×

Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

CRCC CRC Exam Questions

Page 4 of 25

61.

How does an "externalizing conversation" aid a client? 

  • By separating the person from the problem

  • By shifting the responsibility for a problem

  • By addressing the roots of a problem

  • By creating a verbal solution to a problem

Correct answer: By separating the person from the problem 

In narrative therapy, externalizing conversations are those which attempt to separate the person from the problem so that the person does not feel as though the problem is part of their identity. By externalizing the issue beyond the person, the person is then freed to examine the issue with a fresh focus. 

An externalizing conversation is not meant to shift responsibility, examine causes, or even to create solutions in the moment; the primary focus will be on relieving the client of a problem-focused identity.

62.

What determines the suitability of touching a client?

  • The purpose of the touch 

  • The desire of the client 

  • The acuity of the client 

  • The counselor's discomfort 

Correct answer: The purpose of the touch 

The question of when and if to touch clients is one that must be guided by the Code of Ethics, good judgment, and the intended purpose of the touch. Here, it is important for the counselor to be self-aware and ask themselves before touch is initiated what the purpose of the touch is. 

Even very acute clients can express powerful emotions without the need for touch as consolation, and such a decision should never be driven by the counselor's discomfort at the expressed emotion.

63.

Which of the following is true regarding competition between social work, counseling, and psychological professions? 

  • Counseling competes with social work and psychology in certain areas

  • There is no competition between social work and psychology

  • The scopes of service with social work and psychology do not overlap 

Correct answer: Counseling competes with social work and psychology in certain areas 

One of the complications of working in the counseling profession at the current time is that there is competition in certain areas with psychology and social work, as there is overlap in functional areas among these fields in the areas of assessment and treatment, among others. This results in an economic advantage to social workers and psychologists, who can claim that they are more qualified than counselors in these areas.

64.

What does "encounter" mean with respect to cultural awareness theory?

  • A situation in which one must confront cultural difference 

  • A voluntary switch in one's cultural perspective 

  • A recovery of a lost cultural identity through practice 

Correct answer: A situation in which one must confront cultural difference 

The model of cultural/racial identity proposed by Cross (1971) remains influential in discussions about diversity and cultural awareness. This model has four stages. The first, preencounter, is a state in which there is little awareness of difference. The second, encounter, begins when there is a confrontation or friction of cultural difference. The third, immersion/emersion, deals with how the individual deals with those issues of difference, and the fourth, internalization, has to do with the solidifying of a culturally integrated self-concept.

65.

Within counseling programs, is it permissible to dismiss a student due to non-academic reasons?

  • Yes, after due process, including an official hearing

  • No, dismissals can only occur for academic reasons 

  • Yes, with or without an official hearing 

Correct answer: Yes, after due process including an official hearing 

As much litigation has shown, the topic of when and how to dismiss a student for any kind of issue is developing into a major concern for university systems. Generally, a hearing to dismiss a student would not be necessary if that dismissal is contemplated for strictly academic reasons; however, court cases have shown that it is possible and sometimes necessary to dismiss students for issues that are not academic in character; such dismissals will involve official process, including a hearing.

66.

How does the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) work?

  • By comparing established occupational members with unsure individuals

  • By comparing established occupational members with interested individuals

  • By comparing new occupational members with unsure individuals

  • By comparing new occupational members with interested individuals 

Correct answer: By comparing established occupational members with unsure individuals 

Over the years, it has become clear that interest rather than aptitude is the main useful indicator of whether or not a person enters a given profession. To this end, various instruments have been created that take established members of a given occupation who are happy in those contexts to people who are unsure of their occupational direction. Such instruments include the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Kuder DD. 

67.

What should the counselor do if confrontation happens in the group?

  • Allow it to progress naturally for a time 

  • Intervene immediately to stop it 

  • Stop the group and reconvene later 

Correct answer: Allow it to progress naturally for a time 

Confrontation is not necessarily a negative development in group work. In fact, in the right circumstances, it can be therapeutic for all concerned. The best way to handle an emergent confrontation within a group is to allow it to progress naturally, but to intervene if it becomes harmful, personal, or in other ways counterproductive. 

Stopping the group would only set up further confrontations later. 

68.

What is the difference between raw scores and standard scores, if any? 

  • Raw scores become standard scores

  • Standard scores become raw scores

  • The terms are interchangeable

  • Raw scores become standard scores in certain cases

Correct answer: Raw scores become standard scores 

In a research study, raw scores are those which are the simple result of the person taking the assessment and the results being tabulated by the researcher. However, raw scores, by themselves, are not particularly useful to research until they are transformed into standard scores that can be used for statistical analysis. This is true in all cases where raw scores are gathered; further statistical processing will be needed before they are standard scores. 

69.

Which of the following is the best source of information about issues of difference? 

  • Clients of difference

  • Seminars for providers

  • One's own background and experience

Correct answer: Clients of difference 

Part of the commitment to social diversity on the part of counselors has to do with acquiring a knowledge base about issues of difference; these are whatever issue makes the client exceptional or part of a diverse population. By far, the best source of such information are clients who manifest the difference in question, whether this be an issue of ethnicity, sexuality, economics, or some other. 

Seminars can be helpful, and one is always relying to some degree on one's own background and experience, but it is the client experience that is most instructive in this regard.

70.

In general, what characterizes the forces that seek to keep licensure requirements for counselors high?

  • They come from outside the counseling profession

  • They come from inside the counseling profession

  • They come from state governments

  • They come from the federal government

Correct answer: They come from outside the counseling profession 

Unfortunately, competition and market forces have much to do with the lobbying that takes place at the state level with respect to licensure requirements for counselors. In most cases, the impetus for keeping counselor licensure requirements high comes from outside the profession, in fact from other helping professions that would see more accredited counselors as potential competition in the behavioral health market. 

These lobbying forces can make themselves known at any level of government.

71.

What is the assumption of cognitive behavioral therapy?

  • That patterns of thinking cause problems

  • That poor overall health causes problems

  • That poor choices cause problems

  • That patterns of thinking cannot be changed

Correct answer: That patterns of thinking cause problems 

Behavior therapy, in general, deals with changing behavior to improve a client's life. Cognitive behavioral therapy more directly addresses thoughts and patterns of thoughts in an effort to correct cognitive distortions and errors.  A client might be asked to examine their patterns of thinking, or keep a log of emotions related to thinking, in an effort to thoroughly study how maladaptive thought patterns can be changed. 

Though choices and overall health are concerns of cognitive behavioral therapy, cognition is the focus.

72.

What is a frequency distribution intended to show?

  • The frequency of people receiving a certain score

  • How many people failed the overall test

  • How much time people take on individual items

  • The frequency of false positives in scoring

Correct answer: The frequency of people receiving a certain score 

Frequency distribution is a graphical representation of how many people receive a certain score on an assessment. If properly done, such a chart can indicate possible problems with a test in terms of its structure and validity, but can also serve the more basic function of indicating the overall drift of scores. 

Such a distribution will also probably indicate a range of failing scores, but its intended purpose is to report on score frequency itself. False positives and time sampling are not indicated in such a distribution. 

73.

What possible ethical problem is there with promoting client independence and autonomy? 

  • Not all cultures value independence and autonomy at the same level 

  • Some cultures do not wish these concepts to be discussed openly 

  • Every culture values independence and autonomy differently 

Correct answer: Not all cultures value independence and autonomy at the same level 

Though not every culture values such concepts as independence and autonomy differently, not all value them at the same level. For some cultures, the individual's independence and autonomy are sublimated to the needs of the group, and in such cases, a stress on independence and autonomy might actually be harmful. 

It is always allowed to find out more information about a client's cultural needs and discuss them openly in order to honor these needs appropriately. 

74.

Why is play therapy effective?

  • It masks clinical process with developmentally-appropriate activity 

  • It provides an arena to act out family conflict

  • It acts as a proxy for attachment dynamics

  • It develops skills in play as relational remediation

Correct answer: It masks clinical process with developmentally-appropriate activity 

Overall, play therapy is used with children and some adolescents due to the fact that it is not very much like standard psychotherapy, when standard psychotherapy may not be appropriate, or if the play therapy modality is deemed to be more effective. The advantage of play therapy is that it is what, in many cases, children and/or adolescents would choose to do anyway. 

Though it is true that it can help children narrate family conflict safely, it is not effective for this reason; similarly, it is not a proxy for attachment dynamics per se but may provide an arena to indicate them in a therapeutic context. Skill development can be a part of play therapy, but again, the reason for play therapy's overall effectiveness is that it is not very much like standard psychotherapy.

75.

Which of the following is meant by the Piagetian term "perturbation"?

  • The breaking of homeostasis

  • A shift in reality testing

  • A significant confrontation

Correct answer: The breaking of homeostasis 

Perturbation in the context of Piaget's view of human development refers to the circumstances surrounding a break in homeostasis; in other words, the occasion for possibly productive doubt and conflict that might lead to further developmental process and gains. 

The concept does not refer to reality testing, and it does not necessarily refer to confrontation, though confrontation may be part of the general break in what has gone before. 

76.

What is the best way to avoid dependent client relationships? 

  • Foster independence and risk-taking in clients 

  • Inform clients of strict boundaries 

  • Warn clients of this possibility at the outset of treatment 

Correct answer: Foster independence and risk-taking in clients 

It is the nature of the counseling relationship that sometimes clients will develop an unhealthy, dependent bond with their counselor. As this is a function of the success of the counseling relationship to a degree, it cannot be prevented by guidance at the outset of treatment. Nor is it likely to be helped much by informing the clients of the boundaries of the profession. 

The best way to help clients with this issue is to use the counseling relationship itself to foster the client's independence toward taking appropriate risks. 

77.

In general, how did the discrepancy model of learning disability testing work?

  • By measuring the difference between intelligence and achievement

  • By measuring the intelligence of person versus cohort

  • By measuring the achievement of person versus cohort 

Correct answer: By measuring the difference between intelligence and achievement 

Until recently, the main method of testing for learning disability involved measuring the difference between the intelligence of the person and the achievement of that person, and formulating a means to address the identified gap, if any. The thinking has now moved more toward assessing children at risk of developing learning disability before significant gaps emerge. 

The discrepancy model did not deal with person versus cohort but was more geared toward assessing the difference between tested intelligence and tested achievement. 

78.

In general, how long are written materials such as research protected by copyright?

  • 50 years after the death of the author

  • 100 years after the death of the author

  • Written work is always protected by copyright

  • 25 years after the death of the author

Correct answer: 50 years after the death of the author 

It is important to understand how the work of authors is protected by copyright law. In general, most written materials are protected by copyright until 50 years after the author's death. In the case of multiple authors, the 50 years extends to the death of the last author.

79.

What is the ethical obligation of counselors when clients prematurely terminate?

  • An attempt to communicate with and support the client in their choice

  • Counselors have no real ethical obligation in these scenarios

  • An insistence on a termination meeting to support the client

  • Counselors should not allow premature termination by clients

Correct answer: An attempt to communicate with and support the client in their choice

Anywhere from a third to more than half of clients prematurely terminate counseling services. This is a valid choice on behalf of the client in many cases, and the counselor is in no position to stop it realistically. However, the counselor is under an ethical obligation to find out more about such a decision and meet with the client if the client will permit it. 

Though no formal termination meeting is necessary, it may be possible to persuade the client that adhering to the chosen plan of treatment is in their best interest, or at least understand why the termination has been decided upon.

80.

What is the proper stance toward egoism in the counseling profession? 

  • Egoism has a certain place in one's own professional development 

  • Egoism should be eliminated as much as possible in the counseling profession 

  • Egoism should be celebrated as a core virtue of the counseling profession 

Correct answer: Egoism has a certain place in one's own professional development 

Egoism refers to the value of one's own self-interest and is usually opposed to altruism, which is the value of one's interest in serving others. Though, for the most part, the client should be considered first according to the ethics of the profession, it would be a mistake to suggest that egoism has no place in the service of clients or in one's own professional development as a counselor. Egoism can instill a sense of pride in one's work, can guide one to realistically assess the value of one's own performance, and provide value in other areas as well. 

×