPC chart has five consecutive samples taken at equal intervals from a process and average/range plotted to observe the stability of the process. An individual chart with subgroup size one is less sensitive to detecting shifts, a larger size than 5 is more sensitive for detecting shifts in processes but can be costly for data collection.

"They are taken more frequently", "They are more costly", and "They need greater Measurement System sensitivity" are all wrong because they are not limitations of smaller subgroup sizes.

36.

Which of the following does not contribute to achieving stability in a process?

  • Environment

  • Method

  • People

  • Measurement

Correct answer: Environment

Achieving stability in a process requires method, people, machinery, measurement, and materials. Environment is not one of the elements required for process stability.

37.

When making a conclusion, what is typically the desired power?

  • 0.8 and above

  • 0.1 and above

  • 1 and above

  • 5 and above

Correct answer: 0.8 and above

When making a conclusion, the typical desired power is 0.8 and above. "A power of 0.8 means an experiment with the current sample size has an 80% likelihood to identify a significant difference (more than 1% defectives) when one truly exists, and a 20% likelihood it will incorrectly identify a significant difference when the difference does not exist."

The other choices are incorrect because typical desired power for making a conclusion is 0.8 and above, not 0.1, 1, or 5 and above.

38.

In regard to multi-vari studies, cyclical variation is also identified as what?

  • Lot-to-lot variation

  • Within-part variation

  • Same-product variation

  • Shift-to-shift variation

Correct answer: Lot-to-lot variation

Cyclical variation is also identified as lot-to-lot or batch variation. It also refers to the part-to-part variation of the cycle or process. It is the between cycle variation. Multi-vari studies is a tool used to help determine where variability is occurring within a process and the types of variances identified are positional, cyclical, and temporal.

Within-part variation is incorrect because within part variation is called positional variation. Same-product variation is incorrect as it refers to the description of positional variation. Shift-to-shift variation refers to temporal variation.

39.

What trait tends to produce greater interaction between team members?

  • Diversity

  • Homogeneity

  • Budget

  • Scope

Correct answer: Diversity

Teams that have greater diversity usually have more effective interaction between team members. People from different backgrounds may learn together and become more innovative and productive.

Teams with greater homogeneity, or those whose members have the same backgrounds and general experiences, do not produce as many new ideas or perspectives. Team budgets and interactions are not correlated. The scope of a project is subjective, so one cannot say the scope of one project is better than that of another or that it correlates to better or worse interactions between team members.

40.

Which of the following must be removed before natural process limits are calculated from process variation?

  • Special causes

  • Common causes

  • Waste

  • Variation

Correct answer: Special causes

Natural process limits are calculated from process variation after all special causes have been eliminated and the process has reached a state of statistical stability.

Common causes are inherent in the process over time. Wastes are activities that produce no added value to the product or service. Variation is part of process variation, and while it cannot be removed, the point is to reduce it.

×