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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

CRCC CRC Exam Questions

Page 7 of 25

121.

What does the Standards for Multicultural Assessment (2012) indicate about advocacy?

  • Clinicians are directed to engage in advocacy

  • Clinicians are offered the option to engage in advocacy

  • Clinicians are encouraged to discuss advocacy with clients

  • Clinicians are encouraged to discuss advocacy with other clinicians

Correct answer: Clinicians are directed to engage in advocacy 

Though discussion of advocacy with other professionals is desirable, and discussion of advocacy issues with clients important in practice, the specific guidance of the Standards for Multicultural Assessment (2012) explicitly directs clinicians to engage in advocacy on behalf of their clients. Most often, this is anticipated to take place in the context of advocating for culturally relevant assessments and clearing away barriers to appropriate assessment and care.

122.

Which of the following does psychodynamic group work address the most?

  • Insight 

  • Focus 

  • Ethics

  • Thinking

Correct answer: Insight 

Psychodynamic group work deals with the unconscious motivations of the personality and the insight that one can gain into these motivations. It focuses on the first six years of life as being integral to the person's later experience and identity. 

Focus and ethics are not so much addressed as are the insight-oriented therapeutic possibilities. Thinking as a group focus would be more characteristic of a cognitive group.

123.

What is the cause of the gap between counseling practice and counseling research?

  • A lack of collaboration between researchers and practitioners

  • Counseling practice is far out of date with respect to research

  • Counseling researchers do not have practice experience

  • A lack of understanding of the way research is conducted

Correct answer: A lack of collaboration between researchers and practitioners 

There is, unfortunately, a gap between counseling practice and counseling research, such that counseling seems to lag behind the research, and researchers are not in tune with trends in practice, among other difficulties. This is largely due to a lack of collaboration between researchers and practitioners, who generally do not cross over into each other's domains. 

It would be unfair to say either that researchers lack practical experience, or that practitioners do not understand research or are out of date with it.

124.

What is the role of an institutional review board (IRB)?

  • To protect human subjects in research

  • To validate the credentials of researchers

  • To offer suggestions on avenues of research

  • To review submissions to peer journals

Correct answer: To protect human subjects in research

Whenever research is done involving human subjects, an institution will have an official institutional review board (IRB) whose overarching role is the protection of human subjects. An IRB accomplishes this role by carefully reviewing proposals, informed consent procedures, and confidentiality, among other issues. 

The role of the IRB is usually confined to approving or not approving research, not validating credentials, offering suggestions, or reviewing submissions.

125.

What does the Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire (MJDQ) assess?

  • How well an occupation meets the needs of an individual

  • How well an individual understands their occupation

  • How well an individual meets the requirements of an occupation

  • How well an occupation meets the needs of an organization

Correct answer: How well an occupation meets the needs of an individual 

The Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire (MJDQ) assesses how well an occupation meets the needs of an individual, using need scales such as Creativity, Independence, and Activity to define how well-aligned a person is with the occupation of study. The MJDQ is focused on this match and not on how well an individual understands their occupation, how well that individual meets the occupation's requirements, or the fit of an occupation to an organization. 

126.

Is it possible for an instrument to be reliable for one client and not another?

  • Yes, due to instrument bias

  • No, this would indicate an error

  • Yes, this is common in research

  • No, unless the instrument has different forms

Correct answer: Yes, due to instrument bias 

Instrument bias, or the way in which a given data-gathering instrument can be flawed and yield inaccurate data, can take many forms. One indicator that such bias is present is when an instrument seems reliable for one client and not another. This will likely be due to a flaw in the instrument that does not account for some client-based factor, such as issues related to culture, ethnicity, or gender.

127.

Is self-disclosure to be considered differently among different ethnic groups?

  • Yes, self-disclosure should be considered differently for different ethnic groups 

  • No, self-disclosure should not be used with any clients

  • Yes, self-disclosure should be encouraged with Caucasian clients 

Correct answer: Yes, self-disclosure should be considered differently for different ethnic groups 

Though the research is young at this point, the available research suggests that self-disclosure is taken differently by different ethnic groups. There is research support for limiting its use with those defined as Asian, and supporting its use with Black clients. For the most part, however, self-disclosure should be used carefully if at all, as it tends to bring the focus to the counselor rather than the client; there is not a consensus at this time on whether it should be used or not in all cases. 

128.

Between qualitative and quantitative methods of research, which is considered more descriptive?

  • Qualitative research is more descriptive

  • Quantitative research is more descriptive

  • The two types of research are equally descriptive

  • Neither type of research is descriptive in character

Correct answer: Qualitative research is more descriptive 

There are usually considered to be three types of research methods in psychology. Qualitative research is more descriptive than numerate and deals with open-ended questions and interviews where narratives and individual experiences are elevated. 

Quantitative research is more numerate and concentrates on distilling the experience of many participants to meaningful sets of data. The third type of research is mixed, which blends both methods in some way.

129.

How can spiritual concerns be addressed with non-spiritual clients?

  • By helping the client with meaning-making

  • By not discussing spirituality in any form

  • By assigning a global non-spiritual intervention to all clients

  • By referring the client to a spiritually oriented specialist

Correct answer: By helping the client with meaning-making 

There are many clients who, though they would deny an explicit approach that seems spiritual, still find a way to assign meaning to their lives. With clients who do not profess religious or spiritual beliefs, this area should not go unaddressed. Rather than a blanket intervention or referral, the best way to assist such a client is to assist them in a meaning-making process that focuses on what is meaningful to the client. Such an approach will be tailored to the client's belief or lack of belief in spiritual matters.

130.

What would be the most likely exercise of Gestalt therapy in a group context? 

  • Empty chair technique

  • Shared recollection

  • Grief counseling

  • Motivational interviewing

Correct answer: Empty chair technique 

Gestalt therapy, in any modality, focuses on an awareness of the present and integration with action. Some of its techniques, such as the empty chair technique, can seem experimental. In the empty chair technique, a person is asked to speak to and address an empty chair as if it were a family member or significant other who is involved in the client's issues in some way. 

Shared recollection and grief counseling might happen in any group, but Gestalt groups are more characterized by advanced technique and experimentation. Motivational interviewing is more a technique that seeks to uncover the motivation of the client for change and is not explicitly a Gestalt modality.

131.

What is the role of education with respect to professional competence? 

  • Education is the first step toward competence

  • Education defines competence

  • Education is the last stage in establishing competence

  • Education has no relationship to competence

Correct answer: Education is the first step toward competence 

Competence as a professional counselor depends on many factors, of which education is one of the first steps. However, education is not sufficient to establish competence, as educational experiences are highly variable and, in themselves, rarely have competence as an expressly stated goal. Without some education, competence would be difficult to establish, as all professional counselors have had some degree of relevant educational background.

132.

What is the main reason people in poverty do not seek treatment for mental health? 

  • Their daily life issues predominate 

  • Their mental health crises tend to self-mitigate 

  • They have lower rates of acute mental illness 

  • Their mental health issues are more stable and long-standing 

Correct answer: Their daily life issues predominate 

People in poverty tend to be focused on the struggle to maintain their lives, which leaves little time or resources for mental health care per se. This is why many persons in poverty who do need such services do not tend to get them. 

Poverty actually increases the prevalence and severity of mental illness in most cases, with anxiety, depression, and substance abuse prominent contributors.

133.

Which of the following should be conveyed by counselor acceptance? 

  • Acceptance of the client

  • Acceptance of the client's actions

  • Belief in the client's account of events

Correct answer: Acceptance of the client 

Acceptance, as it is meant in the Rogerian idea of counseling, does not mean that a counselor accepts or approves of a client's actions, or even that the counselor believes the client's account of events as true; what is more important is what this kind of acceptance does convey, which is openness and a more general acceptance of the client in their totality as a person in need of assistance.

134.

Which of the following would be the least likely candidate to benefit from group work? 

  • A person with personality disorder 

  • A person with an alcohol problem 

  • A highly depressed person 

Correct answer: A person with personality disorder 

People with certain personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder, are poor candidates for group work, as their way of dealing with others tends to result in problematic interactions. As personality disorder generally implicates relational dynamics in some way, virtually any personality-disordered person would have to be carefully evaluated for their ability to participate well in a group modality.

Persons with depression, alcohol problems, and other types of non-personality issues, as long as they are motivated enough, tend to be good candidates for group modality. 

135.

Should group leaders discourage storytelling in a therapeutic group?

  • It depends on the nature of the storytelling 

  • Yes, in most circumstances 

  • No, under no circumstances 

  • Only in groups that are an hour or less in duration 

Correct answer: It depends on the nature of the storytelling 

There will often be times in a therapeutic group when a given member wishes to storytell or otherwise monopolize the time of the group. However, such storytelling may serve a therapeutic purpose if, for instance, it is a relevant personal narrative of recovery or some other issue directly related to the group. It will be up to the group leader to determine whether or not the storytelling suits the purpose of the group. If it does not, then redirection may be necessary. 

136.

How does self-monitoring most help a client?

  • By raising awareness

  • By creating conflict

  • By completing goals

Correct answer: By raising awareness 

Self-monitoring is a therapeutic technique which helps a client develop an awareness of their behavior. For instance, a therapist may assign a client the task of monitoring every time they think negatively about themselves. The simple act of paying attention to the behavior and recognizing it as something that can be quantified is of some therapeutic value, and, hopefully, the client's analysis results in change. 

The technique is not meant to create conflict, and though it may help a client complete goals, the primary purpose is to call attention to a pattern. 

137.

Which of the following is a concern related to group termination?

  • Group members' experience with loss

  • Group members' level of anxiety

  • Group members' feelings about confidentiality

Correct answer: Group members' experience with loss 

Members of therapeutic groups must be prepared for the end of the group, or the end of their involvement in the group. For some, this will be difficult due to their experience with loss of relationships in their lives, so this aspect should be carefully screened for before termination of the group. 

Issues about anxiety and confidentiality would likely occur closer to the beginning of the group than its end.

138.

Which of the following corresponds to Loevinger's theory of ego development? 

  • From simple to complex 

  • From unaware to aware 

  • From social to individual 

Correct answer: From simple to complex 

Loevinger's theory of ego development suggests that human beings go through a general process of development that can be characterized as simple in its earlier stages and complex in later stages. 

Though it does not characterize ego development as going from unaware to aware or from social to individual, it does narrate a general process of learning and differentiation so that in earlier stages, the ego is impulsive and self-protective, and in later stages is more sophisticated and autonomous. 

139.

Why would one use a stratified sample in research? 

  • When one is interested in a certain demographic group

  • When one wants to exclude a certain demographic group

  • When one is interested in studying every group possible

  • When one is interested in ranking groups relative to each other

Correct answer: When one is interested in a certain demographic group 

There are many ways to arrive at a desired sampling strategy, depending on the desire of the researchers. For example, a stratified sample examines certain demographic characteristics and, on the basis of that examination, assigns them to the study; for example, the researchers might only be interested in second-generation Asian immigrant family members and stratify the sample accordingly. Such a strategy will tend to narrow, not broaden, results around a specific group. 

140.

Why is relaxation therapy effective in dealing with anxiety?

  • Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible states

  • The relaxation functions as a distraction

  • Anxiety cannot exist in a relaxed person

  • The relaxation addresses unconscious thoughts

Correct answer: Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible states 

Some amount of anxiety is useful and is always present, even in relaxed human beings. However, when it is excessive, it is often effective to use a systematic relaxation strategy with the anxious person. This is due to the fact that anxiety and relaxation are inherently incompatible states; if relaxation brings down the overall level of tension in the nervous system, it is definitionally addressing anxiety. 

The relaxation does not distract per se, nor does it address unconscious thoughts; it tells the brain that there is no immediate need for alarm.

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