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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

PMI-PBA Exam Questions

Page 9 of 25

161.

Which of the following is not a valid reason for a stakeholder to withhold sign-off on a developed business solution?

  • The stakeholder was not involved in the requirements elicitation process

  • The solution does not meet all the defined requirements

  • The stakeholder has concerns about the solution's potential risks

  • The stakeholder believes the solution does not align with the business objectives

Correct answer: The stakeholder was not involved in the requirements elicitation process

Stakeholder involvement in requirements elicitation is ideal, but it's not always feasible due to scheduling and other work issues that may arise. It’s not a valid reason to withhold sign-off if the solution meets the agreed-upon requirements and objectives.

The business solution not meeting all defined requirements, potential product risks, and misalignment with overall organization goals and objectives are more valid reasons to examine during business solution approval.

162.

A project has multiple stakeholders with conflicting priorities. Which of the following techniques would be most effective in facilitating a collaborative decision-making process to determine the final requirements baseline?

  • Requirements workshop

  • Voting

  • Dictatorship

  • Random selection 

Correct answer: Requirements workshop

A requirements workshop brings stakeholders together to discuss, negotiate, and reach a consensus on the final requirements. This encourages collaboration and ensures everyone has a voice in the decision-making process.

Voting can create winners and losers, leading to dissatisfaction among stakeholders.

Dictatorship doesn't consider the diverse needs and priorities of stakeholders.

Random selection is not a fair or effective way to prioritize requirements.

163.

You are responsible for establishing the requirements baseline. Which of the following is not a key component of a requirements baseline?

  • Solution design specifications

  • Functional and non-functional requirements

  • Stakeholder analysis

  • Business rules

Correct answer: Solution design specifications

The requirements baseline focuses on the what of the project: the needs and constraints. Solution design specifications, which detail the how, come later in the project lifecycle.

Functional and non-functional requirements are essential parts of defining the product or service.

Stakeholder analysis is crucial for understanding needs and expectations.

Business rules define constraints and conditions that must be met.

164.

A project team is using a prioritization matrix to rank requirements. Which of the following is not a typical criterion used in a prioritization matrix?

  • Technical complexity

  • Business value

  • Urgency

  • Stakeholder satisfaction

Correct answer: Technical complexity

Technical complexity is an important factor to consider during solution design and implementation, but it is not a primary criterion for prioritizing requirements. The focus should be on the value and impact of the requirements for the stakeholders and the business.

Business value is a critical criterion, as it reflects the potential impact of the requirement on achieving the project's business objectives.

Urgency indicates how quickly the requirement needs to be implemented, often driven by deadlines or external factors.

Stakeholder satisfaction considers the importance of the requirement to different stakeholders and their overall satisfaction with the project outcome.

165.

You are reviewing a set of business solution requirements and notice that one requirement states, "The automation dashboard should be user friendly." What is the most significant problem with this requirement?

  • It lacks a specific definition of user friendly

  • It assumes all users have the same level of technical expertise

  • It focuses on user satisfaction rather than system functionality

  • It does not specify the target audience for the system

Correct answer: It lacks a specific definition of user friendly.

The lack of a clear and measurable definition for user friendly requirements is a critical issue. Without such a definition, determining whether a requirement has been met becomes impossible, leading to ambiguity and disagreements among stakeholders. It is essential to establish a precise definition of user friendly to ensure consistency and alignment in the evaluation of requirements.

The assumption that all users have equal technical expertise is problematic, but it's not the most pressing issue. A precise definition of user friendly could accommodate different levels of proficiency.

The requirement also focuses on user satisfaction rather than system functionality and, while user satisfaction is important, it's not the sole issue with this requirement. Functionality and usability are intertwined.

The requirement does not specify the target audience for the system, which is a valid concern, but it is not the most crucial one. The target audience can be defined, but without a clear definition of user friendly, it's still a subjective requirement.

166.

Which of the following is not a typical responsibility of a business analyst during the implementation of a business solution?

  • Deploying the solution to production

  • Developing training materials for end users

  • Configuring and customizing the solution

  • Conducting user acceptance testing

Correct answer: Deploying the solution to production

Solution deployment is typically handled by technical teams, not business analysts.

In the process of creating or refining training materials, business analysts play a significant role.

To ensure that the solution satisfies requirements, business analysts are often asked to provide support.

Business analysts often participate in or facilitate user acceptance testing to validate the solution.

167.

You are creating a use case diagram for a new library management system. What are the primary elements represented in a use case diagram?

  • Actors, use cases, and relationships between them

  • Data entities, attributes, and relationships between them

  • System states, transitions, and triggering events

  • Processes, decision points, and data flows

Correct answer: Actors, use cases, and relationships between them

A use case diagram visually represents the interactions between actors (users or external systems) and use cases (specific actions or functions). It provides a high-level overview of the system's functionality from the user's perspective.

Data entities, attributes, and relationships between them describe a data model, not a use case diagram.

System states, transitions, and triggering events describe a state diagram, not a use case diagram.

Processes, decision points, and data flows describe a data flow diagram or process flow diagram, not a use case diagram.

168.

Which of the following is not a typical component of establishing a solution evaluation approach to determine whether a new business solution’s implementation is successful?

  • Developing a detailed budget 

  • Defining metrics 

  • Identifying stakeholders

  • Creating a plan for collecting and analyzing data

Correct answer: Developing a detailed budget 

The creation of a detailed budget is vital for the overall project but is not directly related to the solution evaluation approach itself, which helps analysts examine whether a business solution is successful upon implementation. 

The following are key parts of the solution evaluation approach:

  • defining metrics to measure the effectiveness of a new business solution provides quantifiable factors to measure whether the endeavor is successful
  • identifying stakeholders ensures that all relevant perspectives are considered in the evaluation
  • having a data collection and analysis plan ensures that the evaluation is structured and evidence-based

169.

Which of the following is not a stakeholder to consider during the needs assessment process?

  • Business competitor

  • Project manager

  • Software developer

  • Company CEO

Correct answer: Business competitor

Competitors may at some point be affected by the business solution, but they aren’t internally affected and have little to no influence during the needs assessment or other phases of business analysis of project management.

Project managers, software developers, and CEOs of a company engaging in business analysis would all be considered stakeholders, as they would be directly affected by the activities and decisions related to the project or business solution.

170.

Which business analysis domain includes activities aimed at assessing and analyzing diverse inputs to craft optimal solutions for business challenges?

  • The Needs Assessment domain

  • The Analysis domain

  • The Traceability and Monitoring domain

  • The Evaluation domain

Correct answer: Needs Assessment domain

The Needs Assessment domain's objectives include defining business problems and opportunities, collecting data to determine value propositions, creating solution scope, and identifying and interviewing stakeholders to provide a foundation for prioritizing project requirements.

The Analysis domain is the framework for defining the requirements process and activities.

The Traceability and Monitoring domain provides guidance for activities related to managing the lifecycle of requirements.

The Evaluation domain quantifies the activities that measure the effectiveness of the output or solution and how well it fulfills the requirements and meets business needs.

171.

Your company’s culture is highly risk averse, and stakeholders are resistant to innovative solutions. How can you address this challenge during business analysis planning?

  • Emphasize the potential benefits and rewards of innovation
     

  • Downplay the risks associated with new approaches

  • Focus on proven, traditional solutions only

  • Bypass stakeholder concerns and proceed with innovative solutions

Correct answer: Emphasize the potential benefits and rewards of innovation

Presenting a balanced view of risks and rewards, highlighting success stories, case studies, and quantifiable benefits will help address stakeholder concerns and encourage them to be more open to innovative ideas and business solutions.

Downplaying risks erodes trust. Stakeholders need to be aware of potential risks to make informed decisions. Ignoring risks can lead to unforeseen problems and project failure.

Holding fast to traditional solutions limits innovation, growth, and competitiveness. Exploring new approaches is crucial for business growth and longevity.

Ignoring stakeholders' concerns and implementing innovative solutions can lead to resistance and resentment. Involving stakeholders and addressing their concerns fosters buy-in and support.

172.

You are developing a risk mitigation plan. Which of the following is not a common risk response strategy?

  • Elimination

  • Avoidance

  • Mitigation 

  • Transfer

Correct answer: Elimination

The objective of risk mitigation is to reduce the reality of risks and their impact, as complete elimination of risk events is rarely possible. Risks are an organic part of any business solution project, and it is impossible to predict and control every risk instance. But, by taking steps to identify, assess, and mitigate risks, companies can significantly reduce their exposure to potential risks which can cause delays, increase project costs or provide avenues for marketing and branding crises.

The following are all typical risk response strategies that can be employed during business analysis planning output:

Risk avoidance entails modifying the project plan in a way that potentially prevents the possibility of a risk occurring.

Mitigation involves proactive measures to diminish the likelihood or severity of a risk.

Transfer responses are akin to insurance, as it involves shifting risk to a third party.

173.

Your team has just completed the requirements analysis phase for a new software product. You've carefully documented all the requirements, including user stories, acceptance criteria, and supporting documentation. 

What is the next crucial step you should take to ensure that the project stays on track and avoids scope creep?

  • Conduct a requirements review session with stakeholders

  • Begin development immediately based on the document requirements

  • Create a detailed project plan outlining the development timeline and resource education

  • Start testing the software based on the document acceptance criteria

Correct answer: Conduct a requirements review session with stakeholders

Meeting with stakeholders to review the requirements and document and address their concerns before obtaining sign-off on the requirements baseline is a critical step in the requirements analysis process. It ensures that all stakeholders have a shared understanding of the project scope and agree on the requirements before development begins. This helps prevent scope creep, misunderstandings, and costly rework later in the project. 

Starting development without sign-off risks building the wrong product or features.

Creating a project plan is important, but it should happen after the requirements are finalized.

Testing should be based on finalized and approved requirements.

174.

While reviewing the business case for a new project, you discover a discrepancy between the stated project goals and the identified stakeholder needs. What should you do first?

  • Conduct further analysis to understand the root cause of the discrepancy

  • Proceed with the project as planned, assuming the business case is accurate

  • Revise the project goals to align with the identified stakeholder needs

  • Escalate the issue to the project sponsor for resolution

Correct answer: Conduct further analysis to understand the root cause of the discrepancy

Before taking any action to address the discrepancy, it is crucial to conduct a thorough and comprehensive analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying causes and contributing factors. Based on the findings of the examination, an appropriate course of action can be developed and implemented to effectively resolve the issue.

Failure to address and resolve discrepancies before proceeding could jeopardize the success of the project.

Altering goals without a thorough comprehension of the underlying problem is ill-advised, as it can result in inefficiencies in project execution.

Though escalation may be needed in the future, more information should be collected first.

175.

During User Acceptance Testing (UAT), a user reports that a new feature in a software application is confusing and difficult to use. What should you do first to analyze the problem? 

  • Gather more feedback from other users to determine the extent of the issue

  • Log the feedback as a defect, and assign it to the development team

  • Recommend a design change to improve the feature's usability

  • Dismiss the feedback as an isolated incident and proceed with the release

Correct answer: Gather more feedback from other users to determine the extent of the issue

Before taking any action, business analysts should always investigate whether the issue is isolated or widespread. This step is crucial to determine the appropriate course of action and allocate resources efficiently.

Logging a defect without a thorough understanding of the issue's full extent can be counterproductive. It is essential to investigate the problem adequately, gather relevant information, and analyze its impact before raising a formal defect. 

Thorough investigations are crucial before making recommendations for project changes. Rushing without understanding the problem can lead to inaccurate solutions, rework, wasted resources, and delays. By conducting investigations, project managers can make informed decisions and ensure successful implementation of changes.

Dismissing feedback is a serious mistake that can have detrimental consequences for businesses. User feedback is invaluable, as it can help work teams identify areas for improvement and make adjustments that will better meet the needs of their users. 

176.

What is the purpose of using capability tables when determining the future state?

  • Identify gaps between current capabilities and desired outcomes

  • Predict future financial capabilities for useful data

  • Create effective marketing strategies while addressing gaps 

  • To only define product roadmap timelines

Correct answer: Identify gaps between current capabilities and desired outcomes

Capability tables help examine and analyze the current abilities of companies and organizations and compare them to their desired objectives, highlighting areas that need refinement or further development to meet the project's or company's business goals.

Predicting future financial capabilities won’t provide useful data, creating marketing strategies without addressing gaps will be ineffective, and defining product roadmap timelines without addressing gaps will be ineffective. 

177.

Which of the following elicitation techniques is ideal for gathering detailed, structured requirements from a large group of stakeholders in a short timeframe?

  • Surveys/questionnaires

  • Brainstorming

  • Focus groups

  • Interviews

Correct answer: Surveys/questionnaires

Surveys and questionnaires facilitate effective data collection from a substantial pool of stakeholders, resulting in organized responses that enhance analysis and comparative processes.

Compared to structured requirements gathering, brainstorming is more efficient for fostering creative and innovative ideas.

Focus group sessions are optimal for facilitating deep conversations, but their efficiency for large-scale participant engagement may be limited and inefficient.

Interviews are ideal for detailed discussions but very time consuming for large groups.

178.

What is a key output of the assess proposed solution task?

  • Decision analysis results

  • Solution scope statement

  • Requirements traceability matrix

  • Vendor assessment report

Correct answer: Decision analysis results

The assess proposed solution task focuses on evaluating solution options. Decision analysis techniques help determine the best fit based on various criteria.

Solution scope statements define the boundaries of the solution but are not a direct output of the assessment process.

Requirements traceability matrices are used to link requirements to test cases and other deliverables, not the outcome of assessing a solution.

Vendor assessment reports assess potential vendors, not the solutions themselves.

179.

You are documenting the requirements for a new online banking system. You need to specify the format and validation rules for a customer's account number. 

Which section of the requirements document would be the most appropriate place to include this information?

  • Data requirements

  • Use case descriptions

  • Interface specifications

  • Non-functional requirements

Correct answer: Data requirements

The data requirements section of a requirements document outlines the specific data elements, their formats, validation rules, and any constraints or business rules associated with them. This is the appropriate place to specify the details of the customer's account number.

Use case descriptions focus on user interactions, not specific data formats.

Interface specifications describe how the user interacts with the system, not the specific data validation rules.

Non-functional requirements describe system qualities like performance or security, not specific data formats.

180.

After deployment of an optimized payroll solution for a tech nonprofit, you’re tasked with evaluating its performance against the business case. Which of the following metrics would be least relevant to this assessment?

  • Defect density of the software

  • Return on investment (ROI)

  • Customer satisfaction ratings

  • Employee turnover rate

Correct answer: Defect density of the software

Defect density is a quality metric that measures the number of defects per unit of product. It is a key metric for assessing the quality of a product and for tracking the effectiveness of quality improvement efforts. However, defect density is not directly tied to the business value proposition outlined in the business case. This is because defect density is a measure of the quality of the product, while the business value proposition is a measure of the value that the product delivers to the customer.

All other choices are relevant to examine factors that are directly tied to the solution’s business case:

  • Return On Investment (ROI) is a key metric for evaluating the financial success of a solution.
  • Customer satisfaction ratings reflect the solution's impact on the end users.
  • Employee turnover rate could be an indirect indicator of the solution's impact on the workforce.
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