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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ISSA CPT Exam Questions

Page 5 of 58

81.

Which of the following describes mechanical specificity?

  • The resistance and number of reps

  • The speed of contraction and exercise selection

  • The energy demand placed on the body

  • The exercise selection and resistance

Correct answer: The resistance and number of reps

The specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID) principle states that the body will adapt to the specific demands that are placed on it. Particularly, with regard to mechanical specificity, SAID refers to the weight and movements placed on the body, also known as the resistance and number of repetitions.

Muscular endurance requires lighter loads with more reps, while increasing strength requires heavier resistance and fewer reps.

82.

If a client's aerobic capacity is said to be in the top twentieth percentile, what reference perspective is being used to compare the results?

  • Norm-referenced standard

  • Criterion-referenced standard

  • Percentile-referenced standard

Correct answer: Norm-referenced standard

Norm-referenced standard is correct because these are used to compare the performance of an individual against the performance of others in a like category. These compare the best, average and worst performances across a population. Some clients who are either beginning or have poor fitness may have no desire to know their norm-referenced standards.

Criterion-referenced standard is incorrect because this is a comparison against a specific standard that is predetermined and not compared to others. Percentile-referenced standard is incorrect because this is not a reference perspective.

83.

Which of the following is the primary determinant for assigning training frequency for a client?

  • Training status

  • Training goal

  • Components of the training program

Correct answer: Training status

Training status is correct because this factor, along with fitness level, is the most influential consideration when assigning frequency. Those with less training experience and/or lower fitness levels will not be able to handle large amounts of stress and require more rest between workouts. Novices or beginners should resistance train 2 or 3 times per week, intermediate clients can resistance train 3 full body days or 4 days if split, and advanced clients can resistance train 4 to 6 times per week and may even perform multiple sessions in one day.

Training goal is incorrect because, although a consideration, it is not the primary determinant. Components of the training program is incorrect because, though some component combinations may require a different frequency than others, it is not the primary factor.

84.

Overactivity and tightness in a muscle tend to have what type of relationship?

  • A direct relationship

  • An inverse relationship

  • There is no relationship

  • A relative relationship

Correct answer: A direct relationship

If a muscle is overactive, more than likely it is also tight. After being activated repetitively, sometimes due to a synergistic dominance, a muscle can become overly tight, thus leading to altered movement patterns and compensations.

85.

How can a trainer help a client develop positive self-talk?

  • Train the client in how to identify and reframe negative thoughts

  • Educate the client on how negative thoughts are harmful

  • Offer emotional support during the client's frustrations

  • Help the client monitor their exercise habits

Correct answer: Train the client in how to identify and reframe negative thoughts

The trainer may need to introduce this to the client, but the concept of reframing negative thoughts is known to many people. The trainer can help the client identify which thoughts are causing harm, create a list of positive replacement thoughts, and then remind the client to check in with their inner thoughts and use those positive replacement thoughts.

Most clients already know negative thoughts are harmful. Emotional support is helpful here but not as specific as developing positive self-talk. Monitoring exercise does not take into account negative self-talk.

86.

Which of the following positions would be the correct position when performing the pretzel stretch (seated rotation) twisting to the left?

  • The left hand should be placed 12-16" behind the hips

  • The left elbow should be placed on the outside of the right knee

  • The right foot should be placed along the outside of the left knee

  • The left leg should be straight

Correct answer: The left hand should be placed 12-16" behind the hips

The pretzel stretch is a seated rotation stretch that targets the internal and external obliques, the piriformis, and the erector spinae. To perform the stretch twisting to the left, sit with both legs extended in front of you. Then:

  • Bend the left knee and place the left foot along the outside of the right knee
  • Place the left hand 12 to 16" behind the hips
  • Place the right elbow on the outside of the left knee
  • Turn the shoulders to the left to rotate the torso, and look over your left shoulder

Be sure to perform a warm up to increase tissue temperature prior to performing any static stretch.

87.

Which of the following training systems is the peripheral heart action system a variation of?

  • Circuit training

  • Split-routine system

  • Pyramid system

  • Multiple-set system

Correct answer: Circuit training

The peripheral heart action system is a variation of circuit training. It alternates upper and lower body exercises to improve blood flow distribution. A training session using the peripheral heart action system is divided into two to four sets, all of which contain four to six different exercises, alternating between upper body and lower body.

88.

All of the following are examples of good customer service except:

  • Giving advice to an individual who declined help

  • Making eye contact and smiling

  • Offering members a towel or some water

  • Introducing yourself by name

Correct answer: Giving advice to an individual who declined help

Approaching new clients can be intimidating, so learning how to give excellent customer service can increase confidence. Examples of excellent customer service include the following:

  • Making eye contact
  • Smiling with members
  • Offering members a towel or some water
  • Introducing yourself by name

If a member declines your assistance, it is best to adhere to their wishes.

89.

How is social physique anxiety a barrier to exercise?

  • It alters the positive experience of exercise

  • It limits the abilities of the client

  • It reduces the client's capacity to exercise

  • It keeps the client from losing weight

Correct answer: It alters the positive experience of exercise

A client with social physique anxiety may have difficulty focusing on the training program because they are self-conscious. This limits their enjoyment of exercise. These clients may also refrain from participating with full energy due to their discomfort. However, they are physically just as capable as other clients to perform the exercises in the program. The trainer may need to spend more time being emotionally supportive of these clients.

90.

For a client who demonstrates an anterior pelvic tilt, which of the following exercises should be avoided?

  • Leg press

  • Calf raises

  • Single-leg balance reach

  • Squat

Correct answer: Leg press

If a client demonstrates an anterior pelvic tilt, the fitness professional should focus on trying to lengthen the hip flexors and the hip extensors while activating the gluteal muscles. The leg press is a quad-dominant machine and does not allow the gluteal muscles to work to their full potential.

91.

When measuring the chest skin fold, which direction should the fold be in order to take an accurate measurement?

  • Diagonal

  • Horizontal

  • Vertical

Correct answer: Diagonal

Diagonal is correct because this will be the easiest, and therefore most reliable, way to pinch the skin fold in this area. For males, the diagonal fold is taken halfway between the anterior axillary line (imaginary line extending from the front of the armpit downward) and the nipple. For females, it is one-third of this distance.

Horizontal is incorrect because no skin folds are taken with a horizontal fold. Vertical is incorrect because this position would not allow for an accurate measurement.

92.

Which of the following is considered companionship support?

  • A workout buddy

  • A friendly trainer

  • A workout plan from the trainer

  • A babysitter

Correct answer: A workout buddy

Companionship support is when a friend, family member, or coworker is able to exercise with the client and increase the client's positive exercise experience. This is different from emotional support, which is when the trainer is empathetic toward the client. Informational support is data provided by the trainer, and instrumental support is practical things like babysitting and a functioning car.

93.

All of the following are examples of reflecting except:

  • “I understand completely…”

  • “What I hear you saying is..."

  • “Let me see if I got this right…"

  • “What you’re telling me is…”

Correct answer: “I understand completely…”

Especially during the initial interview with a client, the fitness professional needs to engage in active listening. Active listening is a technique that requires the listener to listen carefully to what clients say as well as being sensitive to their body language and the words they use.

Reflections are conversational techniques that are rarely used in conversation. However, they subtly express caring and understanding by allowing the client to correct or affirm the trainer's perception.

94.

When a client is training aerobically, which of the following actions can offset the lack of air resistance to equalize the energy cost between outside and treadmill running?

  • Increase treadmill grade to 1%

  • Increase treadmill speed by 1 mph

  • Hold the handrails

Correct answer: Increase treadmill grade to 1%

Increase treadmill grade to 1% is correct as this allows a client to run at the same speed on a treadmill as they would outdoors while maintaining the same energy cost. The advantage of treadmill running is that it can control running speed and elevation. In addition, the landing surface is much softer, reducing the impact forces associated with foot strike.

Increase treadmill speed by 1 mph is incorrect because this will increase the energy cost too much. Hold the handrails is incorrect because this would further decrease the energy cost of treadmill running.

95.

Which is the best description of plyometric-power training?

  • Plyometric-power training uses the entire muscle action and contraction-velocity spectrums

  • Plyometric-power training uses dynamic eccentric and concentric movement with increased neural demand

  • Plyometric-power training establishes correct landing mechanics, alignment, and neuromuscular efficiency

  • Plyometric-power training improves dynamic joint stabilization and rate of force production

Correct answer: Plyometric-power training uses the entire muscle action and contraction-velocity spectrums

Plyometric training, also known as jump or reactive training, is a form of exercise that uses explosive movements, such as bounding, jumping, or forceful upper body movements, to develop muscular power.

Plyometric-power training requires the most neuromuscular coordination of all the plyometric training levels and uses the maximum contraction and velocity of the muscle systems.

96.

What type of fatty acids are omega-3?

  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids

  • Saturated fatty acids

  • Monounsaturated fatty acids

  • Trans-fatty acids

Correct answer: Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Fats are classified based on their level of saturation of hydrogen, which is why some fatty acids are classified as either saturated or unsaturated. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have multiple areas that are not saturated with hydrogen, unlike a saturated fat, which is a chain of carbons that is completely saturated with all of the hydrogen it can hold. Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Specifically, omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects and help decrease blood clotting, and omega-6 fatty acids promote blood clotting and cell membrane formation.

97.

Which of the following best describes an exercise that is inherently focused on increasing power production?

  • Clean and jerk

  • Conventional deadlifts

  • Bent over rows

  • Bench press

Correct answer: Clean and jerk

The clean and jerk is an Olympic lift that is designed to increase power. 

The deadlift, bench press, and bent over row can all be performed in such a way as to increase power, but they are not inherently designed to address this variable. Rather, they are primarily used to increase strength and endurance in the muscles. 

98.

Which of the following is a type of record that a fitness professional should keep?

  • A record of clients' progresses in resistance training

  • A record of clients' physical responses to exercise

  • A record of how many clients are participating in certain exercise programs (e.g., strength or high-intensity interval training)

  • A record of open-ended questions used in each initial interview

Correct answer: A record of clients' progresses in resistance training

Fitness trainers should track every workout in the client's training program, so that fitness progress can be identified and celebrated. Other types of records relate to the business aspect of training, such as the number of days worked or income created.

99.

All of the following are true statements about physical activity for preadolescent youth (children) except:

  • Resistance training is not safe for pre-adolescents under the age of 13

  • A child's heart rate might exceed 200 beats/minute during vigorous exercise

  • Children have been shown to experience strength gains of 30 to 40% after just two to three months of resistance training

  • Physical activity can enhance psychosocial well-being in children

Correct answer: Resistance training is not safe for pre-adolescents under the age of 13

It is a common belief that children should not participate in a resistance training program at an early age. However, resistance training has been shown to be safe and beneficial for children as young as seven or eight years, provided that specific guidelines are followed. In fact, children have experienced large gains in strength in resistance programs of just 8 to 12 weeks, even 30 to 40%.

One cited concern was damage to the growth plates. However, in monitoring children who participate in resistance training programs, there has not been any evidence to support this concern. In fact, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that children include muscle and bone strengthening activities during their recommended 60 minutes of daily activity.

In general, children have faster breathing and heart rates than adults, and a child's heart rate may actually exceed 200 beats/minute during vigorous activity.

General physical activity also provides benefits beyond physiological adaptations for preadolescent youth (children). Increased activity may also enhance psychosocial well-being and may even lead to improvements in academic performance.

100.

Which of the following is an example of cardiorespiratory training for Stage 2 clients?

    • 5-minute warm-up
    • 1 minute Zone 2
    • 3 minutes Zone 1
    • 1 minute Zone 2
    • 3 minutes Zone 1
    • 1 minute Zone 1
    • 5-minute cool-down
    • 5-minute warm-up
    • 3 minutes Zone 2
    • 1 minute Zone 1
    • 3 minutes Zone 2
    • 1 minute Zone 1
    • 3 minutes Zone 2
    • 5-minute cool-down
    • 5-minute warm-up
    • 1 minute Zone 2
    • 1 minute Zone 3
    • 1 minute Zone 2
    • 1 minute Zone 3
    • 5-10 minute cool-down
    • 5-minute warm-up
    • 5 minutes Zone 1
    • 1 minute Zone 2
    • 5 minutes Zone 1
    • 5-10 minute cool-down

Correct answer:

  • 5-minute warm-up
  • 1 minute Zone 2
  • 3 minutes Zone 1
  • 1 minute Zone 2
  • 3 minutes Zone 1
  • 1 minute Zone 1
  • 5-minute cool-down

Stage 2 cardiorespiratory training involves building on the base of Stage 1 training. The client will begin with a short time in Zone 2 before reverting to Zone 1 for three times as long. The client may alternate this pattern as long as is needed for the duration of the session.

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