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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

CRCC CRC Exam Questions

Page 10 of 25

181.

How is an analogue observation conducted?

  • By creating and observing behavior in a simulated environment

  • By creating and observing behavior in a natural environment

  • By creating and observing behavior in a clinical environment

Correct answer: By creating and observing behavior in a simulated environment 

An analogue observation attempts to capture the behaviors and interactions of a client in an artificial environment created by the clinician. It is not a natural environment, as it has been created by the clinician, and though it is technically a clinical environment, the important distinction is its simulated status. An example might be the creation of a false family home and the observation of people within it.

182.

Why is the existential approach considered especially applicable to diverse clients? 

  • Its themes are universal and relatable

  • It was developed by diverse counselors

  • It directly addresses economics

  • It directly addresses dynamics of power

Correct answer: Its themes are universal and relatable 

The existential approach to therapy is considered especially applicable to diverse clients, as it deals in themes that are universal and relatable across cultures, such as responsibility, finding meaning, anxiety, and the explicit encouragement of how social and cultural factors affect life. 

The existential perspective rests on the thinking of many theorists, past and present, some of whom could be considered diverse; however, it is the themes of existentialism that are the reason the perspective is considered suitable for diverse clients. Though not addressing economics or power per se, existentialism addresses universal themes that affect all clients.

183.

What is a subsystem in family counseling?

  • A smaller system than the main system

  • A larger system than the main system

  • A conflicted relationship within the family system

  • A cooperative relationship within the family system

Correct answer: A smaller system than the main system 

Though there are specific subsystems that emerge during the development of a family, such as parent-child or sibling-sibling, the concept can be used to describe any smaller system within a larger family system. 

As the entire family system depends, in part, on the operation of its subsystems, often the subsystems are the focus of family therapy, such as when a given relationship, whether cooperative or conflicted, is creating larger dynamics within the whole.

184.

Which of the following is not a barrier to counseling services based on socioeconomic status (SES)?

  • Low SES individuals tend to exit services earlier

  • Low SES individuals are treated by less experienced clinicians 

  • Low SES individuals tend to be assigned more severe treatments 

Correct answer: Low SES individuals tend to exit services earlier 

Low SES individuals do not necessarily exit services earlier, though this would, to some degree, be their choice. 

Low SES individuals are subject to a variety of barriers based on class alone, such as being treated by less experienced clinicians and being assigned more severe treatments, among others.

185.

Is the process of counseling consistent across counseling professions?

  • Yes, the process of counseling has common elements across professions 

  • No, the process of counseling relies on different elements, depending on the profession

  • Yes, except in the case of acute mental health

Correct answer: Yes, the process of counseling has common elements across professions 

The process of counseling across professions shares the common elements of relationship, communication, conceptualization, and intervention skills. This is true in the case of acute mental health as well.

186.

How might a personal hierarchy be useful in systematic desensitization? 

  • By providing individually-defined stages 

  • By addressing universal sources of anxiety 

  • Personal hierarchies are not used in systematic desensitization 

Correct answer: By providing individually-defined stages 

Systematic desensitization is a process that uses classical conditioning to reduce anxiety around a specific stimulus or situation. Part of the process involves defining a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking items related to the situation, with the end in mind of being able to move past each on a journey to total mitigation. These hierarchies can be universal and more defined by the therapist, or they can be more personally defined by the individual. 

187.

When should counselors assert privilege on behalf of their clients?

  • When the client is unable to do so in a timely way

  • Only the client is able to assert privilege

  • When the court issues a subpoena

  • When the counselor feels the client needs advocacy 

Correct answer: When the client is unable to do so in a timely way 

There will be times when client information is demanded by a court or other legal body. On these occasions, given the fact that everyone is entitled to the privacy of their information, clients can assert the privilege of their own information if asked. Given that there are certain time limits involved, the counselor would be expected to assert this privilege on behalf of the client if the client is unable to do so in a timely way for whatever reason. 

When a subpoena is issued, there will be little choice but to comply with the request. In these and all other cases involving court proceedings, the advice of legal counsel should be sought.

188.

What is meant by Piaget's concept of accommodation?

  • A child changes their worldview to meet new challenges

  • A child rejects new data in favor of old data

  • A child incorporates new data into their existing worldview

Correct answer: A child changes their worldview to meet new challenges 

According to Piaget's view of how children develop, there are two cognitive methods by which new data is dealt with. Accommodation is the process by which the child must change their worldview, or schema, to deal with the new information. 

Assimilation is the process by which a child can incorporate the new data into an existing worldview, or schema. In neither case is the child rejecting new data.

189.

What is a z-score?

  • A statistical measurement that places a score on a normal distribution curve

  • A statistical measurement that places a score on a skewed distribution curve

  • A statistical measurement that places a score in relation to outliers

  • A statistical measurement that places a score in relation to one other score

Correct answer: A statistical measurement that places a score on a normal distribution curve 

A z-score is a score that always has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. It is used to place the score being examined on a normal distribution curve. When a score is above the mean, the value will be positive. When it is below the mean, the score will be negative. 

190.

What is confirmatory bias in assessment?

  • Seeking data that confirms initial impressions

  • Deciding on a diagnosis without assessment

  • Addressing data as it continuously emerges

  • Discounting data that confirms bias

Correct answer: Seeking data that confirms initial impressions 

Confirmatory bias is a well-known error in psychiatric assessment. In instances of confirmatory bias, clinicians make an initial impression of a client that may be right or wrong, and may or may not be supported by the data; the clinician will then go on to seek out data that confirms the initial impression. 

The danger is not recognizing the true nature or scope of a client problem; ideally, clinicians avoid this bias by being open to all new data that emerges.

191.

How would a hierarchy construction work in counseling?

  • By arranging fears in order of importance

  • By assessing power structures in the client's life

  • By formulating a set of achievable goals

  • By creating a schedule of desired behaviors

Correct answer: By arranging fears in order of importance 

In the treatment of specific anxiety and phobia, the first part of many management techniques is for the client to describe their fear in detail according to a hierarchy. This hierarchy will describe a structure of the fear, from related stimuli that induce barely any discomfort all the way to those that the client believes would induce intolerable horror. The strategy will then focus on working up this ladder by desensitizing it, starting with the lower-stress items. 

The technique is not related to power structures, goals, or desired behaviors, except as these are reflected in a desire to manage a specific anxiety. 

192.

What is the main issue with family reports of their own functioning?

  • High variability in accounts of functioning

  • Such a technique tends to create family division

  • Children are generally excluded

  • Such reports tend to be of little value

Correct answer: High variability in accounts of functioning 

When treating a family, gathering the different accounts of the family functioning in general or the particular problem that is presenting is essential. Such reporting methods need not leave out children, and the process does not necessarily create family division, though it may illustrate it. 

The main issue with family self-reports is the high variability of perception among family members about the functioning of the family; such accounts will have to be weighed carefully to determine their validity and relevance to treatment.

193.

According to the APA, how is a research supervisor different from a research assistant? 

  • A research supervisor oversees someone else's research

  • A research assistant oversees someone else's research

  • The titles are considered interchangeable and equal by the APA

Correct answer: A research supervisor oversees someone else's research 

The APA (2010) outlines several key positions for any research study. Two of these are a research supervisor and a research assistant. A research supervisor is a person who oversees the research of another, such as a professor. A research assistant is someone who helps the principal investigator conduct the research, but whose responsibility in the research is limited.

194.

What is meant by social interest in Adlerian group work?

  • Connectedness with others

  • Specific hobbies practiced with others

  • A prosocial orientation toward the world

Correct answer: Connectedness with others 

Adlerian group work, as well as Adlerian counseling in general, often addresses the social interest of participants. Social interest in this context refers to connectedness with others, a factor seen as important to overall well-being within the context of Adlerian psychotherapy. 

The concept does not refer specifically to hobbies or one's worldview, but to the individual characteristic of how connected one is with others and the nature of those connections. 

195.

Which of the following is considered a barrier to youth employment in the education field?

  • Entry-level or other job requirements

  • Systemic, planned scarcity

  • Negative trending need in the education field

  • Lack of representation by minorities

Correct answer: Entry-level or other job requirements 

It seems that there are many barriers to youth employment in areas such as education, public administration, health, and social service that discourage youth involvement in these fields and may contribute to the overall scarcity of professionals to fill available jobs. Among these barriers are entry-level or other job requirements, such as education or other gateway credentials. 

The scarcity is not planned or desired and, though minority representation is always a concern, the main barrier seems to be gateway issues such as education.

196.

Are group counselors legally liable in the same sense as individual therapists?

  • Yes, group counselors are legally liable for their activity 

  • No, group counselors have diffused responsibility for their activity

  • Yes, but only in addictions counseling

  • No, due to the informed consent process of group counseling

Correct answer: Yes, group counselors are legally liable for their activity 

Group counselors are legally liable for their activity in the same sense as individual therapists. Group counselors that do not act in good faith, can be proven negligent, or who operate outside their professional codes of ethics are not only subject to legal action, they may be liable to the accrediting body of their profession and, in extreme cases, criminal charges. 

This liability is not limited to addictions counseling and is not affected by the number of people involved in the activity or any informed consent process. 

197.

Which of the following is false about cultural empathy?

  • It calls for deep knowledge of a client's culture

  • It calls for interest in the culture of a client

  • It calls for appreciation of cultural differences

  • It calls for the use of culturally appropriate practice

Correct answer: It calls for deep knowledge of a client's culture 

Chung and Bernak (2002) detailed the concept of cultural empathy for counselors, recognizing that traditional definitions of the concept of empathy were inadequate to the emerging need for counselors to have culturally appropriate clinical practice. The concept calls for genuine interest in the culture of the client reflected by questions when necessary, an appreciation of the cultural differences between one's own culture and that of a client, and overall, the inclusion of culturally appropriate practice in serving any client.

198.

Should counseling records be destroyed?

  • Yes, at the appropriately defined time

  • No, under no circumstances

  • Yes, when the client requests it

  • No, unless the state has legislated the issue

Correct answer: Yes, at the appropriately defined time 

Generally speaking, there should be a policy at the counselor's personal level, at the very least, for the eventual destruction of counseling records. This is another issue where state legislation is widely variable, and counselors must be careful to follow the law. 

The law and the personal practice of the counselor may or may not provide for the destruction of records at the client's request.

199.

Which of the following is Motivational Interviewing (MI) meant to address?

  • Ambivalence in a client

  • Ambivalence in the therapeutic relationship

  • Transference

  • Countertransference

Correct answer: Ambivalence in a client 

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a style of therapeutic conversation that is expressly meant to deal with ambivalence in clients about change. By asking questions that put the responsibility for motivation with the client, MI helps a client commit to change on their own terms. 

MI is not designed to deal with the relationship between therapist and client in terms of transference or countertransference, or in terms of its own ambivalence; it is a specific technique that elicits change talk from the client.

200.

What is the main diversity consideration with respect to technology?

  • Availability

  • Infrastructure

  • Training

Correct answer: Availability 

The use of technology in counseling is affected by many complications, including many related to diversity. Among the considerations of technology in diverse communities, such as the possible lack of infrastructure and the need for training in its use, by far, the biggest consideration has to do with the basic availability of hardware, which is highly uneven in its distribution; less educated, Blacks and Hispanics tend to lack this hardware more than other population segments.

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