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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

NSCA CSPS Exam Questions

Page 7 of 25

121.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a resistance training exercise program for a client with spinal cord injury?

  • 1-2 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / 40-60% 1RM / 1 set / 10-12 reps

  • 1-2 days per week / 8-10 single joint exercises /  50-60% 1RM / 1 set / 10-12 reps

  • 5 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / 50-60% 1RM / 3 sets / 10-15 reps

Correct answer: 1-2 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / 40-60% 1RM / 1 set / 10-12 reps

If you are working with a client with spinal cord injury, the following acute variables are recommended for a resistance training exercise program:

  • Modes of training: Weight training machines, bodyweight resistance, and elastic tubing
  • 1-2 days per week (eventually progress to 4 days per week with a split body part routine)
  • 8-10 multijoint exercises
  • 40-60% 1RM (progress to 60-85% 1RM)
  • 1 set per exercise (progress to 2 to 3 sets)
  • 10-12 repetitions
  • Resting period: Between 1 to 2 minutes

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

122.

How often should a client who is obese perform nonfatiguing tests?

  • Every three to six months

  • Every six to nine months

  • Once per year

Correct answer: Every three to six months

A client who is obese is at a higher risk for metabolic disorders such as type-II diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that the client performs nonfatiguing tests every three to six months. Nonfatiguing tests include the following:

  • Body weight
  • Body fat percentage
  • Blood pressure
  • Fasting blood glucose
  • Lipids

123.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a resistance training exercise program for a client with sickle cell disease?

  • Based on tolerance / Low impact exercises / Intensity and acute variables will vary based on severity of condition

  • 2-3 days per week / 10-12 multijoint exercises / 50-70% 1RM / 2-3 sets / 10-12 reps

  • 3-5 days per week / 6-8 exercises / 70-90% 1RM / 3-5 sets / 10-15 reps

Correct answer: Based on tolerance / Low impact exercises / Intensity and acute variables will vary based on severity of condition 

If you are working with a client who has sickle cell disease, the following acute variables are recommended for a resistance training exercise program:

  • Frequency of resistance training is based on tolerance
  • Low impact exercises must be the focus - This can include multijoint exercises as long as the client can tolerate them
  • Light intensity
  • Sets and repetitions will vary from client to client; start small and progress gradually
  • Provide plenty of rest time between sets

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

124.

Which of the following is defined as an inability of the heart muscle to pump blood at a rate consistent with the metabolic needs, resulting in fatigue or dyspnea?

  • Chronic heart failure

  • Unstable angina

  • Peripheral arterial disease

Correct answer: Chronic heart failure

An inability of the heart muscle to pump blood at a rate consistent with the metabolic needs, resulting in fatigue or dyspnea is known as chronic heart failure (CHF). Also referred to as congestive heart failure, there are two types of chronic heart failure:

  1. Systolic heart failure: The contractility of the left ventricle is impaired, resulting in an ejection fraction < 35% of normal.
  2. Diastolic heart failure: The left ventricle is not able to relax normally and fill appropriately due to increased stiffness or thickness.

125.

All of the following are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis except:

  • Speech disorders

  • Vertigo

  • Walking problems

Correct answer: Speech disorders

Clients with multiple sclerosis may report a wide array of symptoms. The symptom and severity will depend on the breakdown in nerve signal transmission and where exactly the demyelination is occurring. Individuals with MS experience the following common symptoms:

  • Fatigue
  • Numbness and pain
  • Walking problems
  • Balance impairments
  • Coordination impairments
  • Bladder dysfunction
  • Bowel dysfunction
  • Vision problems
  • Dizziness
  • Vertigo
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Cognitive dysfunction
  • Emotional changes
  • Spasticity
  • Depression

Uncommon symptoms to watch out for include speech disorders, swallowing problems, hearing loss, seizures, tremors, and breathing problems. Make sure you familiarize yourself with the uncommon symptoms as this can be the sign of an emergency.

126.

What is the recommended initial prescription for improving flexibility and range of motion for beginner or deconditioned adults with mild posture conditions?

  • Static stretches; 3-7 days per week; hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds

  • Static stretches; 1-4 days per week; hold each stretch for 60 seconds

  • Dynamic stretches; 2-5 days per week; hold each stretch for 15-45 seconds

Correct answer: Static stretches; 3-7 days per week; hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds

The recommended initial prescription for improving flexibility and range of motion for beginner or deconditioned adults with mild posture conditions is as follows:

  • Static stretches
  • Three to seven days per week
  • Holding each stretch for 15 to 30 seconds

For those areas that have been identified as needing more attention, an increased number of repetitions should be incorporated. On average, this will mean an extra two or three more repetitions.

127.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of flexibility training for a client with sarcopenia?

  • 5-7 times per week / Mild discomfort / 15-30 seconds

  • 1-3 times per week / No discomfort / 1-15 seconds

  • 3-5 times per week / Moderate to heavy discomfort / 60+ seconds

Correct answer: 5-7 times per week / Mild discomfort / 15-30 seconds

When designing a flexibility exercise program for a client with sarcopenia, the focus should be to promote healthy movement patterns and functional capacity through increases in lean muscle growth and neuromuscular connections. Clients will also enjoy continued independence and improved activities of daily living. 

In combination with a resistance training program and aerobic exercise program, the client will also need to promote recovery and proper length-tension relationships of muscle fibers with a flexibility training program.

Static stretches should be performed on all or most days (5 to 7 days per week), focusing on holding the stretch to a point of mild discomfort for 15 to 30 seconds each.

As the client improves, the trainer can increase duration and intensity.

128.

During a fitness assessment, what is the most important test for a client with asthma or exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB)?

  • Bronchial challenge test

  • Blood glucose test

  • 1-RM test

Correct answer: Bronchial challenge test

When working with a client who has asthma or EIB, a thorough fitness assessment will be essential. The most important test for this type of client is a bronchial challenge test. By performing this test, the exercise professional will become aware of the client’s threshold and response to exercise intensity, duration, mode, and, when possible, environmental stimuli.

During a bronchial challenge test, the client will be asked to inhale doses of methacholine. This is a drug that causes narrowing of the airways, mimicking symptoms of asthma.

129.

Which of the following describes a safe and effective measurement of aerobic exercise during the talk test assessment?

  • Intensity at which a client can just barely respond

  • Intensity at which a client is able to have a normal conversation

  • Intensity at which the client isn't able to respond

Correct answer: Intensity at which a client can just barely respond

The talk test is popular, safe, and effective method of aerobic exercise testing. This test shows the trainer how comfortably a person can talk during exercise. The intensity at which a person can just barely respond in conversation is considered to be safe and appropriate for aerobic endurance improvement.

130.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of an aerobic exercise program for a client with epilepsy?

  • 1 day per week / Reciprocal press–pull exercise / 30% to < 60% VO2 / 15-20 min sessions

  • 2-3 days per week / Sprints / 75-85% VO2 / 15-min sessions

  • 4-5 days per week / CrossFit / 60% to 75% MHR / 30-minute sessions

Correct answer: 1 day per week / Reciprocal press–pull exercise / 30% to < 60% VO2 / 15-20 min sessions

If you are working with a client with epilepsy, the following acute variables are recommended for a standard aerobic exercise program:

  • 1 day per week (eventually work up to 2-3 days per week)
  • Based on client tolerance, modes of training should include walking, cycling, rowing, arm crank exercise, and reciprocal press–pull exercise
  • Intensity: 30% to < 60% VO2
  • Begin with 15- to 20-minute sessions; progress up to 30-minute sessions
  • An overall increase in daily living activities

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

131.

Which of the following does the human immunodeficiency virus directly attack?

  • White blood cells

  • Red blood cells

  • Hemoglobin

Correct answer: White blood cells

Human immunodeficiency virus, better known as HIV, attacks white blood cells of the immune system, specifically CD4 helper T cells. These cells are critical to immune function. As the virus destroys these cells, this leads to a progressive deterioration of the immune system. Ultimately, this will make an individual more susceptible to opportunistic infections, unusual cancers, and other abnormalities.

132.

Which of the following is considered the most common side effect of cancer and cancer treatment?

  • Cancer-related fatigue

  • Loss of hearing

  • Forgetfulness

Correct answer: Cancer-related fatigue

The most common side effect of cancer and cancer treatment is cancer-related fatigue. This is not your normal fatigue of everyday living activities. Cancer-related fatigue is not improved by resting. 

This condition affects up to 70% of cancer patients during chemo- and radiotherapy and after surgery and dramatically increases the risk for muscular catabolism and chronic fatigue.

133.

What is the primary objective of medications prescribed for lupus erythematosus?

  • Minimizing tissue damage and symptoms

  • Increase cellular growth in damaged areas

  • Reduce pain

Correct answer: Minimizing tissue damage and symptoms

There is no known cure for lupus. Medications that are prescribed for lupus have the primary objective of minimizing the destruction of healthy tissue while reducing the severity of symptoms to improve overall quality of life.

Treatment options for lupus involve a variety of strategies including the following:

  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Exercise
  • Nutritional supplementation
  • Corticosteroids
  • Chemotherapy

134.

Which of the following is the primary objective of a medication prescribed to a client with Parkinson's disease?

  • To increase dopamine levels

  • To decrease blood pressure

  • To increase serotonin levels

Correct answer: To increase dopamine levels

The primary objective of a medication prescribed to a client with Parkinson's disease (PD) is to increase dopamine levels.

The most commonly prescribed medication used in the treatment of PD is levodopa. Once ingested, levodopa is altered by brain enzymes to produce dopamine. As a result, slowness is minimized, stiffness is alleviated, and tremors are reduced.

135.

Which of the following types of stroke is a result of bleeding in the brain?

  • Hemorrhagic stroke

  • Ischemic stroke

  • Vascular stroke

Correct answer: Hemorrhagic stroke

A stroke is a loss of neurological functions related to an acute interruption of blood flow to the brain. There are two types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic.

Ischemic Stroke: Blood flow is interrupted by a physical blockage. Approximately 80% of all strokes are ischemic.

Hemorrhagic Stroke: Result of bleeding in the brain. Between 10% to 15% are hemorrhagic in origin.

136.

Which of the following medications are common in clients with dyslipidemia and also may cause muscle damage?

  • Statins

  • Insulin

  • Beta blockers

Correct answer: Statins

One of the most commonly prescribed medications for clients with dyslipidemia is called statins. Brand name examples of statins include Lipitor, Crestor, Zocor, Pravachol, Advicor, Mevacor, or Altacor. It is essential to check with your clients with dyslipidemia to see if they are taking statins because this medication is known to cause muscle damage or muscle pain (myalgias).

Knowing this can help the personal trainer create a more effective exercise program to address the potential for muscle pain caused by statins.

137.

All of the following are common medical complications related to anorexia nervosa except:

  • Increase in lean tissue

  • Osteoporosis

  • Infertility

Correct answer: Increase in lean tissue

Individuals with anorexia nervosa are characterized by having low body weight, obsessing about their body shape and size, especially to look thin and fear of gaining any body weight, and restrictive eating behaviors. Medical complications of anorexia nervosa include the following:

  1. Osteoporosis
  2. Reduction or loss of menses
  3. Infertility
  4. Heart damage

Muscle gain is not a common medical complication related to anorexia nervosa.

138.

Which of the following is the leading barrier for individuals who fall into a special population category but want to begin an exercise program?

  • Lack of exercise professionals who deal with special populations

  • Lack of motivation

  • Restrictive orders from a medical professional

Correct answer: Lack of exercise professionals who deal with special populations

The leading barrier for individuals who fall into a special population category but want to begin an exercise program is a lack of exercise professionals who deal with this population of clients.

Those individuals of varying special populations may wish to engage in exercise training for a variety of reasons, which may be similar to or different from those of the general, apparently healthy population, but the issue is a lack of experts who can appropriately help them. By becoming a Certified Special Population Specialist, you are placing yourself above other trainers who are limited to the general population.

139.

Which of the following is the most ideal form of aerobic exercise for a client who has epilepsy?

  • Swimming

  • Contact sports

  • Powerlifting

Correct answer: Swimming

Of the listed forms of exercise, swimming is the most ideal form for clients with epilepsy. Contact sports, on the other hand, are potentially dangerous as the client can get hit in the head and this could trigger a seizure.

While swimming is generally a good form of exercise for clients with epilepsy, he or she must swim in a shallow area with a lifeguard just in case a seizure occurs.

It should be up to all clients and their physician or other health care professional to weigh the risk and benefits associated with particular types of exercise.

140.

Which of the following is the goal for treating a tumor?

  • Interfere with enzyme function

  • Lower blood pressure

  • Decrease the risk of lymphedema

Correct answer: Interfere with enzyme function

Tumors increase in size based on their own cell reproduction capacity. When an individual gets treatment for a tumor, the goal is to interfere with enzyme function or substrate utilization related to DNA synthesis or function. Disrupting these processes can interfere with tumor growth and stop it from getting bigger and spreading to other parts of the body.

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