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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ISSA CPT Exam Questions

Page 4 of 58

61.

Inside the myofibrils of muscle tissue, which two types of contractile myofilaments can be found?

  • Actin and myosin

  • Sarcoplasm and plasma

  • Tropomyosin and troponin

  • Agonist and synergist

Correct answer: Actin and myosin

Myofibrils contain both actin and myosin, which together form a sarcomere. During contraction, the myosin (thick) filaments bind with the actin (thin) filaments by forming crossbridges. The thick filaments pull the thin filaments past them, making the sarcomere shorter.

Muscle contractions are made possible by tropomyosin and troponin, which are both found on the actin filament. If a muscle is relaxed, then tropomyosin blocks myosin binding sites on the actin filament. Contrastingly, during contraction, troponin provides binding sites for tropomyosin and calcium along the actin filament.

62.

Torque can best be described as:

  • A force that generates rotation

  • The speed at which a movement is performed

  • The amount of force that gravity has on the body

  • A push or pull that creates, stops, or changes movement

Correct answer: A force that generates rotation

When the amount of torque increases in a joint, the joint is more likely to rotate. The attachment sites and the line of pull cannot be altered. Therefore, moving the resistance is the easiest way to alter the amount of torque produced at a joint. More torque is created with the weight farther away from the joint, and less torque is created with the weight closer to the joint.

63.

All of the following are multijoint exercises except:

  • Calf raises

  • Squats

  • Chest presses

  • Step-ups

Correct answer: Calf raises

Exercises can be categorized into three types based on the number of joints used. Multijoint exercises are done with the involvement of two or three joints.

On the other hand, calf raises are an example of a single joint exercise, which isolates one major muscle group or joint.

64.

What muscle group is not targeted in the supine leg curl performed on a stability ball?

  • Gluteus medius

  • Hamstrings

  • Erector spinae

  • Gluteus maximus

Correct answer: Gluteus medius

The combined hip extension and knee flexion involved in the stability ball leg curl primarily targets the hamstrings, glutes (gluteus maximus) and low back (erector spinae). This exercise is performed lying on your back on the floor with the arms extended out to the sides, the legs straight, and the lower legs and heels placed on top of the ball.

Push down into the ball to lift the hips off the floor, then bend the knees to roll the ball in toward the body while maintaining a straight line through the knees, hips, and shoulders. As the knees bend and the ball rolls in, the bottoms of the feet will end up on top of the ball. Slowly roll the ball back to the starting position to finish the movement.

The gluteus medius is not targeted with this exercise but is instead responsible for hip abduction.

65.

Which muscles should be statically stretched?

  • Muscles that have been identified as overactive

  • The major muscles at each kinetic chain checkpoint

  • All the muscles of the lower body

  • Muscles that have been identified as weak

Correct answer: Muscles that have been identified as overactive

Static stretching is the process of passively taking a muscle to the point of tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 30 seconds.

Static stretching can be used to lengthen tight muscles and remedy muscle imbalances. Static stretching can be performed before or after exercise and has been shown to cause increased flexibility.

66.

Which of the following is considered a negative coronary risk factor?

  • High-density lipoprotein serum levels greater than 60 mg/dl

  • Low-density lipoprotein serum levels greater than 130 mg/dl

  • Fasting plasma glucose greater than 100 mg/dl

Correct answer: High-density lipoprotein serum levels greater than 60 mg/dl

High-density lipoprotein serum levels greater than 60 mg/dl is correct because this level of high-density lipoprotein has been shown to remove cholesterol from the body and prevent plaque from forming in the arteries. A negative coronary risk factor suggests a favorable influence that may contribute to the development of a protective cardiac benefit. If a negative risk factor is present, one positive risk factor from the sum of risk factors can be subtracted to determine risk stratification.

Low-density lipoprotein serum levels greater than 130 mg/dl and fasting plasma glucose greater than 100 mg/dl are incorrect because these are all positive risk factors.

67.

Muscles that make up the local stabilization system are responsible for which of the following?

  • Providing support for the spine

  • Assisting gross movement patterns

  • Providing support for the shoulder complex

  • Assisting fine-tune movement patterns

Correct answer: Providing support for the spine

The local stabilization system is made up of muscles (primarily type I muscle fibers) that attach directly to the vertebrae. Muscles in the local stabilization system include the transverse abdominis, internal obliques, multifidus, pelvic floor muscles, and diaphragm. Together, these muscles help provide support and stability for the spine during movement by increasing intra-abdominal pressure.

68.

At what intensity should a pregnant client exercise during aerobic exercise?

  • 40-50% of peak work capacity

  • 50-60% of peak work capacity

  • 30-40% of peak work capacity

  • 60-70% of peak work capacity

Correct answer: 40-50% of peak work capacity

Regular exercise before, during, and after pregnancy has been shown to be beneficial in many ways for people who can become pregnant. Because there is decreased oxygen available for aerobic exercise during pregnancy, a pregnant client should participate in low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise at 40-50% of peak work capacity, performed 3-5 days per week with an emphasis on non-weight bearing exercise.

69.

In which plane of motion does the lateral tube walking dynamic stretch take place?

  • Frontal

  • Sagittal

  • Transverse

  • Longitudinal

Correct answer: Frontal

The frontal plane is an imaginary plane that divides the body into equal front and back halves. Movements in the frontal plane are lateral flexion, eversion, inversion, abduction, and adduction. Lateral tube walking is a side-to-side movement in the frontal plane.

70.

What is the recommended daily minimum protein intake for a 30-year-old female who weighs 141 pounds and moderately-active?

  • 76.8 g/day

  • 128 g/day

  • 51.2 g/day

  • 141 g/day

Correct answer: 76.8 g/day

The recommended daily intake for active adults is 1.2-2.0 g/kg of body weight. Therefore, the steps required to determine intake for a 30-year-old, active female who weighs 141 lbs:

1. Determine her body weight in kg: 141 lbs ÷ 2.2 lbs/kg = 64.09 kg

2. Determine the appropriate protein intake range:

Minimum recommended intake: 64 kg x 1.2 g/kg = 76.8 g/day

Maximum recommended intake: 64 kg x 2.0 g/kg = 128 g/day

The daily recommendation for sedentary adults is 0.8 g/kg. If this woman were sedentary, her recommended intake would be 51.2 g/day.

71.

What is the difference between process goals and outcome goals?

  • Process goals can be predictively achieved, and outcome goals may or may not be achieved

  • Process goals can always be achieved, and outcome goals are rarely achieved

  • Process goals give the client something to work toward, and outcome goals are something to do in the moment

  • Process goals are only achieved with careful assessment, and outcome goals are simple to achieve

Correct answer: Process goals can be predictively achieved, and outcome goals may or may not be achieved

The success of process goals can be quite motivating, and they are more easily tracked and achieved than outcome goals because the client has more control over processes. Process goals can result in outcome goals and may be used as smaller goals to achieve an outcome goal.

72.

Which of the following resistance training exercises can be erroneously aided by shrugging the shoulders?

  • Resistance band lateral raise

  • Barbell shoulder press

  • Bench press

Correct answer: Resistance band lateral raise

Resistance band lateral raise is correct because this movement can be used to help raise the handles upward. Performing this technique error will alter which muscles are recruited to perform the exercise properly. If a client cannot prevent this error from occurring, the tension in the resistance band should be lowered.

Barbell shoulder press is incorrect because shrugging the shoulders would likely decrease performance during this exercise. Bench press is incorrect because shrugging the shoulders has no effect on performance during this exercise.

73.

Which of the following is considered a micronutrient?

  • Magnesium

  • Omega-6

  • Fructose

  • Lactose

Correct answer: Magnesium

Vitamins and minerals are considered micronutrients because they are required in smaller amounts than the macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins). Vitamins and minerals are as vital as macronutrients because they play important roles in every function of the body. Magnesium is a mineral involved in energy metabolism.

Fructose and lactose are both disaccharides, which are a form of simple carbohydrate.

Omega-6 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid.

74.

A client's program includes rest periods of one minute between sets. Which of the following training goals is most likely the purpose of this program?

  • Hypertrophy

  • Muscular endurance

  • Muscular strength

Correct answer: Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is correct because recommendations for this training goal include rest intervals between 30 and 90 seconds. These short to moderate rest intervals serve to keep the training density high and cause accumulation of lactate, which is a stimulant of the body's natural anabolic hormone release. Rest interval lengths are based on the training goal and the resistance training status of the client.

Muscular endurance is incorrect because this training goal is typically assigned rest intervals of 30 seconds or less. Muscular strength is incorrect because 2 to 5 minutes is the typical rest interval length for these training goals.

75.

What instruction should be given to a client for the upward movement phase of the seated barbell shoulder press?

  • Push the bar overhead while keeping the wrists right above the elbows

  • Push with the legs to assist pushing the bar overhead with the arms

  • Allow the wrists to extend slightly as you push the bar overhead

  • Lean backward to allow the bar to pass in front of your face as you push the bar overhead

Correct answer: Push the bar overhead while keeping the wrists right above the elbows

The upward movement phase of the seated barbell shoulder press involves pushing the bar from the clavicles to arm's length overhead. During this movement phase, the wrists should stay directly over the elbows, and the wrists should not extend.

The feet should be firmly planted on the floor for stability as part of the five-point body contact position, but the lifter should not push through the legs to assist with the lift. The shoulder press targets the anterior and medial deltoids, trapezius, and triceps brachii, not the legs.

As the bar passes the head, the lifter can extend their neck to bring the head out of the way so that they can push the bar upward in a relatively straight line. They should not be able to lean back, as their shoulders should already be in contact with the back of the seat, also as part of the five-point body contact position.

76.

When measuring radial pulse, where should the middle and index fingers be gently placed to palpate heart rate?

  • Inside the wrist near the base of the thumb

  • Inside the wrist near the base of the little finger

  • On either side of the neck beneath the lower jawbone

Correct answer: Inside the wrist near the base of the thumb

Inside the wrist near the base of the thumb is correct because this is the location of the radial artery. This method is the most common and cost-effective method for assessing both resting and exercise heart rate. Using radial pulse is safer than carotid pulse, as there is no risk of reducing blood flow to the head.

Inside the wrist near the base of the little finger is incorrect because this is not the location of the radial artery. On either side of the neck beneath the lower jawbone is incorrect because this is where the carotid pulse is measured.

77.

A 23-year-old male has a BMI of 31 but shows no signs of hypertension, dyslipidemia, or metabolic disease and has no family history of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following types of programs is he recommended to participate in?

  • Unsupervised program

  • Supervised program

  • Medically supervised program

Correct answer:Unsupervised program

Unsupervised program is correct because this client, with only one risk factor, could be considered low risk. Physical activity would greatly benefit this individual. A combination of one or two weekly training sessions with a personal trainer with prescribed or self-directed unsupervised sessions is recommended for this client.

Supervised program and medically supervised program are incorrect because this client is at low risk and does not require this level of intervention. This client should not participate in exercise is incorrect because, other than being obese, this client is healthy enough and should be encouraged to participate in exercise.

78.

All of the following are true regarding the benefits of SAQ training with older adults except:

  • It can promote the progression of sarcopenia

  • It can help improve the performance of activities of daily living

  • It can help produce quicker reaction times

  • It can help develop better balance

Correct answer: It can promote the progression of sarcopenia

SAQ training has the ability to provide older adults with higher levels of independence. SAQ training for seniors may help prevent age-related decreases in bone density, coordination, and muscular power. Not only can it help delay (not promote) the progression of sarcopenia (muscle loss) but also improve the performance of activities of daily living, help develop better balance, and produce quicker reaction times.

79.

Why should training duration be limited to 60-90 minutes?

  • Longer training sessions increase risk of upper respiratory infections

  • Training sessions lose effectiveness after 90 minutes

  • Training sessions longer than 90 minutes cause injury

  • Longer training sessions require more client motivation

Correct answer: Longer training sessions increase risk of upper respiratory infections

This is a well-documented aspect of training for athletes and should be especially considered for any client who is training frequently and/or has an active lifestyle in addition to training.

Training sessions do not lose effectiveness or cause injury if they are programmed according to the client's needs and conducted carefully.

Some clients may require more motivation than others, but this would not be the primary reason to avoid longer sessions.

80.

All of the following flexibility exercises are recommended for pregnant people except:

  • Dynamic stretching

  • Static stretching

  • Active-isolated stretching

  • Self-myofascial release (SMR)

Correct answer: Dynamic stretching

For clients who are pregnant, flexibility exercises should be performed in the seated or standing position, especially in the second and third trimesters. Static and active stretching should be used as well as self-myofascial release (SMR). However, SMR should only be used as long as the client avoids using the foam roll on varicose veins or anywhere there is swelling.

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