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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ISSA CPT Exam Questions

Page 10 of 58

181.

All of the following muscles contract during abdominal bracing except:

  • Scalenes

  • External obliques

  • Rectus abdominis

  • Quadratus lumborum

Correct answer: Scalenes

Abdominal bracing is the simultaneous contraction of global muscles, such as the rectus abdominis, external obliques, and quadratus lumborum, to improve lumbo-pelvic stiffness and increase spinal stability.

Bracing is also commonly referred to as "bearing down" or tightening of the global muscles by consciously contracting them.

182.

Which of the following is a core-power exercise?

  • Medicine ball pullover throw

  • Cable rotation

  • Ball crunch

  • Bird dog

Correct answer: Medicine ball pullover throw

This exercise requires explosive movement of the core muscles, making it a core-power exercise.

Cable rotations and ball crunches are core-strength exercises, and bird dog is a core-stabilization exercise.

183.

All of the following are common form mistakes during the leg press (hip sled) except:

  • Elevating the shoulders

  • Pointing the toes in or out

  • Moving the knees in or out

  • Having the feet wider than hip-width apart

Correct answer: Elevating the shoulders

As a fitness professional, it is important to know common form mistakes and the cues to correct those mistakes for the exercises you have your client perform.

With the leg press (hip sled), clients will often allow their toes or their knees to move in or out, or their feet to be placed too far apart or too close together. Good form during the leg press includes the feet being positioned about shoulder-width apart, toes pointed straight, and the knees in line with the toes.

184.

At what intensity should an overweight or obese person perform cardiorespiratory exercise?

  • 60-80% of their HR max

  • 25-50% of their HR max

  • 50-75% of their HR max

  • 30-60% of their HR max

Correct answer: 60-80% of their HR max

Aerobic exercise is an integral part of a client's weight-reduction exercise plan. Not only does it decrease the risk of cardiorespiratory disease but also increases caloric expenditure, leading to additional weight loss. Individuals who are overweight or obese should participate in cardiorespiratory exercise at least 5 days per week at 60-80% of their HR max for at least 40-60 minutes per session.

185.

All of the following are commonly fortified foods except:

  • Peanut butter

  • Breakfast cereal

  • Energy bars

  • Protein powder

Correct answer: Peanut butter

Today's food supply is not devoid of nutrients; however, it is possible to select a diet composed of mostly overly refined foods that provide limited amounts of vitamins and minerals as well as an overabundance of calories. With fortified foods such as breakfast cereals, energy bars, and protein powder, it is quite possible to consume excessive amounts of some nutrients even without taking a dietary supplement.

186.

All of the following are benefits of full-time fitness club employees except:

  • No marketing required

  • Medical benefits

  • Vacation benefits

  • 401k

Correct answer: No marketing required

Commercial fitness facilities provide an environment where existing club members can interact with the fitness professional. Typically, the trainer will have a sales quota to maintain and will be provided with training, updated equipment, and an incentivizing pay rate scale.

While not all gyms require the trainer to actively market themselves, the trainer is always a representative of the gym and should be ready to communicate the benefits of a training plan with potential clients.

Full-time employees will typically have medical, 401K, and vacation benefits.

187.

Which of the following is a potential effect of ingesting too much iron?

  • Gastrointestinal irritation

  • Fatigue

  • Impaired immune function

  • Kidney stones

Correct answer: Gastrointestinal irritation

Dietary reference intake (DRI) values for nutrients provide good guidelines for what constitutes an adequate intake of a nutrient. However, excess intake of mineral elements can also cause health problems. For example, excess intake of iron can interfere with the absorption of other minerals, such as zinc, and can cause gastrointestinal distress and increase the risk of heart disease.

188.

At the end of the upward movement phase of the dumbbell lateral raise, which of the following parts of the body should be the highest from the ground?

  • Elbows

  • Forearms

  • Hands

Correct answer: Elbows

Elbows is correct because at the top of this exercise the elbows and upper arms will be slightly higher than the forearms and hands. During the upward movement phase of this exercise, the dumbbells are raised until the arms are approximately parallel to the floor or nearly level with the shoulders. As the arms rise the rest of the body should remain stable.

Forearms and hands are incorrect because these will be slightly lower than the elbows and upper arms.

189.

Which of the following variables of aerobic exercise performance will remain the same, or even slightly regress, during sub-maximal exercise, but will improve during maximal exercise as a result of chronic aerobic training?

  • Oxygen consumption

  • Heart rate

  • Stroke volume

Correct answer: Oxygen consumption

Oxygen consumption is correct because increased maximal oxygen consumption and improved exercise economy are adaptations of chronic aerobic exercise. Improving exercise economy indicates that less biological work needs to be performed to achieve the same amount of external work. This would result in a lowered energy output, or decreased oxygen consumption.

Heart rate is incorrect because maximal heart rate does not increase, even with training. Stroke volume is incorrect because this variable increases across every situation including rest.

190.

What is periodization?

  • Periodization is the modification of the program target at specific intervals to create maximum adaptation

  • Periodization is the progression of exercise selection from more stable to less stable within a single training session

  • Periodization is the adjustment of exercise selection based on the client's fatigue level or injury

  • Periodization is the conversion of one exercise to another with similar movements to allow for increased adaptation

Correct answer: Periodization is the modification of the program target at specific intervals to create maximum adaptation

Periodization involves creating phases of training and using different forms of strength training within each phase to avoid injury. Although exercise progression is part of periodization, it does not necessarily occur within a single training session. This term does not refer to changes of exercise based on fatigue or injury, nor does it refer to using similar exercises to increase adaptation.

191.

Which of the following is not a method for measuring resting heart rate?

  • Sphygmomanometry

  • Palpation

  • Auscultation

Correct answer: Sphygmomanometry

Sphygmomanometry is correct because this is the measurement procedure for measuring blood pressure. Heart rate is measured through palpation, auscultation and with a heart rate monitor. The palpation is the most common and most cost-effective method, but heart rate monitors have great validity, reliability, and functionality.

Palpation and auscultation are incorrect because these are methods of measuring resting heart rate.

192.

Ken is a 60-year-old male with a personal history of hypertension, elevated cholesterol levels, and a heart attack ten years ago. Which of the following types of exercise programs would be recommended for Ken?

  • Medically supervised program

  • Supervised program

  • Unsupervised program

Correct answer: Medically supervised program

Medically supervised program is correct because this individual is at a higher potential risk because of his predisposed conditions and previous incident. His program should be monitored by an allied health professional in a clinical setting. In this setting, there should be immediately accessible emergency response capabilities in case of an incident while exercising.

Supervised program is incorrect because this is only appropriate for a client of moderate risk. Unsupervised program is incorrect because this is only appropriate for a low-risk client.

193.

Which of the following is a common technique error of the low pulley seated row exercise?

  • Flexing the torso forward during the forward movement phase

  • Touching the handle to the sternum during the backward movement phase

  • Assume an erect seated position as the starting position

Correct answer: Flexing the torso forward during the forward movement phase

Flexing the torso forward during the forward movement phase is correct because the torso should remain in an erect seated position with the torso perpendicular to the floor throughout the exercise. Other common movement errors include jerking the upper body or leaning back during the backward movement phase and curling the handle toward the torso during the backward movement phase. The low pulley seated row is an exercise that occurs in the sagittal plane.

Touching the handle to the sternum during the backward movement phase is incorrect because this position, along with the upper abdomen, is the correct end point. Assume an erect seated position as the starting position is incorrect because this is the correct position to maintain throughout the exercise.

194.

What is the most important component of a fitness goal?

  • The trainer and client should agree that the goal is achievable

  • The trainer should create the goal based on what is beneficial for the client

  • The client should create the goal based on their desire for a certain outcome

  • The trainer and client should agree that the goal is important

Correct answer: The trainer and client should agree that the goal is achievable

After establishing a good first impression and discussing health concerns, it is important to talk with clients about their fitness goals. Goals energize performance by motivating people to exert effort, to persist over time, and to direct attention to relevant behaviors and information that can help them achieve their goals.

Fitness goals should be important to the client and recognized as beneficial by the trainer, but they must also be realistically achievable. The client and trainer should create the fitness goal together based on the client's desired outcome, the fitness assessment, and the trainer's knowledge of fitness.

195.

Which of the following describes the most appropriate body position for running and walking?

  • Upright posture, upper body relaxed and positioned over the hips

  • Slightly flexed posture, upper body relaxed and positioned over the hips

  • Upright posture, upper body tight and positioned over the hips

Correct answer: Upright posture, upper body relaxed and positioned over the hips

Upright posture, upper body relaxed and positioned over the hips is correct because this position improves efficiency of movement and decreases strain on the lower back and whole vertebral column. In addition, the heel will touch the ground first and the body weight is transferred through the foot with a gentle rolling action. Abnormal foot strikes with excessive weight transfer to either the inside or outside of the foot are not desired.

Slightly flexed posture, upper body relaxed and positioned over the hips is incorrect because this will place stress on the lower back. Upright posture, upper body tight and positioned over the hips is incorrect because this will require more energy than is needed to maintain posture while running.

196.

How long does the alarm reaction stage of general adaptation syndrome (GAS) last?

  • 2 to 3 days

  • 4 to 6 days

  • About 1 week

  • 12 to 24 hours

Correct answer: 2 to 3 days

General adaptation syndrome describes how the body adapts to stress. There are three stages of response to stress, which are the alarm reaction stage, the resistance development stage, and the exhaustion stage.

The alarm stage, which lasts about 2 to 3 days, is when the initial reaction to the imposed demands of exercise takes place. This is where the neuromuscular adaptations of the body, such as improved coordination, occur.

The adaptation phase is when increased functional capacity takes place to adapt to the stressor, such as increasing motor unit recruitment.

The exhaustion phase is when an intolerable stressor produces fatigue and leads to injury or a breakdown in the system. In other words, stress continues beyond the body's ability to adapt, leading to potential physiological and structural breakdown, known as overtraining.

197.

In which position does an individual burn the most calories?

  • Standing

  • Sitting

  • Half-kneeling

  • Lying

Correct answer: Standing

The body burns more calories when exercises are performed while standing as compared to when seated or lying down. This is important to consider, especially when a client's goal is body fat reduction.

198.

Which of the following is the beginning of the Stages of Change model?

  • Precontemplation

  • Preaction

  • Preparation

  • Action

Correct answer: Precontemplation

The Stages of Change model states that individuals progress through a series of behavior-change stages and that movement through these stages is not linear, but instead is cyclical. This model is made up of five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Specifically, the precontemplation stage is where individuals do not intend to change the behavior in question. Regarding exercise, the precontemplation stage can apply to those who do not anticipate starting an exercise regimen in the next six months.

199.

Most fitness centers are designed for people in which stages of the stages of change model?

  • Action and maintenance

  • Contemplation and action

  • Preparation and action

  • Preparation and maintenance

Correct answer: Action and maintenance

The stages of change model states that individuals progress through a series of behavior change stages and that movement through these stages is not linear but instead is cyclical. This model is made up of five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Most fitness centers are designed for people in the action and maintenance stages. These people are psychologically prepared to sign up to take a class or work with a personal trainer.

200.

What is the definition of "training intensity"?

  • The client's level of effort in comparison to their maximal effort

  • The client's level of effort in comparison to their VO2max

  • The client's level of effort in comparison to their HRmax

  • The client's level of effort as measured by their hydration status

Correct answer: The client's level of effort in comparison to their maximal effort

Intensity should be determined by the sets and reps chosen for each exercise as determined by the client's training goals. Intensity can be increased by using unstable environments, decreasing rest periods, or increasing tempo or resistance. VO2max, HRmax, and hydration status are not included in this calculation, but they should be considered overall when designing the client's program.

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