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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

NSCA CSPS Exam Questions

Page 5 of 25

81.

All of the following are conditions that may affect the integrity of the conduction system of the heart and therefore result in a need for a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) except:

  • Stable angina

  • Sick sinus syndrome

  • Coronary artery disease

Correct answer: Stable angina

There are a number of conditions that present a need for a pacemaker or ICD. Here are the most common ones:

  • Coronary artery disease
  • Heart failure with bundle branch block
  • Status as a survivor of sudden cardiac death syndrome
  • Myocardial infarction (MI) that interrupts blood flow to the conduction system
  • Sick sinus syndrome

Stable angina is predictable chest pain that is triggered by exercise, physical activity, or emotional stress. This condition does not require a pacemaker or ICD.

It's important to confirm if a client has any of these conditions, a pacemaker, or an ICD before assessments and training.

82.

Which of the following conditions are clients with obesity most prone to?

  • Musculoskeletal injuries and diseases

  • Depression

  • Medication addiction

Correct answer: Musculoskeletal injuries and diseases

Clients with obesity are prone to musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, particularly osteoarthritis and hip, low back, neck, and knee pain. With this in mind, a carefully graded progression is critical. 

One way to motivate your client is to remind him or her that joint pain usually improves, sometimes dramatically, following weight loss of as little as 5% to 10% of body weight.

83.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of an aerobic exercise program for a client with HIV/AIDS?

  • 3-4 days per week / HIIT / Moderate-to-high intensity / Up to 30 minutes

  • 1 day per week / Water aerobics / 30% to 40% VO2 / 5-minute session

  • Aerobic exercise is not recommended

Correct answer: 3-4 days per week / HIIT / Moderate-to-high intensity / Up to 30 minutes

If you are working with a client who has HIV/AIDS, the following acute variables are recommended for a standard aerobic exercise program:

  • 3-4 days per week (eventually work up to aerobic exercise every day)
  • At first, low-to-moderate impact and large muscle group activities are recommended such as water aerobics, walking, swimming, and biking
  • However, once the client progresses, the trainer can increase impact and intensity with a HIIT workout
  • Progress up to 30 minutes of continuous exercise each day
  • An overall increase in daily living activities

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

84.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a balance exercise program for a client with type 1 diabetes?

  • Single-leg stands; tai chi; yoga / 2-3 days per week / Light to moderate intensity / Any duration

  • Balance board stands / 1-2 days per week / Moderate intensity / 10-30 seconds

  • Isolation holds / 3-5 days per week / High intensity / 10-30 seconds

Correct answer: Single-leg stands; tai chi; yoga / 2-3 days per week / Light to moderate intensity / Any duration

When designing a balance exercise program for a client with type 1 diabetes, the focus should be on lowering blood glucose levels and avoiding exercises that cause an unnecessary spike in glucose levels. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has been shown to be most effective for achieving this goal. However, balance training can also help, and it should be a part of a well-designed program.

When assigning a balance exercise program to a client, be sure to focus on the following acute variables:

  • Single-leg stands; tai chi; yoga
  • 2-3 days per week
  • Light to moderate
  • Any duration

As the client improves, the trainer can increase duration and intensity.

85.

Which of the following is the primary reason that children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder are more likely to be overweight or obese?

  • Trend of decreasing physical activity as age increases

  • Heavy reliance on prescription medication for condition

  • Physically unable to perform basic exercises

Correct answer: Trend of decreasing physical activity as age increases

Due to the trend of decreasing physical activity as age increases, children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder are more likely to be overweight or obese.

Encouraging an increase in daily physical activity such as walks, dancing, and gardening is one of the best ways to maintain the benefits gained through an exercise program.

86.

In general, what are the recommended acute variables a personal trainer should use when creating an exercise program for a postmenopausal woman? 

  • 1-2 sets per exercise; 15-20 repetitions; 40-60% at 1-RM

  • 3-4 sets per exercise; 12-15 repetitions; 60-70% at 1-RM

  • 5-6 sets per exercise; 8-12 repetitions; 75-85% at 1-RM

Correct answer: 1-2 sets per exercise; 15-20 repetitions; 40-60% at 1-RM

Given the benefits of increased muscular strength and increased bone density, resistance training exercises are the most important part of the exercise program for a postmenopausal woman.

It is recommended that the resistance training program should alternate between upper and lower body exercises. Some great examples of lower body exercises include the horizontal leg press, hamstring curl, hip abduction, and hip adduction. Upper body exercises include the bench press, upright row, lat pulldown, and shoulder press.

The acute variables of these exercises are as follows:

  • 1-2 sets per exercise
  • 15-20 repetitions per set
  • 40-60% at 1-RM (one repetition maximum)

87.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a flexibility exercise program for a client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

  • 1-3 days per week / Static stretching / 8-10 stretches / Hold 5-10 sec (progress to 20 sec)

  • 3-4 days per week / Dynamic stretching / 6-8 stretches / 20-30 seconds each

  • 5-7 days per week / Ballistic stretching / 8-10 stretches / 15-30 seconds each

Correct answer: 1-3 days per week / Static stretching / 8-10 stretches / Hold 5-10 sec (progress to 20 sec)

If you are working with a client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the following acute variables are recommended for a standard flexibility exercise program:

  • 1-3 days per week
  • Full-body flexibility exercises, starting with static stretching. As the client progresses, consider range of motion, functional activities, yoga, tai chi, and stretching.
  • 8 - 10 static stretches
  • Hold stretches for 5-10 seconds initially, progressing to 20 seconds per hold as tolerated.

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration. For clients with RA, pain during exercise will be the most common issue.

88.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a resistance training exercise program for a client with atrial fibrillation?

  • 2-3 days per week / 40-80% 1RM / 1 set / 10-15 reps / ≤ 30 sec rest

  • 2-3 days per week / 40-60% 1RM / 1-2 sets / 8-12 reps / 60+ sec rest

  • 3-5 days per week / 80-90% 1RM / 5 sets / 3-7 reps / 90+ sec rest

Correct answer: 2-3 days per week / 40-80% 1RM / 1 set / 10-15 reps / ≤ 30 sec rest

If you are working with a client with atrial fibrillation, the following acute variables are recommended for a resistance training exercise program:

  • 2-3 days per week
  • 8-10 exercises
  • Light to moderate intensity: 40-80% 1RM
  • 1 set per exercise in circuit format
  • 10-15 repetitions
  • Resting period: ≤ 30 seconds

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

89.

You are training a special population client. The client agrees that she feels up to a walking test on a treadmill. What is the first thing you should do before beginning the assessment?

  • Introduce the emergency stop button

  • Start the equipment at a moderate-intensity pace

  • Engage in the Talk Test

Correct answer: Introduce the emergency stop button

The treadmill test remains the most commonly used assessment for a new client. Due to the fatiguing effect of cardiovascular endurance assessments, it is crucial that you go through a complete introduction of the equipment and emergency stop button before beginning.

90.

What is the purpose of a medical clearance form?

  • To address specific medical concerns from a healthcare professional

  • To have a client self-report medical concerns

  • To fulfill employer and legal obligations

Correct answer: To address specific medical concerns from a healthcare professional

For those clients with medical complications or pre-existing conditions, a medical clearance is used to identify specific medical concerns and, when appropriate, approval for the client to participate in exercise assessments and programming. The medical clearance form may also address additional medical concerns or restrictions to exercise programming and the need for a client to have additional testing before approval can be granted. The medical clearance form must be filled out by a healthcare professional.

As a personal trainer, it is your responsibility to make sure your client is given the medical clearance form and that the completed form is returned to you before beginning any type of assessments or programming.

91.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of an aerobic exercise program for a child client who has cancer or who is a cancer survivor?

  • 3-5 days per week / Group games / 50-90% MHR / 10-30 min

  • 5-7 days per week / Walking / 20-30% MHR / 30+ minutes

  • 1-3 days per week / HIIT / 70-80% VO2 / 60+ minutes

Correct answer: 3-5 days per week / Group games / 50-90% MHR / 10-30 min

If you are working with a child client who has cancer or who is a cancer survivor, the following acute variables are recommended for a standard aerobic exercise program:

  • Focus on continuous or intermittent activities such as walking, cycling, running, and group games
  • 3-5 days per week
  • 50-90% MHR
  • 10-30 minutes
  • Allow breaks as needed (usually 1-3 minutes)

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

92.

When creating an aerobic exercise program for a child or adolescent, what are the primary factors that must be considered in relation to changes in performance over time?

  • Age, maturation, and sex

  • Total duration of the aerobic program

  • Intensity and recovery time

Correct answer: Age, maturation, and sex

Physiological adaptations to aerobic training in children are maturity dependent. This is why, during childhood, training-induced aerobic gains are significantly less than those in adulthood. It is essential that personal trainers take into account age, maturation, and sex when assessing endurance performance and changes in performance over time in younger populations.

93.

If a youth client is exceptional in aerobic fitness activities, he or she will probably demonstrate superior performance in which of the following?

  • Anaerobic tests

  • Long-distance running

  • Powerlifting

Correct answer: Anaerobic tests

Studies suggest that when a child has a relatively high level of aerobic fitness, he or she will also demonstrate superior performance on anaerobic tests such as sprinting, weightlifting, or any activity that requires a quick burst of power and speed.

Given the metabolic uniqueness of children, it is important that the personal trainer expose any youth clients to a variety of physical activities and appropriate-level sports conditioning drills. It has been shown that children and adolescents who specialize in only one sport year-round while excluding other sports might be at a higher risk for burnout, overuse injuries, and social isolation.

94.

Which of the following describes a broad range of related diseases characterized by altered immune system function in which immune cells attack healthy tissue?

  • Systemic autoimmune diseases

  • Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

  • Valvular disorders

Correct answer: Systemic autoimmune diseases

There is a broad range of related diseases that are characterized by how the immune system function is altered, resulting in immune cells attacking healthy tissue. These are called systemic autoimmune diseases. Common autoimmune disorders include the following:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Lupus
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Fibromyalgia

95.

When creating a program for an obese client who has little to no experience with physical fitness, which of the following acute variables should be used regardless of the type of exercise?

  • 5- to 15-minute intervals performed two or three times per day

  • 30-minute session of low-intensity exercise performed three times per week

  • 30-minute session of low-intensity exercise performed every day

Correct answer: 5- to 15-minute intervals performed two or three times per day

When you have a new client who has been diagnosed as obese, there's a high probability that he or she will have little to no recent experience with physical fitness. Given the fact that obese clients are at a higher risk of injury during weight-bearing exercises, it is essential that you develop a program that focuses on safety through slow program progression. 

What's more, the importance of a positive initial engagement with an exercise program cannot be overstated. If a client gets hurt, they are less likely to continue to pursue their weight loss goal.

The best way to ensure safety and steady progression is by using 5- to 15-minute intermittent bouts of appropriate exercises two or three times per day. For example, you could have your client take a five-minute walk once in the morning, again in the afternoon, and a final time in the evening.

96.

Which of the following is a surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed in order to fight back against prostate cancer?

  • Orchiectomy

  • Oophorectomy

  • Ovarian suppression

Correct answer: Orchiectomy

A surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed is known as orchiectomy. This procedure effectively reduces blood testosterone levels by 90% to 95%, and it is performed in order to fight back against prostate cancer.

It is important to confirm whether or not a client is set to have this procedure as it will affect an assessment or training schedule.

97.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of an aerobic exercise program for a client with asthma or exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB)?

  • 3-5 sessions per week / Large muscles / 40% to < 60% VO2 / 20-60 min

  • 1-2 sessions per week / Large muscles / 50% to < 65% VO2 / 10-15 min

  • 2-3 sessions per week / Isolation-focused / 60% to < 80% VO2 / 60+ min

Correct answer: 3-5 sessions per week / Large muscles / 40% to < 60% VO2 / 20-60 min

When assigning an aerobic exercise program to a client with asthma or EIB, be sure to focus on the following acute variables:

  • 3-5 sessions per week
  • Large muscle mass activities (e.g., walking)
  • 40% to < 60% VO2 or heart rate reserve
  • 20-60 min of continuous activity

As the client improves, the trainer can consider increasing duration and intensity.

98.

During an assessment, you discover that you are working with a client who has a higher risk for a cardiovascular event. Light intensity activities are recommended. What is defined as light intensity?

  • 30%-40% VO2 / 2 to < 3 METs / 9-11 RPE 

  • 10%-20% VO2 / 1 to < 2 METs / 3-6 RPE 

  • 20%-30% VO2 / 3 to < 4 METs / 6-9 RPE 

Correct answer: 30%-40% VO2 / 2 to < 3 METs / 9-11 RPE 

If you discover that a client you're working with has a higher risk for a cardiovascular event, it's important to use light-intensity exercises. Light intensity is defined as the following:

  • 30% to < 40% VO2 or heart rate reserve
  • 2 to < 3 METs
  • 9-11 Rating of Perceived Exertion or RPE (on 6- to 20-point Borg scale)

Light intensity exercises should produce a slight increase in heart rate and respiration rate in your client.

99.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a resistance training exercise program for a client with epilepsy?

  • 1-2 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / 50-60% 1RM / 1 set / 10-12 reps

  • 1-2 days per week / 8-10 isolation exercises / 60-70% 1RM / 1 set / 10-20 reps

  • 5 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / 50-60% 1RM / 3 sets / 10-15 reps

Correct answer: 1-2 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / 50-60% 1RM / 1 set / 10-12 reps

If you are working with a client who has epilepsy, the following acute variables are recommended for a resistance training exercise program:

  • Modes of training: Weight training machines, bodyweight resistance, and elastic tubing
  • 1-2 days per week (eventually progress to 4 days per week with a split body part routine)
  • 8-10 multijoint exercises
  • 40-60% 1RM (progress to 60-85% 1RM)
  • 1 set per exercise (progress to 2 to 3 sets)
  • 10-12 repetitions
  • Resting period: Between 1 to 2 minutes

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

100.

Which of the following are hormones with a powerful anti-inflammatory effect useful in the treatment of many types of cancer?

  • Corticosteroids

  • Antitumor antibiotics

  • Topoisomerase inhibitors

Correct answer: Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are hormones with a powerful anti-inflammatory effect useful in the treatment of many types of cancer and other diseases.

Corticosteroids are given to patients with cancer before chemotherapy to help with the prevention of severe allergic reactions. They are also given after chemotherapy to help with the prevention of nausea and vomiting.

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