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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

BCSP CSP Exam Questions

Page 8 of 50

141.

The science of human performance can be illustrated through the Human Performance System Interaction Model, which has six components consisting of; the sensory, cognitive, musculoskeletal, machine input device, machine Computer Processing Unit (CPU), and what other final component? 

  • Machine display component

  • Execution component

  • Processing component

  • Information rejection component

Correct answer: Machine display component

The first step in the model, the human sensory component, describes how we humans receive information from the environment. 

The next step, the human cognitive component, is where the inputs are processed through our short and long term memory, comprehension occurs, and decisions are made. 

Next is the musculoskeletal component, where we decide upon a course of action or behavior, and interface with the system with our skeletal-muscular system. 

The next step in the model is the human input device component, where the human operators use their psychomotor skills to manipulate system controls such as switches, keyboards, touchscreens etc., to maintain system operations.

Following the operator input, the system should operate in an anticipated manner as designed. This is the machine's CPU component. 

Finally, the systems' various sensors monitor the system’s status and provide feedback to the operator in the form of audible signals, visual displays, or other sensory mechanisms. This is the machine display component.

The remaining answers are not part of the human performance analysis system.  

142.

Which of the following contains a training session's goals and course requirements?

  • Course outline

  • Evaluation

  • Instructor job description

  • Performance objectives 

Correct answer: Course outline

A training course outline clearly identifies how the course is to be conducted and serves as the basis for curriculum development. 

Items included in the course outline are:

  • a general course description
  • course goals and objectives
  • an outline of the course structure
  • course requirements (i.e., how the training will be evaluated)

Evaluations are completed at the end of a course. The instructor's job description and performance objectives are also not included in the course outline.

143.

Your company received an order for a product that requires using a milling machine that has not been used in years. There are no available training materials to provide instructions on how to operate this machine. The work analysis identified that only a basic knowledge of the machine's operations is needed to complete the work. There is one mechanic in the company with knowledge of how to operate this machine. What type of training should be conducted for the personnel at your company to perform this operation?  

  • On-the-job training

  • Instructor-led training

  • Online training

  • Classroom training

Correct answer: On-the-job training

A work analysis focuses on the desired skill and performance requirements of the job that needs to be accomplished. This type of analysis is also referred to as a task or job analysis. In this particular case, since there's no documentation available, the need for an experienced mechanic to provide on-the-job training is imperative.   

Instructor-led training is effective for theoretical knowledge but is less practical for hands-on skills required for operating machinery without immediate access to the equipment. 

Online training videos might provide theoretical knowledge, but they lack the practical, hands-on experience needed to operate the milling machine effectively. 

Classroom training is less effective for acquiring hands-on skills and immediate problem-solving techniques than on-the-job training.

 

144.

Heinrich, a safety expert, concluded that only a certain percentage of accidents cannot be avoided. What is that percentage?

  • 2%

  • 0%

  • 8%

  • 15%

Correct answer: 2%

According to Heinrich's theory, a personal injury only occurs as a result of a hazard, which exists only through the fault of careless persons or poorly designed or improperly maintained equipment. Heinrich was one of the pioneers of safety, loss control, and accident prevention. He started this work in the 1930s.

Heinrich stated that accidents were primarily the result of unsafe acts (88%) or unsafe conditions (10%) or unavoidable (2%). He believed that personal faults are inherited or acquired as a result of their social environment or acquired by ancestry.

145.

The total cost of a loan paid over five years is $67,600. The interest rate is 6%. Assuming there is no compounding interest, what was the original amount of the loan? 

Use the formula I = pni, where I = the amount of interest paid, p = principal (amount borrowed), n = number of years (or period), and i = interest rate.

  • $52,000

  • $49,000

  • $58,000

  • $62,000

Correct answer: $52,000

To calculate simple interest, use the following equation:

I = pni

Since the total cost equals the principal added to the amount of interest paid, set up an equation in terms of p:

Total cost = I + p = pni + p

Solve for p.

pni + p = p(5)(0.06) + p = $67,600

0.3p + p = $67,600

1.3p = $67,600

p = $52,000

146.

What is used to calculate the significance of observed differences between the means of two samples, as well as determine the difference between two population parameters?

  • T-test

  • Spearman's rho

  • Chi-square statistic

  • Degrees of freedom

Correct answer: T-test 

The t-test is used to calculate the significance of observed differences between the means of two samples, and it can also determine if there is a difference between two population parameters.

The Spearman rank, or rho, examines the correlation between two sets of numbers. The value of rho will be between +1 and -1, where -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation and +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation. If the value is between 0.7 and -0.7, it is considered too weak to be a significant result.

Chi-square statistics are useful in comparing observed distributions to theoretical ones. Degrees of freedom can be described as the number of values that are free to vary.

147.

Positioning devices should be rigged so that an employee cannot free-fall more than what distance?

  • 2 feet

  • 10 feet

  • 15 feet

  • 8 feet

Correct answer: 2 feet

Positioning devices are designed to allow workers to work without fear of falling. They are not to be confused with fall arrest systems. Positioning devices often attach to the belt or hips of the employee (an act that is prohibited for fall protection) and are used in vertical work, such as concrete forming, installation of reinforced steel, and certain telecommunications work.   

They should be rigged so that an employee cannot free-fall more than 2 feet and should be secured to an anchorage capable of supporting at least twice the potential impact load of an employee's fall or 3,000 pounds, whichever is greater.

148.

Which standard related to occupational exposure to hazardous substances is enforceable by law? 

  • PEL

  • TLV

  • TWA

  • UEL

Correct answer: PEL

The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) establishes the maximum exposure concentration to a contaminant that an employee can be exposed to during an eight-hour workday. The OSHA PEL is the only standard that is enforceable by law. Each contaminant has its own unique PEL and can be found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 (Table Z-l). 

The Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The TLV establishes the exposure time for various contaminants for an eight-hour workday. For some contaminants, exposure concentrations may be more stringent than the PEL. The TLV is not enforceable under the law. If faced with a conflict in standards, the safety professional should always defer to the more stringent standard. The TLV can be found on a product's material safety data sheet.

Time-Weighted Average (TWA) is the concentration that an employee is exposed to for a specified period. The PEL and TLV are both established for a TWA of eight hours. The TWA is based on the OSHA PEL or the ACGIH TLV.  

The UEL is the Upper Explosion Limit, which is the maximum concentration of a gas or vapor that will burn in air and is not relevant to this question.  

149.

What is the atomic weight of hydrogen phosphate (H2PO4)?

  • 96.97 g

  • 94.97 g

  • 69.97g

  • 65.99 g

Correct answer: 96.97 g

The atomic weight of compounds is determined by adding the atomic weight of individual atoms, remembering to multiply the individual weights by the number of atoms of each present in the compound.

  • Hydrogen: 2 atoms x 1 (atomic weight) = 2
  • Phosphorous: 1 atom x 30.9738 (atomic weight) = 30.9738
  • Oxygen: 4 atoms x 15.9994 (atomic weight) = 63.9976

2 + 30.9738 + 63.9976 = 96.9714 g

Therefore, 1 mol of H2PO4 would weigh 96.9714 g.

The other answer options are incorrect and are likely from an error or miscalculation in your equation. 

150.

A safety program manager noticed a trend of employees reporting back pain after completing a specific job task. The manager researched the task and determined that teaching employees how to stretch properly could help solve the problem. 

What did this manager conduct?

  • Performance analysis

  • Instructional design

  • Course evaluation

  • Materials acquisition or development

Correct answer: Performance analysis

Developing a company safety training program requires a thoughtful and disciplined approach, starting with a performance or needs analysis.

Performance Analysis: The needs analysis establishes the workplace problem to be solved and indicates whether training would be a solution. If training is a part of the solution, then a deeper dive can begin to look at specific job skills or knowledge needed. 

Instructional Design: Once a performance analysis is completed, the safety professional can address specific methods to be used for employee training, including any materials that may be necessary and the order in which the training should occur.

Materials Acquisition or Development: Keeping the audience in mind, the training instructor obtains the appropriate training materials.

Course Evaluation: The final step of a safety training program is to evaluate completed training. This can be as simple as utilizing a structured questionnaire or evaluating on-the-job performance for improvements.

151.

When do tort laws protect employees if they are fired for safety and health-related reasons? 

  • If they refuse to perform illegally hazardous work

  • If the employee conducted a willful violation of a safety rule

  • If the employee accidently violated a safety rule

  • If the employee accidently violated a RCRA rule

Correct answer: If they refuse to perform illegally hazardous work

Employees that were fired for refusing to conduct illegally hazardous work may bring a civil lawsuit to get their job back and receive compensatory and punitive damages under tort law.  

The remaining answers are incorrect. Employees can be held liable for willful violations, and therefore not protected under tort law. Employees can also be held personally liable for RCRA violations even if they did not intentionally violate regulations.     

152.

Which resource listed can provide the BEST support when making preliminary plans to conduct air sampling?

  • American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) accredited laboratory

  • NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods

  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Index of Analytical Methods

  • National Safety Institute

Correct answer: American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) accredited laboratory

By using an AIHA-accredited laboratory, you are assured of laboratory quality assurance/ quality control and validity of the sample analysis. The AIHA laboratory director can also serve as a great resource when determining the sampling methodology. 

153.

Workplace violence accounts for what percentage of fatalities in the US workplace?

  • 8%-10%

  • 0%-2%

  • 15%

  • 3%-5%

Correct answer: 8%-10%

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) provides detailed counts of workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. According to the BLS, between 2011 and 2019, workplace homicides accounted for 8% to 10% of total workplace fatalities. Safety professionals should understand risk factors and indicators of workplace violence and know how to develop plans and programs to address them. 

OSHA has developed guidance documents to support industries in addressing workplace violence.

Although there are no specific OSHA standards addressing workplace violence, OSHA will use the General Duty Clause for enforcement authority. The General Duty Clause reads, "Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm." 

154.

What material lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction?

  • Catalyst

  • Buffer

  • Precipitate

  • Solute

Correct answer: Catalyst

A catalyst is a material that can increase the rate, or lower the required activation energy, for a given chemical reaction. A catalyst cannot be consumed during the reaction. 

155.

How do hazardous materials that were previously buried, spilled, or have seeped into the ground from run-off, migrate from the soil and get into the air in structures on the surface? 

  • Vapor Intrusion

  • Point Source Pollution

  • Nutrient Pollution

  • Nonpoint Source Pollution

Correct answer: Vapor Intrusion

Vapor Intrusion occurs when vapor-forming chemicals migrate from the soil and rise up into structures on the surface, impacting indoor air quality. This is how radon gas from naturally occurring uranium deposits in the earth's crust decays and seeps into our homes. 

Point Source Pollution results from contaminants entering a water body from a discrete discharge point or conveyance such as a pipe or ditch.

Nutrient Pollution occurs when too much nitrogen and phosphorus enter the environment from a wide range of human activities.  Too much nitrogen and phosphorus in the water causes algae to grow faster than ecosystems can handle. This creates algae blooms that can contaminate the water, negatively impact aquatic life, and be harmful to humans. 

Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPS) pollution, unlike point source pollution from industrial and sewage treatment plants, comes from many different sources. NPS pollution is caused by rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground. As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries natural and human-made pollutants, and deposits them in lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and ground waters.

156.

In addition to emergency actions, what BASIC information is required to be in every written emergency plan? 

  • Evacuation routes, assembly points, and emergency telephone numbers

  • A map of the facility with the location of elevators and stairs

  • The name and phone number of the local emergency response coordinator

  • Contact information for the building manager and fire warden

Correct answer: Evacuation routes, assembly points, and emergency telephone numbers

Every emergency action plan should have clearly written procedures for every likely emergency, with clear evacuation routes, assembly points, and emergency telephone numbers.

The other options may be optional components of a written emergency plan, but they are not required elements of every written emergency plan. 

157.

Following a leak test of an HVAC system, you've been assigned to verify that no freon has accumulated in the space as a result of the test.  

You perform the following checks on your instrument: 

  • Turn the instrument on to verify that the battery is in good condition
  • Check the physical integrity of the instrument to verify there is no damage

What else MUST be done with the instrument before you sample the area? 

  • Perform an operational check using a calibrated standard

  • Review the instrument's operating manual   

  • Verify that you can interpret the results 

  • Verify the needle deflection 

Correct answer: Perform an operational check using a calibrated standard

Prior to using the meter, it is imperative to verify that the instrument is operating properly by testing it with a calibrated test standard. The test standard is a cylinder that contains a certified concentration of gas (or combination of gases) recommended by the manufacturer to test the meter prior to use. This is also referred to as a "bump test," which must be performed prior to using the instrument to verify that the instrument will respond properly in the presence of the gas.  

If you have not used the instrument recently, it is always good practice to review the manufacturer’s operating instructions to make sure you understand how to use the meter and how to read and interpret the results. 

Verifying an accurate needle deflection is part of a satisfactory bump test. 

It's also your responsibility as a safety professional to ensure you receive adequate training on the instrument and understand what to do if you approach or exceed the action level during sampling.  

158.

All the following are examples of direct costs associated with accidents EXCEPT:

  • Supervisory time

  • Medical bills

  • Compensation

  • Benefits

Correct answer: Supervisory time

Workplace accidents have direct and indirect costs. Direct costs are items such as medical expenses, workers’ compensation payments, and costs for legal services. Indirect costs, such as lower employee morale, supervisory administrative time, and absenteeism, are more difficult to quantify and usually exceed direct costs by two to ten times.

OSHA has developed a useful program to help employers understand the true costs of incidents. That program, $afety Pays, provides a discussion of direct and indirect costs and includes a calculator for assessing the costs of incidents.

159.

A construction worker is building a wall that requires lifting 8 x 8 x 16 inch cinder blocks, that weigh 38 pounds each, and stacking them on a base that is 18 inches high. The job analysis determined a horizontal multiplier of 1, a vertical multiplier of .85, a distance multiplier of .94, an asymmetric multiplier of .86, and a frequency multiplier of .97.  

What would the Lifting Index (LI) be if the cinder blocks were determined to have an object coupling rating of "good"?   

  • 1.12

  • 3.4

  • .112

  • 11.2

Correct answer: 1.12

The Lifting Index (LI) describes the level of physical stress associated with a manual lifting task using the ratio of the load weight over the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL). The Recommended weight Limit (RWL) is defined as the weight that an average healthy worker could lift over a substantial period (e.g., up to eight hours) without an increased risk of lower back pain or injury.

The equation for the Lifting Index is LI = Object weight/RWL  

The equation for the Recommended Weight Limit is RW  = LC × HM × VM × DM × AM × FM × CM

Where:

RWL = Recommended Weight Limit

LC = Load Constant (51)

HM = Horizontal Multiplier (given as 1)

VM = Vertical Multiplier (given as .85)

DM = Distance Multiplier (given as .94)

AM = Asymmetric Multiplier (given as .86)

FM = Frequency Multiplier (given as .97)

CM = Coupling Multiplier (a "good" object coupling has a coupling multiplier of 1) 

Solve the recommended weight limit:

RWL = 51 x 1 x .85 x .94 x .86 x .97 x 1 = 34

Solve the Lifting Index 

LI = 38/34 = 1.12

160.

Some common human performance factors that can impact the workforce and result in errors include personal abilities, time pressures, stress, lack of direction, and what? 

  • Distraction

  • Incompetancy

  • Poor training

  • Complicated procedures

Correct answer: Distraction

Human performance factors are factors that can negatively affect a worker's ability to conduct work efficiently and in a safe manner. These factors can also affect the entire workforce. Factors such as personal abilities, stress, time pressures, distractions, and lack of direction are common human performance factors that can result in job site incidents such as injuries and damage to equipment. 

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