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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ASQ CSSGB Exam Questions

Page 5 of 50

81.

Which tool is utilized to identify and visually represent connections between two groups of items?

  • Matrix diagram

  • Cause-and-effect diagram

  • Affinity diagram

  • Activity Network Diagram (AND)

Correct answer: Matrix diagram

A matrix diagram is a tool that can be used to identify and visually represent connections between two groups of items. Items in one group are listed across the top of the matrix, and those in the other group are listed down the side. The team reviews each square and enters a symbol based on the strength of the relationship between the two items or leaves it blank if there is no relationship. When the diagram is complete, the team discusses possible conclusions.

A cause-and-effect diagram is used to illustrate the various causes affecting the problem being worked on for the project. An affinity diagram is a tool used for brainstorming, then organizing the results into common categories. The Activity Network Diagram (AND) shows key project tasks, their relationships, and their timing. 

82.

Which of the following is a method of receiving customer feedback that gathers individuals to collect their input, providing accurate answers yet usually small sample sizes?

  • Focus group

  • Interview

  • Survey

  • Sampling

Correct answer: Focus group

A focus group is a method of gathering feedback on a particular topic from the point of view of a group of customers. It is a type of interview specifically designed to collect the opinions, feelings, ideas, and attitudes of customers, with the drawbacks of small sample sizes and often nonrandom participants.

An interview is conducted over the phone or in person, and it provides a higher level of accuracy and a higher response rate or sample size. A survey is usually conducted in writing (via mail or email), the customers are random, and the sample size can be large, although the response rate may be low. Sampling is not a method of gathering feedback but a quality inspection method that involves randomly checking samples from a population to ensure their quality.

83.

If you wanted to provide a pictorial view of numerical data showing the spread, you would use which graphical method?

  • Frequency distribution

  • Run chart

  • Scatter diagram

  • Tally

Correct answer: Frequency distribution

If you wanted to provide a pictorial view of numerical data showing the spread, you would use a frequency distribution. A frequency distribution is a table that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a sample. Each entry in the table contains the frequency or count of the occurrences of values within a particular group or interval. In this way, the table summarizes the distribution of values in the sample.

Run chart is incorrect because it is used to provide a visual indicator of non-random patterns. Scatter diagram is incorrect as it is used to detect possible correlation between two variables. Tally is incorrect as it is used to provide a total quality by class intervals.

84.

Which of the following contains the correct parts of a data collection plan, in the correct order? 

  • What to measure, how to measure, who will measure, sampling plan

  • What to measure, who will measure, how to measure, identified wastes

  • Who will measure, what to measure, how to measure, sampling plan

  • How to measure, what to measure, measurement system analysis, who will measure

Correct answer: What to measure, how to measure, who will measure, sampling plan

A data collection plan contains information about what will be measured, how it will be measured, who will perform the work, and a sampling plan. Within the “what to measure” phase, the measure parameter is named, including the type of measurement and operational definition. In “how to measure,” the measurement method is described, the data tags are identified (such as time, date, tester, and operator), and the data collection method is included. "Who will do it" names the person responsible for the measurement system quality, training, and who will actually perform the measurement. And the sample plan includes the measure being collected, the location of the data, when the data will be collected, and the number of data points to be gathered.

85.

The variability in the population is a dependent upon how a sample size is calculated and is represented by σ. In regard to σ, which of the following is true?

  • As σ increases, power decreases

  • As the size of the effect increases, power increases

  • As σ increases, power increases

  • As the size of the effect increases, power decreases

Correct answer: As σ increases, power decreases

The variability in the population is a dependent upon how a sample size is calculated and is represented by σ. As σ increases, power decreases. Calculating sample size depends on σ, δ, α, and β. δ represents the size of the effect. α represents the probability of a type I error. β represents when the null hypothesis is false and is not rejected, it becomes a type II error.

86.

Which of the following is least needed in a phase completion presentation to management?

  • A detailed explanation of the derivation of your key statistical tool

  • A clear relation to the impact on the business

  • A story-style narrative to engage your audience

  • Integrating appropriate pictures illustrating key points and concepts

Correct answer: A detailed explanation of the derivation of your key statistical tool

Six Sigma is more concerned with the results for business than the minutiae of the data and tools used to obtain those results; your sponsors and management should be too.

"A clear relation to the impact on the business", "A story-style narrative to engage your audience", and "Integrating appropriate pictures illustrating key points and concepts" are wrong answers because they are all more important toward getting your message across.

87.

If a team is given the measurements before and after the calibration of equipment, which test would the team most likely use?

  • Paired t-test

  • Two-mean, unequal variance t-test

  • Two-mean, equal variance t-test

  • T-test

Correct answer: Paired t-test

A team would most likely use a paired t-test when given the measurements before and after the calibration of equipment. Paired t-tests are used when there is a before and after scenario or when there is a dependency between the two sets of measurements. So, samples of something taken before and after a process change or skill assessments before and after training would be examples of measurements that would use a paired t-test.

The two mean, unequal variance t-test would be used between two sample means, and σ1 and σ2 are unknown but are not considered equal. The two mean, equal variance t-test would be used between two sample means, and σ1 and σ2 are unknown but considered equal. The t-test is used when making inferences about a population mean when the sample size is small and the population variance is σ2 unknown.

88.

When considering the number of errors in a process in terms of driving forces or restraining forces, which of these is a restraining force?

  • Poor input data

  • Pressure from a customer

  • Group incentive systems

  • Use of control charts

Correct answer: Poor input data

Poor input data is a restraining force when considering errors. Restraining and driving forces are used when conducting a force-field analysis. If an item prevents a future state from happening, it is a restraining force. If an item helps make the future state occur, it is a driving force. Restraining forces hinder, and driving forces promote. 

Pressure from a customer, group incentive systems, and use of control charts are incorrect as they would be driving forces that would help make the future state occur.

89.

Which of the following is the best definition of availability as used in Overall Equipment Effectiveness?

  • The percentage of time that equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is operating compared with the planned time of operation

  • The hours of time that equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is operating

  • Whether or not equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is operating

  • The time that equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is available for maintenance

Correct answer: The percentage of time that equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is operating compared with the planned time of operation

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) has three main factors: availability, performance, and quality. Availability, the first factor of OEE, is the percentage of time that equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is operating compared with the planned time of operation within the total working period.

"The hours of time that equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is operating", "Whether or not equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is operating", and "The time that equipment, the process, labor, or the production line is available for maintenance" are wrong because they are not definitions of availability as used in Overall Equipment Effectiveness.

90.

The risk priority number (RPN) is calculated using which formula?

  •  S x O x D

  • S x O - D

  • S2 x O x D

  • S + O + D

Correct answer: S x O x D

Risk priority number (RPN) is calculated using the formula S x O x D. This represents severity (s) times the occurrence (o) times the level of detection (d). The RPN is used to identify the highest risk factors within a process. Once the highest risk factors are identified, the team can work on them to improve the process. In order to calculate the RPN, the team must first complete an FMEA as the data from the FMEA is used to calculate the RPN.

The RPN is not calculated using (S x O - D), (S2 x O x D), or (S + O + D).

91.

The conditions for a chi-square test used in hypothesis testing is which of the following?

  • All expected frequencies are at least 1 and, at most, 20% of the expected frequencies are less than 5

  • All expected frequencies are at least 5 and, at most, 20% of the expected frequencies are less than 1

  • All expected frequencies are at least 1 and, at most, 50% of the expected frequencies are less than 5

  • All expected frequencies are at least 5 and, at most, 50% of the expected frequencies are less than 1

Correct answer: All expected frequencies are at least 1 and, at most, 20% of the expected frequencies are less than 5

The conditions for a chi-square test used in hypothesis testing are all expected frequencies and at least 1 and, at most, 20% of the expected frequencies are less than 5. The formula used to calculate the chi-square is Σ[(Ο-Ε)2/Ε], where Ο is the observed frequency and Ε is the expected frequency. If the test statistic is in the reject region, the team will reject the null hypothesis.

The other choices are incorrect conditions for a chi-square test used in hypothesis testing.

92.

A green belt project proposal includes a problem definition, a way to measure the severity of the problem, and what else?

  • How the problem impacts the organization’s goals

  • A data collection plan

  • A SIPOC diagram

  • A list of impacted customers

Correct answer: How the problem impacts the organization’s goals

During the project selection process, a project proposal should include a detailed description of the problem, initial measures of the severity of the problem, and how the problem impacts the organization’s goals.

A data collection plan is completed during the Measure phase of an approved project, and at this point, the project is being proposed. A SIPOC diagram is used to document a process and its suppliers, inputs, outputs, and customers. A list of impacted customers is developed after a project is approved to proceed.  

93.

Which of these would you include in the procedure for determining the confidence interval for a regression line?

  • Set the conditions for the test

  • Calculate the standard deviation

  • Determine the hypothesis value

  • If the test statistic is beyond one of the critical values, accept the null hypothesis

Correct answer: Set the conditions for the test

Setting the conditions for the test is a step used in the procedure for determining the confidence interval for a regression line. When performing the procedure for testing simple regression, the green belt would set the conditions for test, determine the population regression equation, determine a hypothesis, decide on the alpha value, and calculate the value of the T-test.

Calculate the standard deviation is incorrect as the standard deviations will be equal.

Determine the hypothesis value is incorrect as the value cannot be determined.

If the test statistic is beyond one of the critical values, accept the null hypothesis is incorrect because when the test statistic is beyond one of the critical values, you reject the null hypothesis.

94.

The experimental design method used in the design of experiments, similar to stratified random sampling, where block designs are constructed to reduce noise or variance in the data is called which of the following?

  • Randomized block

  • Latin square

  • Youden square

  • Response surface

Correct answer: Randomized block

Randomized block is the experimental design method used in the design of experiments, similar to stratified random sampling, where block designs are constructed to reduce noise or variance in the data. When material or environments can be blocked, randomized blocks can be used to investigate a single factor.

Latin square is incorrect because it is used to investigate a primary factor while controlling the interactions of other variables. Youden square is incorrect because it is the same as a Latin square. Response surface is incorrect because it is used to provide contour diagrams and maps showing factor influence.

95.

Which of these choices would be a specific combination of experimental factor levels compared to single factors?

  • Treatment

  • Factor

  • Block

  • Experimental design

Correct answer: Treatment

A treatment is a specific combination of experimental factor levels which is compared to single factors. A single treatment is a single experimental unit during an experimental run.

Factors are the variables controlled by the experimenter and can be viewed as the stimulus for the experiment when the variables affect the response. Block is a portion of experimental material distinct from other portions. Experimental design is a formal experiment plan.

96.

To set up a control chart, process variables and conditions are identified, and then a testing point is determined. After the type of control chart is selected, what is the final step?

  • Determine the central line to calculate process limits

  • Set control limits at ±3 standard deviations

  • Select key process input variables

  • Establish the ability of the process to meet customer demands

Correct answer: Determine the central line to calculate process limits

Once process variables and conditions are identified, a testing point is determined. After the type of control chart is selected, the final step to set up a control chart is to determine the central line to calculate process limits.

Setting control limits at ±3 standard deviations occurs after the central line has been determined. Key process input variables are selected prior to determining the central line. The ability of the process to meet customer demands is determined as a result of the control chart analysis.

97.

Which of the answers gives the best definition of interaction effects?

  • Estimates of how the effect of one input factor on the output depends on the level of another input factor

  • One input factor dependent on another input factor

  • One input factor independent on another input factor

  • Estimates of how the effect of one input factor on the output is independent of the level of another input factor

Correct answer: Estimates of how the effect of one input factor on the output depends on the level of another input factor

Interaction effects estimate the effect of one input factor on the output depending on the level of another input factor. The preferred DOE approach screens a large number of factors with highly fractional experiments. Once suspected factors have been reduced, interactions are explored or additional levels are examined.

The other answer options are incorrect because they are not descriptions of interaction effects.

98.

The data to be plotted on a variable chart are the results of measurements on what type of scale?

  • Continuous

  • Ordinal

  • Nominal

  • Intermittent

Correct answer: Continuous

Variable data are measured on a continuous scale. Variable data can be measured in fractions or decimals such as temperature or distance. Continuous and variable data are synonymous. The data on the plot of a variable chart are the results of measurements on a variable or continuous scale.

Ordinal numbers represent position or rank in a sequential order. Nominal numbers are used for labeling variables without any quantitative value. Intermittent is not data on a variable chart.

99.

Which of these guidelines is not followed in hypothesis tests?

  • The statistic is combined with a reference set of statistics or criteria

  • Begin with a statistic or set of criteria

  • Create null and alternative hypotheses

  • The way the calculated statistic compares to the beginning statistic determines whether you accept or reject the null hypothesis

Correct answer: The statistic is combined with a reference set of statistics or criteria

All hypothesis tests basically follow the guidelines of beginning with a statistic or set of criteria, creating null and alternative hypotheses, and comparing the statistic to a reference set of criteria or distribution. The way the calculated statistic compares to the beginning statistic determines whether you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

100.

Jonathon is working up the descriptive statistics of his data on cabbage butterfly pupae emergence rate (hatch/no hatch) given the concentration of a new, biological spray designed to inhibit pupae emergence. Which central tendency metric should he utilize?

  • Mode

  • Median

  • Mean

  • Spread

Correct answer: Mode

Since Jonathon is dealing with categorical data, he must use mode. Median, spread, and mean are utilized with continuous data.

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