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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ASQ CSSGB Exam Questions

Page 6 of 50

101.

In regard to performing an FMEA, the occurrence rating corresponds with which of the following?

  • Likelihood at which the cause can happen

  • Each effect the failure mode can cause

  • Willingness to correct the failure

  • Ability to notice the occurrence of the failure mode

Correct answer: Likelihood at which the cause can happen

In regard to performing an FMEA, the occurrence rating corresponds with the likelihood at which the cause can happen. The occurrence rating is rated using a scale from 1 to 10, with 10 being the highest occurrence. The occurrence rating is used in conjunction with the severity rating and the detection rating to come up with the risk priority number, which is used to determine which process design carries the highest risk.

The severity rating corresponds with each effect the failure mode can cause. The detection rating corresponds with the ability to notice the occurrence of the failure mode. The willingness to correct the failure is incorrect, as it does not describe the occurrence rating.

102.

In experimental design, when you can't tell via the design whether an interaction effect would more significant than a main effect, what problem do you have?

  • Confounding

  • Indetermination

  • Duplication

  • Opposivity

Correct answer: Confounding

Say that the A × B interaction column in a design has the same configuration as the C column. This means that when the C main effect is calculated, it is not clear whether the effect is due to factor C or the interaction between A × B or, more likely, a combination of these two causes, which is called confounding. In this case, statisticians say that the main effect C is confounded with the interaction effect A × B.

"Indetermination", "Duplication" and "Opposivity" are wrong because they are all not descriptive of the interaction effect duplicating a main effect.

103.

Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) contains three factors that track the efficiency and effectiveness of processes and equipment. Which OEE factor reflects losses due to equipment failures, setup, and adjustments?

  • Availability

  • Performance

  • Quality

  • Visualization

Correct answer: Availability

Availability is the OEE factor that reflects losses due to equipment failures, setup, and adjustments. Availability is the percentage of time equipment is available for production within the total working period. The formula used for OEE is: OEE = Availability x Performance x Quality.

Performance is the OEE factor that reflects losses due to idling, stoppages, and slower place. Quality is the OEE factor that reflects losses due to process defects and reduced product yield. Visualization is not one of the three factors of OEE.

104.

What is the Performance Capability (Pp) of a part placement process that has a specification of +/- 3 mm in the X axis and a sample standard deviation of 1 mm?

  • 1

  • 0.5

  • 2

  • 6

Correct answer: 1

The Performance Capability of a process shows what short term Performance a process is capable of. The formula is Pp = (USL - LSL) / 6s. In this case then Pp = (3mm - ( -3mm))/(6 x 1mm) = 1.

0.5, 2, and 6 are wrong because they are not results of using the formula for Pp.

105.

What is the principal difference between performance capability and process capability measurements?

  • Sample standard deviation (s) is used instead of standard deviation

  • Performance capability data does not require a stable process

  • The sums are squared for performance capability

  • Specification limits are excluded from calculations

Correct answer: Sample standard deviation (s) is used instead of standard deviation

The principal difference between performance capability and process capability measurements is that the sample standard deviation (s) is used in performance indices instead of standard deviation. Both indices require a stable process to be valid.

Summing of squares for performance capability is not performed.

Excluding specification limits from calculations is also not true for performance capability indices.

106.

In the design of experiments, the effect of input factors on a process would be what?

  • The response

  • The block

  • The treatment

  • The experimental error

Correct answer: The response

In the design of experiments, the effect of input factors on a process would be the response. Treatment error occurs in the design of experiments as a combination of factor levels used in the experiment. Factors and levels impact experimental design, which evaluates the effect of factors on the response.

The block is a portion of the experimental material. The treatment is a single level assigned to a single factor. The experimental error is the variation in the response variable.

107.

Which chart is most useful with a constant sample size and data presented as a percentage?

  • np-chart

  • p-chart

  • u-chart

  • c-chart

Correct answer: np-chart

The np-chart is used when there is attribute data, which is presented as a percentage, not a count, and when there is a constant sample size.

The p-chart doesn’t require a constant sample size.

The u-chart doesn’t require a constant sample size and presents the data as a count.

In the c-chart, the data is presented as a count.

108.

Which design-of-experiments tool is used to organize the experiment so that combinations run in an arbitrary manner to improve statistical validity?

  • Randomization

  • Replication

  • Repetition

  • Planned grouping

Correct answer: Randomization

Randomization organizes the experiment so that combinations run in an arbitrary manner to improve statistical validity.

Replication repeats observations to create precision, reduce measurement errors, and balance unknown factors. Repetition is the process of running experiment trials under the same machine parameter setup. Planned grouping is done to encourage uniformity in an experimental sample and minimize the effects of unwanted variables.

109.

The production capacity chart shows the capacity of machines and/or people in a process. What does it identify?

  • Bottlenecks in the process

  • Process time needed

  • Operational time per shift

  • Setup time between shifts

Correct answer: Bottlenecks in the process

The production capacity chart shows the capacity of machines and/or people in a process and is used to detect bottlenecks in the process.

Process time, operational time per shift, and setup time are parts of the capacity calculation. 

110.

Your designed experiment suggests that factors A and C are causing an increase in the moisture content of your process. What next step do you take to determine whether this increase is significant?

  • Run ANOVA

  • Compare factors A and C to factors B and D

  • Run scatter plots of the output of all four factors

  • Run a t-test

Correct answer: Run ANOVA

Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) is used after design of experiment to determine whether a difference between inputs is significant. It compares the main effect to the F-statistic.

Comparing factors A and C to factors B and D will not find significance in the differences. Running scatter plots of the output of all four factors is not a feasible solution to find significance in differences. A t-test is less effective than ANOVA to analyze the variance and compare the main effects.

111.

Which of the following is not an example of negative team dynamics?

  • A sense of belonging in the group

  • Failure to meet goals and objectives of the project/task

  • Team trust to the point where assumptions can be taken at face value

  • The team has grown very close making debate unnecessary

Correct answer: A sense of belonging in the group

Negative team dynamics happen when individuals or groups within an organization behave in a way that impacts each other's ability to perform effectively. They may cause problems such as failure to meet goals and objectives of the project or task, not challenging assumptions, and not thoroughly exploring new ideas or solutions through health debate.

112.

Which DMAIC phase includes identifying the inputs that are affecting the outputs of the process?

  • Improve

  • Measure

  • Analyze

  • Define

Correct answer: Improve

The DMAIC model represents define, measure, analyze, improve, and control. The improve phase is used to act on data to enhance or perfect (improve) the process. The improve phase utilizes management commitment, process improvement, organizational development, variation reduction, problem-solving, brainstorm alternatives, "should be" flowchart creation, FMEA, cost of quality, and design of experiments. All of these activities help the team to understand specific inputs that are affecting the outputs of the process being studied.

The measure phase is used to collect data from the process.

The analyze phase is used to study the process and data to determine problems.

The define phase is used to identify causes of issues and customer satisfaction problems.

113.

Which graphical method is used to show interquartile range in one graph?

  • Box and whisker plot

  • Stem and leaf plot

  • Frequency distribution

  • Run chart

Correct answer: Box and whisker plot

The box and whisker plot is used to show interquartile range in one graph. Box and whisker plot provides for a view of the minimum, maximum, median, and interquartile range. The outliers on a box and whisker plot are easily identified on the graph because they appear outside of the whiskers on the graph.

Stem and leaf plot is incorrect as this provides numerical data information on the contents of cells in a frequency distribution.

Frequency distribution is incorrect as this provides a pictorial view of numerical data about location and spread.

A run chart can show descriptive statistics like mean and median, but not interquartile range.

114.

Lean is the application of tools that allows a Six Sigma team to remove waste and variation contained within a process. Which lean tool specifically enables just-in-time manufacturing?

  • Takt time

  • 5S

  • Visual factory

  • Kaizen

Correct answer: Takt time

Takt time is the available production time divided by customer demand. The purpose is to precisely match production with demand. This is the primary goal of just-in-time, which relies heavily on computation and use of takt time to achieve its goals.

Kaizen is the lean tool used to pursue low-cost gradual improvement of processes. Kaizen is a Japanese term that represents a gradual unending improvement by doing little things better and setting and achieving increasingly higher standards. Every kaizen should aim to eliminate waste or create more value for the customer.

5S is the lean tool used to create order and organization.

Visual factory is the lean tool that allows prompt viewing of a process’s status. Pull systems are a lean tool used to stage materials at the point of application and avoids excess inventory by limiting restocking.

115.

What does the use of short run techniques entail when developing control charts?

  • Setting target values and determining machine variation based on data

  • Developing a series of trials with a sample size of 25

  • Collecting short run data in increments of 60 minutes

  • Developing random samples throughout the operational period of the machinery

Correct answer: Setting target values and determining machine variation based on data

When developing control charts, the use of short run techniques entails setting target values and determining machine variation based on data. This involves charting the machinery plus and minus values for the control chart. Short run charts are used for p charts, np charts, c charts, and u charts, which are control charts for attributes.

The other choices are fabricated responses incorrectly describing a sort run technique.

116.

Which design of experiments component is used to remove systematic error?

  • Replication

  • Order

  • Efficiency

  • Randomization

Correct answer: Replication

Replication is used to remove systematic error. The number of tests should equal the number of replications. Replication is used to increase precision and reduce measurement error as well as balance unknown factors.

Order is the numeric progression in which a product or service is produced. Efficiency is the lowest possible variance from any estimator divided by the expected variance of the selected estimator. Randomization is used in experimental designs to prevent systematic patterns and to convert patterns into variation that can be detected in analysis.

117.

Sophia, an HR manager, is generating a graphic which displays gross income by age across her company. Which further action must she take to generate a cumulative frequency distribution?

  • Include a line graph depicting total salary

  • Include a line graph depicting mean gross salary by age

  • Include a box and whiskers by age depicting the variation of salary within each age group

  • Include notations showing outliers by age group

Correct answer: Include a line graph depicting total salary

If a line showing totals of the frequencies to that point is added to a frequency distribution, the result is called a cumulative frequency distribution.

The other answer choices are wrong because none of them describe the cumulative total of frequencies.

118.

When testing a hypothesis for means of a right-tailed test, you would use a Z-table to find the value that has an area of which of the following?

  • α to its right

  • α to its left

  • α/2 to its right

  • α/2 to its left

Correct answer: α to its right

When testing a hypothesis for means of a right-tailed test, you would use a Z-table to find the value that has an area of α to its right. This value is the only value that is critical, as the reject region will only be the area to the right of the positive value.

The other choices are incorrect as α/2 to its right is used for a two-tail test and the other two choices are not used.

119.

Which of the critical actions to creating a control plan which assures monitoring and measuring of the control subjects and the actions to perform is true:

  • Assign and delegate the people who will analyze results to determine when processes are out of control and diagnose assignable causes

  • Specify variables with direct or indirect impact on the process and the control limits

  • Measure different control variables on a frequent basis against each other

  • Establish medians and averages for when to take action

Correct answer: Assign and delegate the people who will analyze results to determine when processes are out of control and diagnose assignable causes

There are several steps in creating a control plan to assure monitoring and measuring of control subjects and actions to perform. One of them is to assign and delegate the people who will analyze results to determine when processes are out of control and diagnose assignable causes.

You should specify variables with a direct or indirect impact on the remedy and the customer, measure and set baselines for the different control variables, and establish the control limits and standards for when to take action.

120.

When planning a test program, which classification of experimental design would a green belt use to reduce combinations of factors and levels requiring to be run?

  • Fractional (or 2k) factorials

  • Blocked factorials

  • Randomized blocks

  • Completely randomized

Correct answer: Fractional (or 2k) factorials

When planning a test program, a green belt would use fractional factorials (also known as 2k,) to reduce combinations of factors and levels requiring to be run. Fractional factorials reduce the combinations and levels in order to result in a close estimate of a full factorial.

Blocked factorials reduce the number of runs. Randomized blocks investigate single factors. Completely randomized experiments only analyze one factor.

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