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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ASQ CSSGB Exam Questions

Page 9 of 50

161.

Process capacity is a lean tool used to calculate and understand a particular work area’s equipment capacity. How is process capacity calculated?

  • Capacity = Available time per shift / (Total cycle time per piece + Tool change time per piece)

  • Capacity = (Total cycle time per piece + Tool change time per piece) / Available time per shift

  • Capacity = (Available time per shift + Total cycle time per piece) / Total change time per piece

  • Capacity = Total cycle time per piece / (Available time per shift + Tool change time per piece)

Correct answer: Capacity = Available time per shift / (Total cycle time per piece + Tool change time per piece)

The process capacity is calculated as follows: Capacity = Available time per shift / (Total cycle time per piece + Tool change time per piece). The capacity of the equipment in a work area is based on machine time per piece, manual time per piece, total cycle time per piece, number of pieces before a tool change is needed, time required to perform a tool change, tool change time per piece, and available time per shift.

The other choices are incorrect because they do not represent the appropriate formula used to calculate process capacity.

162.

Which variation and measurement data shows the difference between absolute value and the true value of measures?

  • Bias

  • Repeatability

  • Stability

  • Linearity

Correct answer: Bias

Bias shows the difference between absolute value and the true value of measures. Bias is shown in respect to a standard master at various measurement points of a measuring range.

Repeatability is incorrect because it shows variation in measurement when measured by one appraiser over time. Stability is incorrect because it shows the drift in absolute value over time. Linearity is incorrect because it shows the accuracy of measurements from various measurement points in a measuring range.

163.

The probability of Event A is 0.4. The probability of Event B is 0.2, and the probability of both occurring is 0.1. What is the probability of A or B occurring but not both?

  • 0.5

  • 0.7

  • 0.1

  • 0.3

Correct answer: 0.5

Per the general addition rule of probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B). Therefore, the probability that A or B occurs but that both events do not occur is 0.4 + 0.2 – 0.1 = 0.5.

0.7, 0.1, and 0.3 are not the sum of the general addition rule for P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B).

164.

What is the result of non-randomization in an R&R study?

  • Knowledge bias

  • Incorrect measures

  • Unrepeatable results

  • Alterations

Correct answer: Knowledge bias

Knowledge bias is the result of non-randomization in an R&R study. Not randomizing during an R&R study introduces knowledge (remembering measurements) bias in repetitive measurement trials. This includes not randomizing the samples during measurement.

Incorrect measures would not be a result of non-randomization. Unrepeatable results and alterations are incorrect because they are not factors in an R&R study.

165.

Process maps that include multiple departments or functions, with process blocks aligned with the department doing the work, are known as which type of mapping?

  • Swim lane mapping

  • Value stream mapping

  • SIPOC

  • Hybrid mapping

Correct answer: Swim lane mapping

Process mapping that crosses multiple departments or functions and includes process blocks aligned to the department performing the work is known as swim lane mapping.

Value stream mapping is used to illustrate the movement of information, inventory, and material based on customer demand and does not align process blocks to the department performing the work. A SIPOC diagram is used to document a process and its suppliers, inputs, outputs, and customers and is not aligned to the department performing the work. Hybrid mapping is not a term used in Six Sigma.

166.

Which of the following is a goal of rational subgrouping?

  • Selection of subgroups should result in groups as homogeneous as possible

  • Selection of subgroups should result in groups as inhomogeneous as possible

  • Selection of groups should result in subgroups as homogeneous as possible

  • Selection of chart types should result in groups as homogeneous as possible

Correct answer: Selection of subgroups should result in groups as homogeneous as possible

In rational subgrouping, the division of observations into rational subgroups is key. Success of control charting depends on the selection of subgroups—selection should result in groups as homogeneous as possible.

"Selection of subgroups should result in groups as inhomogeneous as possible", "Selection of groups should result in subgroups as homogeneous as possible" and "Selection of chart types should result in groups as homogeneous as possible" are wrong because they are not goals of rational subgrouping.

167.

In Statistical Process Control, when do Type I errors occur?

  • When a behavior treated as a special cause has no effect in the process

  • When special causes affecting the process are not addressed

  • When tampering or impulsively modifying the process to reduce variation

  • When not taking action on the process

Correct answer: When a behavior treated as a special cause has no effect in the process

A Type I error occurs when you reject the null hypothesis during a hypothesis test when, in fact, the null hypothesis is true. Therefore, in Statistical Process Control (SPC), Type I errors occur when a behavior treated as a special cause has no effect in the process.

"When special causes affecting the process are not addressed", "When tampering or impulsively modifying the process to reduce variation" and "When not taking action on the process" are wrong because they are not descriptive of Type I errors in SPC.

168.

A leader is comparing rejected products with three types of defects and is curious whether the current distribution of defects differs from the historical distribution. What type of hypothesis test should they perform?

  • Chi-square test

  • One-proportion test

  • F-test

  • Two-sample t-test

Correct answer: Chi-square test

A chi-square test is run to compare standard deviation or variance between two samples of the same factor, possibly including one sample after a process change has been made or comparing the standard deviation or variance to a target.

The one-proportion test is used for one factor of x. The F-test is the ratio of two variances. A two-sample t-test is used to compare means. 

169.

A Six Sigma project team should use a multi-vari study for which of the following purposes?

  • Investigating the stability of a process

  • Mapping the current process

  • Validating a measurement system

  • Identifying risks

Correct answer: Investigating the stability of a process

A Six Sigma project team should use a multi-vari study for investigating the stability of a process. A multi-vari study is helpful when investigating a process's stability or consistency. Multi-vari studies are used to identify variation, which includes cyclical, temporal, and positional variation.

Process maps, or flowcharts, are used to map current processes. Other tools, such as Gauge R&R are used in the measure phase to validate a measurement system.

An FMEA is used to identify risks.

170.

In which phase of IDOV are Critical To Quality (CTQ) variables first utilized?

  • Identify

  • Design

  • Optimize

  • Validate

Correct answer: Identify

As part of the Identify phase, the Green Belt will identify critical to quality (CTQ) variables, customer requirements, and project roles and responsibilities, among other things.

While CTQs are important throughout Design, Optimize, and Validate, CTQs are first utilized in Identify.

171.

Which technique shows the relation between the vital few and trivial many?

  • Pareto chart

  • Measles chart

  • Nominal group technique

  • Fishbone diagram

Correct answer: Pareto chart

A Pareto chart shows the relation between the vital few and trivial many. Data in the Pareto diagram is based on frequency of occurrence that assigns weights based on criticality and is multiplied by the occurrence to develop a weighted score. The Pareto chart arranges data in descending order of frequency of occurrence and it generally groups the "trivial many" data into a "miscellaneous" section.

Measles chart is incorrect because it is used to show data in specific locations and is useful in large products where there may be numerous defects. Nominal group technique is incorrect because it is used to rank priorities. Fishbone diagram is incorrect because it is used to show the relationships between X and Y.

172.

What is the main difference between a Design FMEA and a Process FMEA?

  • A Design FMEA is focused on issues in creating designs while a Process FMEA should be done prior to developing a process layout.

  • The Process FMEA focuses on the producibility of the product.

  • The Process FMEA is completed prior to the Design FMEA.

  • They are essentially the same document.

Correct answer: A Design FMEA is focused on issues in creating designs while a Process FMEA should be done prior to developing a process layout.

A Design FMEA is about product design and typically is completed by designers and process engineers included in the team.

A Process FMEA is used to develop the layout for a manufacturing setup or how to configure parts or components. It doesn't focus on producibility as its primary function. That is the domain of the Design FMEA.

All FMEAs have a severity rating and consider severity of impact. The Process FMEA is completed after the Design FMEA.

173.

Which of the following answers best describes jidoka?

  • Sensible automation

  • Serious attitude to work

  • Skylarking

  • Material signals

Correct answer: Sensible automation

Sensible automation, or jidoka, as it is referred to in lean, gives equipment the ability to distinguish good parts from bad parts autonomously, without being monitored by an operator.

The other answer choices do not describe jidoka.

174.

An example of the data point that would help determine defects in an automobile assembly line is called what?

  • Locational data

  • Descriptive data

  • Contiguous data

  • Variable data

Correct answer: Locational data

Locational data would help determine defects in an automobile assembly line. This is done through a combination of continuous and discrete data measurements in an assembly line coupled with arithmetic and statistical operations to determine a defect in a large surface area. Locational data is a useful data and measurement scale when needing to determine where data are coming from.

Descriptive data is incorrect because it does not determine a specific location. Contiguous data results from a measurement on a continuous scale such as length. Variable data is incorrect as it is the same as continuous data on a continuous scale such as temperature.

175.

Multi-vari studies are very useful for investigating what aspect of a process?

  • Stability or consistency

  • Ability to meet customer specifications

  • Stability around upper specification limits

  • Fit to regression line

Correct answer: Stability or consistency

Multi-vari studies are a great tool to use when investigating the stability or consistency of a process. They may help to uncover where variability is originating within a process.

Multi-vari studies are not used to investigate a process's alignment with customer specifications, stability in upper specification limits, or fit to a regression line. 

176.

The identification and consideration of the various elements that interrelate with a common purpose toward a whole function of a unit are called which of the following?

  • Systems thinking

  • Process improvement

  • Quality management

  • Continuous improvement

Correct answer: Systems thinking

Systems thinking is the identification and consideration of the various elements that interrelate with a common purpose toward a whole function of a unit. Systems thinking is used to determine factors and influences on processes in order to use tools and new processes to reduce variation to satisfy the customer.

Process improvement is incorrect because it is the act of making a process work better. Quality management is incorrect because it is the act of managing a process in order to reach maximum customer satisfaction at the least overall cost. Continuous improvement is the ongoing process of improving processes and services.

177.

When using Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, & Control) (DMAIC), which phase is the least likely to be a logical point to apply 5S?

  • Measure

  • Analyze

  • Improve

  • Control

Correct answer: Measure

In the Measure phase, the Green Belt establishes the data collection plan and starts to gather data. 5S is therefore not needed.

During the Analyze phase, the 5S process is applied to organize items that are needed and discard items that are not.

During the Improve phase, various forms of 5S can be experimented with to determine the optimum implementation of this technique.

In the Control phase, 5S is used to sustain improvements.

178.

What kind of standard data type is percentage of defects?

  • Discrete

  • Continuous

  • Fuzzy

  • Universal

Correct answer: Discrete

Quantitative data are grouped into two types, continuous (also called variables) and discrete (also called attributes). Continuous data result from measurement on some continuous scale such as length, weight, temperature, and so on. These scales are called continuous because between any two values there are an infinite number of other values. Discrete data result from counting the occurrence of events. Percentage of defects is considered attribute because the discrete number of counts is divided by a discrete overall count so there are gaps between possible values.

Continuous is wrong because percentage of defects is not continuous because it comes from only discrete values. Fuzzy is wrong because it is not a standard data type, and universal is not a data type.

179.

Which of the following is not a quadrant when performing stakeholder analysis?

  • Easygoing

  • Minimal Effort

  • Keep Informed

  • Keep Satisfied

Correct answer: Easygoing 

Stakeholder analysis is a useful tool that provides teams insight into how to manage relations with stakeholders. Its four quadrants are Keep Satisfied, Minimal Effort, Keep Informed, and Key Player.

Keep Satisfied, Minimal Effort, Keep Informed are wrong because they are quadrants in the stakeholder analysis tool.

180.

Which of these is used in destructive testing and reliability testing applications where a higher cost is involved in testing each individual unit?

  • Sequential sampling

  • Random sampling

  • Stratified sampling

  • Automatic sampling

Correct answer: Sequential sampling

Sequential sampling is used in destructive testing and reliability testing applications where a higher cost is involved in testing each individual unit. In sequential sampling, each individual sample is tested until the desired result is reached.

Random sampling is incorrect because each sample is randomly picked from a lot and has an equal probability of being picked. Stratified sampling is used when there is a mixture of parts from different machines and there is homogeneity of the lot. Automatic sampling is incorrect because it is not a type of sampling used to ensure accuracy and integrity.

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