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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

NSCA CSPS Exam Questions

Page 8 of 25

141.

Which of the following are the most important factors that can help a trainer to develop an effective and safe exercise program?

  • Medical and health history

  • Client likes and dislikes

  • Popular trending workouts and diets

Correct answer: Medical and health history

The personal trainer must provide each client with an evidence-based approach to assess, inform, and formulate short-, medium, and long-term plans regarding exercise needs and goals. Therefore, proper information is critical to be able to develop an appropriate exercise program.

The most important factors to be able to do this are the medical and health history of the client. This information and data are necessary to develop an effective and safe exercise program.

142.

Which of the following is defined as an umbrella term for a collection of symptoms relating to a loss of memory and brain function that interferes with daily life?

  • Dementia 

  • Intellectual disability

  • Down syndrome

Correct answer: Dementia

An umbrella term for a collection of symptoms relating to a loss of memory and brain function that interferes with daily life is known as dementia. 

A number of disorders affecting the brain can cause dementia, including the following:

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Huntington’s disease
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  • Vascular stroke

143.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a flexibility exercise program for an adult client who has cancer or who is a cancer survivor?

  • ≥ 3 days per week / 2-4 sets per muscle area / Hold for 10-30 seconds

  • Daily / Only static stretching / 12 stretches / Hold for 60+ seconds

  • 3-4 days per week / Ballistic stretching / 6-8 stretches / Hold for 15-20 seconds

Correct answer: ≥ 3 days per week / 2-4 sets per muscle area / Hold for 10-30 seconds

If you are working with an adult client who has cancer or who is a cancer survivor, the following acute variables are recommended for a standard flexibility exercise program:

  • ≥ 3 days per week
  • Focus on passive and static stretching
  • 2-4 sets per muscle area
  • Hold stretches for 10 to 30 seconds

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

144.

All of the following are catheter-driven treatments for coronary atherosclerosis except:

  • Coronary artery bypass grafting

  • Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 

  • Percutaneous coronary intervention

Correct answer: Coronary artery bypass grafting

The two most common catheter-driven treatments for coronary atherosclerosis are percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). During these treatments, a balloon-tipped catheter is guided to the site of the lesion and expanded with the purpose of reducing the plaque and restoring blood flow. Both treatments dramatically improve the client's training response, resulting in a significant spike in health benefits related to exercise.

Coronary artery bypass grafting is a type of open heart surgery.

145.

Which of the following conditions is characterized by persistent, medically unexplained fatigue lasting for at least six months?

  • Chronic fatigue syndrome

  • Lupus

  • Cardiovascular disease

Correct answer: Chronic fatigue syndrome

The condition that is characterized by persistent, medically unexplained fatigue lasting for at least six months is known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). What's more, CFS is unrelieved by bed rest.

Due to the constant feelings of fatigue, individuals with CFS experience an immediate decline in physical activity, health, and overall quality of life.

146.

Which of the following BMIs is associated with a 30-fold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

  • > 35

  • < 29

  • < 23

Correct answer: > 35

Studies show that individuals with a BMI (body mass index) greater than 35 have up to a 30-fold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to individuals with a BMI less than 23.

In the United States, approximately 29.1 million people have diabetes while another 86 million are estimated to have prediabetes. Over 75% of type 2 diabetes cases occur among obese, inactive adults.

147.

Resistance training increases insulin receptors and capacity for glucose uptake in clients with type 2 diabetes by promoting which of the following?

  • Increases in fat-free mass

  • Improvements in resting heart rate

  • Decreases in adipose tissue

Correct answer: Increases in fat-free mass

At least six months of resistance training has been shown to increase fat-free mass. This can help a diabetic client by increasing insulin receptors and capacity for glucose uptake. What's more, resistance training stimulates glucose uptake while lowering glycosylated hemoglobin.

An ideal resistance training program for a new client with type 2 diabetes will include the following acute variables:

  • 2-3 days per week
  • 10-12 multi-joint exercises
  • 50-70% 1RM
  • 2-3 sets
  • 8-12 repetitions
  • 30-60 min per session

148.

What is the most relevant definition of "good posture" as it relates to physical performance and wellbeing?

  • Alignment that allows for optimal movement and function

  • Alignment that refers exclusively to specific exercises

  • Arrangement of the body in relation to the equipment (e.g., weight-bearing machine)

Correct answer: Alignment that allows for optimal movement and function

Good posture can be defined as the alignment of the musculoskeletal system that allows for the maximum efficiency of body movement and functions. What's more, good posture also ensures that you are not placing inappropriate pathological stress on the muscular, skeletal, or nervous systems.

149.

There are a variety of postural conditions that can impact training. Which postural condition is defined as an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine?

  • Hyperlordosis

  • Hyperkyphosis

  • Scoliosis

Correct answer: Hyperlordosis

There are a variety of postural conditions that can impact training. Hyperlordosis is described as an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine. Hyperlordosis creates a characteristic C-shaped curve in the lower back.

It is essential to consult with your client to define which medically diagnosed postural condition he or she has, as this will impact which assessment and exercises are deemed appropriate to use with that client.

150.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of an aerobic exercise program for a sedentary client with type 2 diabetes?

  • Two or three 10-min bouts of aerobic activity per day / use the talk test / 5-7 days per week

  • 30 min of aerobic activity per day / 70-85% heart rate reserve / 2-3 days per week

  • 60 min of aerobic activity per day / 16-20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) / 2-3 days per week

Correct answer: Two or three 10-min bouts of aerobic activity per day / use the talk test / 5-7 days per week

When designing an aerobic exercise program for a sedentary client with type 2 diabetes, it is essential to start small and progress slowly. It is recommended for sedentary clients to begin with two or three 10-min bouts of aerobic activity per day. Eventually, this duration should increase to 30 minutes of continuous aerobic activity on 5 to 7 days per week. The best way to determine appropriate intensity for sedentary clients is by using the talk test.

151.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of an aerobic exercise program for a client with atrial fibrillation?

  • 4-7 days per week / Jogging / 50-85% VO2 / 30-60 minutes

  • ≥ 3 days per week / Jogging / 40-80% VO2 / 20-60 minutes

  • 1-2 days per week / HIIT / 80-100% VO2 / 15-25 minutes

Correct answer: 4-7 days per week / Jogging / 50-85% VO2 / 30-60 minutes

If you are working with a client with atrial fibrillation, the following acute variables are recommended for a standard aerobic exercise program:

  • 4-7 days per week (preferably every day)
  • Large muscle group activities such as walking, jogging, or cycling
  • 50-85% VO2 peak; or 13-16 RPE (on Borg 6- to 20-point scale)
  • 30 to 60 minutes or more of either continuous or accumulated exercise throughout the day; for example, the client can perform two to six bouts of 10 minutes each
  • An overall increase in daily living activities

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

152.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of an aerobic exercise program for a client with muscular dystrophy?

  • 1 day per week / Rowing / 30% to < 60% VO2 / 15-20 min sessions

  • 2 days per week / HIIT / 80% VO2 / Three 10-min bouts 

  • 5 days per week / Boxing / 60% VO2 / 25-minute sessions

Correct answer: 1 day per week / Rowing / 30% to < 60% VO2 / 15-20 min sessions

If you are working with a client who has muscular dystrophy, the following acute variables are recommended for a standard aerobic exercise program:

  • 1 day per week (eventually work up to 2-3 days per week)
  • Based on client tolerance, modes of training should include walking, cycling, rowing, and reciprocal press–pull exercise
  • Intensity: light to moderate (30% to < 60% VO2)
  • Begin with 15- to 20-minute sessions; progress up to 30-minute sessions
  • An overall increase in daily living activities

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

153.

Which of the following types of cerebral palsy affects all four extremities and is the most restrictive to independent gait?

  • Spastic tetraplegia

  • Spastic hemiplegia

  • Athetoid

Correct answer: Spastic tetraplegia

Spastic tetraplegia is the most restrictive to independent gait. Due to excessive muscle tone and tremors that interfere with energy-efficient movements, spastic tetraplegia affects all four extremities.

154.

Which of the following best reflects the recommended acute variables of a resistance training exercise program for a client with chronic fatigue syndrome?

  • 1-2 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / Intensity based on volitional fatigue / 1 sets / 10-15 reps

  • 2-3 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / 40-60% 1RM / 2-3 sets / 10-12 reps

  • 3-5 days per week / 6-8 exercises / 70-90% 1RM / 3-5 sets / 10-15 reps

Correct answer: 1-2 days per week / 8-10 multijoint exercises / Intensity based on volitional fatigue / 1 sets / 10-15 reps

If you are working with a client who has chronic fatigue syndrome, the following acute variables are recommended for a resistance training exercise program:

  • 1-2 days per week (eventually progress to 2-3 days per week)
  • 8-10 multijoint exercises
  • Set intensity should fall short of volitional fatigue. Increases in intensity beyond this point should be based on postexercise symptomatology.
  • 1 set per exercise (eventually progress to 2-3 sets)
  • 10-15 repetitions
  • Resting period: Between 1 to 2 minutes

Keep in mind that these variables might need to be adjusted based on the results of exercise testing and assessments detailing symptom severity in response to exercise intensity and duration.

155.

You have been working with your client who was at a higher risk for a cardiovascular event for about six months. Your client has made tremendous progress and after a re-assessment, you believe that it is appropriate to incorporate high-intensity activities. What is defined as high intensity?

  • 60% to 90% VO2 / 6 METs / 14 RPE

  • 30% to 40% VO2 / 1 to < 3 METs / 6-9 RPE

  • 50% to 60% VO2 / 3 to < 4 METs / 15-20 RPE

Correct answer: 60% to 90% VO2 / 6 METs / 14 RPE

If you have a client who was once at a higher risk for a cardiovascular event, and you've been working together for about six months with tremendous progress, it might be time to incorporate high-intensity activities. High intensity is defined as the following:

  • ≥ 60% to 90% VO2 or heart rate reserve
  • ≥ 6 METs
  • ≥ 14 Rating of Perceived Exertion or RPE (on 6- to 20-point Borg scale)

 High-intensity activities produce a substantial increase in heart rate and respiration rate.

156.

Which of the following is described as a sprain that has moderate degrees of tenderness and swelling, with tearing of some fibers but not the entire ligament?

  • Grade 2 sprain

  • Grade 1 sprain

  • Grade 3 sprain

Correct answer: Grade 2 sprain

A grade 2 sprain, also called a moderate sprain, has moderate degrees of tenderness and swelling, with tearing of some fibers but not the entire ligament, and possible mild joint instability.

157.

All of the following are safety precautions to take with a breast cancer survivor with and at risk of lymphedema except:

  • Active high-intensity recovery

  • Wearing compression sleeves

  • Lifting the arm above the head after exercise

Correct answer: Active high-intensity recovery

When working with a client who is a breast cancer survivor, there is a good chance she has or is at risk for lymphedema. Precautions such as wearing compression sleeves, lifting the arm above the head after exercise, and active light recovery may facilitate lymph return after exercise and reduce the risk for lymphedema symptoms.

158.

What is the primary purpose of the medications that are prescribed for strokes?

  • Reduce blood viscosity

  • Increase blood pressure

  • Decrease intolerance to physical activity

Correct answer: Reduce blood viscosity

There are several common types of medication including blood thinners, anticoagulants, and antiplatelets. The primary purpose of these medications is to minimize the risk of subsequent strokes by reducing blood viscosity or “thickness.” 

With that said, these medications also increase the risk of bleeding complications. It's important to perform a thorough assessment with your client and familiarize yourself with potential complications from the medications.

159.

Which of the following is considered exercise termination criteria when training a client with hypertension?

  • Client has a systolic pressure of 220 mmHg or a  diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg

  • Client thinks the exercises are tough

  • Clients is breathing heavily

Correct answer: Client has a systolic pressure of 220 mmHg or a diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg

When training a client with hypertension, it is essential to monitor blood pressure before, during, and after exercise. If you find that your client has a systolic pressure of 220 mmHg or a diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg, the exercise session should be stopped as this indicates a dangerous level of blood pressure. Have the client rest and continue monitoring his or her condition until blood pressure returns to normal levels.

160.

Why is it important to keep in constant communication with a licensed health care professional?

  • Source of referrals

  • Legal issues

  • Required by the scope of practice guidelines

Correct answer: Source of referrals

Given the expected rise in special populations, licensed health care professionals will be seeking an exercise professional with extensive experience working with special population clients. Keeping in constant contact with one or several licensed health care professionals can be an excellent source of referrals for you and the health care provider.

Something else to consider is how medical patients with a limited background in exercise and active lifestyles are unlikely to seek to begin a structured exercise program with professional support, even if this has been recommended by the clinician. By establishing working relationships with medical professionals in the community, you make it easier for the client to immediately begin their training after a surgery, rehab, etc.

Establishing a good relationship with one or several licensed health care professionals also acts as a source of knowledge, allowing you to confirm assessments, recommendations, and exercise programs.

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