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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

ASQ CSSGB Exam Questions

Page 7 of 50

121.

Which root cause analysis tool is used to quantify and prioritize the impacts of causes (X) on effects (Y) through numerical ranking?

  • Cause-and-effect relational matrix

  • Root cause tree

  • Is/Is not comparative analysis

  • Failure mode and effects analysis

Correct answer: Cause-and-effect relational matrix

The cause-and-effect relational matrix is used to quantify and prioritize the impacts of causes (X) on effects (Y) through numerical ranking. The cause-and-effect relational matrix can be used to prioritize the causes identified on the cause-and-effect diagram (fishbone or Ishikawa diagram).

The root cause tree combines the fishbone diagram and the 5 whys methods in order to provide the ability to analyze the interactions among the causes of the issue. Is/Is not comparative analysis is used to compare what is intended to be improved and to refine the analysis in order to pinpoint where the defect source emerged. A failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is used to recognize and evaluate the potential failure of a product and its effects, identify the actions that could eliminate or reduce the occurrence of the potential failure, and document the process.

122.

What does setting an alpha value at 0.05 signify?

  • You will be 95% confident in choosing to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis

  • You will be 5% confident in choosing to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis

  • You will be 95% confident in choosing to accept or not to accept the null hypothesis

  • You will be 5% confident in choosing to accept or not to accept the null hypothesis

Correct answer: You will be 95% confident in choosing to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis

Setting α = 0.05 indicates that you will be 95% confident in choosing to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis. The confidence interval is the uncertainty related to sampling and may also be referred to as the margin of error.

A null hypothesis is never accepted or not accepted; these are incorrect terms. Either it is rejected or it fails to be rejected.

123.

What would you do to determine whether multiple devices are contributing to special cause variation?

  • Create a scatter diagram

  • Create a Pareto chart

  • Perform a FMEA

  • Develop a histogram

Correct answer: Create a scatter diagram

You would create a scatter diagram to determine whether multiple devices are contributing to special cause variation. Creating a scatter diagram and determining the correlation coefficient between measurement systems will determine special cause variation in machinery.

Create a Pareto chart is incorrect because this will only show segments of contribution. Perform a FMEA is incorrect as this will not determine the correlation coefficient. Develop a histogram is incorrect as a histogram will not show the correlation coefficient.

124.

Operating a system at less than its best is called what?

  • Suboptimization

  • Degradation

  • The Cost of Poor Quality

  • Lean pull system

Correct answer: Suboptimization

Operating a system at less than its best is called suboptimization. Changes in a system may optimize individual processes, but suboptimize the system as a whole.

Degradation is a decay in state or performance.

The Cost of Poor Quality is a quality impact metric.

Lean pull systems may or may not have down time, based on demand. However, they may still being operated with high efficiency.

125.

If you wanted to study how a process changes over time what tool would you use?

  • Control chart

  • Gantt chart

  • FMEA

  • Storyboard

Correct answer: Control chart

If you wanted to study how a process changes over time, you would use a control chart. Control charts compare current data to historical control limits to determine process verification. Control charts use variable data or attribute data. Variable data is continuous such as time, distance, and temperature. Attribute data can be counted and does not contain fractions and decimals such as yes/no, success/failure, and correct/not correct.

Gantt chart is incorrect because it shows a project timeline.

FMEA is incorrect because it shows failure modes.

A storyboard is used to show differences in a process between a current state and a future state.

126.

Equipment is available for 1,600 hours, except for 200 hours due to downtime. The cycle time for a unit is 0.5 hours per unit for a quantity of 2,000 units at an operating time of 1,200 hours. The yield quantity is 2,100 units with 1,950 acceptable units. What is the OEE?

  • 68%

  • 75%

  • 40%

  • 79%

Correct answer: 68%

To calculate overall equipment effectiveness, calculate the availability first. Available hours = 1,600, and downtime = 200, so availability = (1,600 – 200)/1,600 = 88%.

Performance efficiency: Cycle time/unit = 0.5 hours, quantity = 2,000 units, and operating time = 1,200 hours. Performance efficiency = (0.5 x 2,000)/1,200 = 0.83

Quality output: Quantity = 2,100 units, and acceptable units = 1,950 units. Rate of quality output = (1,950/2,100) = 93%

OEE = 0.88 x 0.83 x 0.93 = 0.68 = 68%

127.

Which choice is unlikely to be a good use of a SIPOC?

  • Identifying waste in processes

  • Explaining business processes

  • Improving processes

  • Conceptualizing new processes

Correct answer: Identifying waste in processes

The SIPOC components are Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers. The SIPOC diagram visually shows the linkages between the inputs and outputs of a process and how they link suppliers and customers. The SIPOC diagram can be used to greatly improve the design of processes, explain business processes, and conceptualize new processes. Its simplicity makes it one of the most used tools for understanding process components and relevance.

However, it is not the best use of a SIPOC to identify waste in processes. That is better left to a value stream map, which is ideally suited for this task.

 

128.

In a visual factory, which of the following lean tools would not apply?

  • Hoshin Kanri

  • Andon

  • Kanban

  • 5S

Correct answer: Hoshin Kanri

Hoshin Kanri is not part of a visual factory, as it is a policy practice to align the strategy of a company with the way middle management works and how the operations floor performs the work.

Andon is a visual display—typically red, yellow, and green lights at the work site—showing the status of production. Kanban is also a visual system using cards to show replenishment quantity as a minimum level is achieved. 5S is a visual system whose results can be seen once implemented at workstations.

129.

Which of the following is not incorporated into the matrix or critical path of a basic dynamic control plan?

  • Control charts

  • Team structure

  • Illustrations and instructions

  • Prelaunch or preliminary controls

Correct answer: Control charts

A dynamic control plan includes many items, such as a DCP launch, the team structure, a question log, support information, process failure mode and effects analysis, a control plan, illustrations and instructions, and implementation and maintenance. It does not include control charts.

130.

Which management theory proposed there was one best way to perform a task to increase productivity?

  • Scientific management

  • Classic organizational theory

  • Situational leadership

  • Top-down management

Correct answer: Scientific management

Scientific management, emphasized by Frederick Taylor, focuses on finding one right way to perform a task. He broke down a job into small tasks to study them and find more efficient ways of doing them.  

Classic organizational theory relates to larger organizations. Henri Fayol created 14 principles of management, including a way to subdivide power and authority into reporting relationships. Situational leadership is based on Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard’s book Situational Leadership and helps leaders apply the right amount of leadership to their team as they progress through maturity levels. In top-down management, the leadership team seeks to control all decisions. 

131.

You are testing whether the variances of two or more populations are equal. Which test would you use?

  • F-distribution

  • t-distribution

  • Chi-square distribution

  • Poisson distribution

Correct answer: F-distribution

The F-distribution is used for the analysis of variance, or ANOVA, to determine whether the variances of two or more populations are equal.

The t-distribution is used to determine the means of two or more groups. The chi-square distribution is used to test proportionality. The Poisson distribution is applied when the data occur at random intervals.

132.

What are two main elements that should be included in the results portion of the charter?

  • Baseline measures and improvement expectations

  • Baseline measures and measurement system ability

  • Improvement expectations and goals

  • Budget vs expense

Correct answer: Baseline measures and improvement expectations

The results section of the charter defines the criteria and metrics for project success, including the baseline (current state) measures and improvement expectations.

Baseline measures and measurement system ability is wrong because it doesn't include expectations of success. Improvement expectations and goals is wrong because it doesn't call out the current state or baseline. Budget vs expense is wrong because it doesn't include process or product baseline and expected process or product improvement.

133.

Carl is generating a chart with clickable links that provide increasing levels of detail. What is the proper term for this chart?

  • Tree Diagram

  • Project Roadmap

  • Fishbone Diagram

  • Work Breakdown Structure

Correct answer: Tree Diagram

Carl is creating a Tree Diagram, which is intended to provide increasing levels of detail and information with each successive level. Carl's version is digitized in order to maximize the opportunity to provide this level of information granularity.

A Project  Roadmap provides a visualization of high level project milestones along a timeline.

Fishbone Diagram is a visual display of potential causes of an identified problem.

A Work Breakdown Structure is a hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team.

134.

Which of the following is not one of the multiple levels of improvement in Kaizen?

  • Part-to-part Kaizen

  • Individual Kaizen

  • Work teams Kaizen

  • Process Kaizen

Correct answer: Part-to-part Kaizen

There are multiple levels of improvement in Kaizen, including individual (point Kaizen), work teams (mini Kaizen), flow Kaizen, process Kaizen, and supply chain Kaizen. There is not a part-to-part Kaizen.

135.

Which negative team dynamic is indicated by a symptom where the remaining members of the team are always in listening mode rather than participating in the discussion?

  • Overbearing members

  • Dominant members

  • Floundering

  • Reluctant participants

Correct answer: Overbearing members

Overbearing members is a negative team dynamic where the majority of the team is in listening mode rather than participating; this may be caused because the team is composed of influential members with legitimate authority. The team leader can often counteract overbearing members by placing them on an extended team, using round-robin for voicing opinions, or conducting meetings in an informal fashion.

Dominant members would be symptomatic of chaotic discussions. Floundering would be symptomatic of the team proceeding in an unsteady manner. Reluctant participants shows a lack of participation or disinterest.

136.

A prioritization matrix helps a green belt choose between options. Who determines the criteria used to measure the options?

  • The project team

  • The subject matter expert

  • The customer

  • The manager

Correct answer: The project team

When using a prioritization matrix, the project team determines, by consensus, the measurement criteria used to evaluate the options and their relative importance.

The subject matter expert are part of the team, but the decision of which criteria to use is made by the group and not by one or two of its members. The customer's input is important at several points during a project, but their opinion alone will not establish the measurement criteria to evaluate options. The manager is also part of the project team, but the team needs to agree on the criteria they will use.

137.

Which of the following is true about confidence intervals of the mean versus confidence intervals of the standard deviation?

  • For the mean they are symmetrical about the average, for the standard deviation they are not symmetrical about the average

  • For the mean they are not symmetrical about the average, for the standard deviation they are symmetrical about the average

  • For the mean they are not symmetrical about the average, for the standard deviation they begin at zero

  • For the mean they are not symmetrical about the average, for the standard deviation they are symmetrical about the median

Correct answer: For the mean they are symmetrical about the average, for the standard deviation they are not symmetrical about the average

Confidence intervals for the mean are symmetrical about the average. This is not true for the variance, since it is based on the chi-square distribution. The other answer choices are wrong because they are not true about the relationship of confidence intervals of the mean vs. confidence intervals of the standard deviation.

138.

Which type of chart is developed using data reported from a process output in small subgroups of two to five sequential items?

  • Variables chart

  • Attributes chart

  • Median control chart

  • np control chart

Correct answer: Variables chart

Data reported from a process output in small subgroups of two to five sequential items is used to develop a variables chart. Examples of variables charts are X-bar and R; and X-bar and s charts.

Attributes charts have larger subgroup sizes of 50 to 200.

Median control charts plot the median of the sample, not the average, and are used when outliers are expected.

An np control chart is for attribute data and measures the number of rejected items in a sample.

139.

The distribution of averages tends to be normal even when the distribution of the averages are computed is from a non-normal distribution. What is this concept is known as?

  • Central limit theorem

  • Sampling distribution of the mean

  • Chi-squared

  • Six Sigma Body of Knowledge

Correct answer: Central limit theorem

The central limit theorem shows averages tend to be normal even when the distribution from the average are computed is from a non-normal distribution. The central limit theorem is key for statistical process control and mathematically shows as a sample size increases, the sample mean approaches a normal distribution.

Sampling distribution of the mean is incorrect because it does not explain the normal distribution concept. Chi-squared and Six Sigma Body of Knowledge are incorrect as they do not deal with central limit or sampling distribution of means.

140.

Which chart plots the number of defects in a sample?

  • c-chart

  • u-chart

  • np-chart

  • p-chart

Correct answer: c-chart

The c-chart uses attribute data presented as a count and requires a constant sample or subgroup size. It measures the number of defects within a sample.  

In a u-chart, the data is presented as a count. The np-chart and p-chart present the data as a percentage.

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