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Quiz Session - Attempts With Random Questions

FSBPT NPTE-PTA Exam Questions

Page 9 of 50

161.

A PTA is working with a patient who suffered a stroke affecting her left side. When her left arm is flexed, her left leg flexes involuntarily. Which of the following BEST explains this phenomenon?

  • Homolateral limb synkinesis

  • Ramiste's phenomenon

  • Spasticity

  • Rigidity

Correct answer: Homolateral limb synkinesis

Homolateral limb synkinesis refers to flexion of the affected upper extremity causing flexion of the affected lower extremity.

Ramiste's phenomenon refers to abduction or adduction of the unaffected lower extremity leading to the same movement on the contralateral lower extremity. Spasticity is velocity-dependent high tone. Rigidity is velocity-independent high tone.

162.

Which of the following options is a normal sodium serum level in a healthy patient?

  • 141 mEq/L

  • 130 mEq/L

  • 122 mEq/L

  • 160 mEq/L

Correct answer: 141 mEq/L

A normal sodium serum level ranges from 135-146 mEq/L. 141 mEq/L is within this range.

130 mEq/L, 122 mEq/L, and 160 mEq/L are all outside the normal range.

163.

When a patient has compensated heart failure, the heart returns to functional status with reduced cardiac output and exercise tolerance. Control is achieved through many mechanisms.

What is one of those mechanisms?

  • Cardiac dilation

  • Arterial vasodilation

  • Aerobic metabolism

  • LA hypertrophy

Correct answer: Cardiac dilation

When a patient has compensated heart failure, the heart returns to functional status with reduced cardiac output and exercise tolerance. Control is achieved through many mechanisms, including cardiac dilation. 

Other mechanisms of achieving control include:

  • Arterial vasoconstriction
  • Anaerobic metabolism
  • LV hypertrophy
  • SNS stimulation
  • Medical therapy

164.

A physical therapist assistant is teaching a patient to descend a curb using a large-based quad cane. The patient has weakness noted in the right quadriceps, which limits walking stability.

What is the appropriate sequencing for descending the curb?

  • Hold cane on the left side, lead with right lower extremity

  • Hold cane on the left side, lead with left lower extremity

  • Hold cane on the right side, lead with left lower extremity

  • Hold cane on the right side, lead with right lower extremity

Correct answer: Hold cane on the left side, lead with right lower extremity 

When teaching a patient to descend a curb using a cane, the PTA should teach proper sequencing. The patient should descend in the following pattern: cane, accompanied or immediately followed by the involved extremity (right leg), and then the uninvolved extremity (left leg). The cane should be held in the hand opposite to the involved extremity.

When ascending a curb, the patient should first move the uninvolved extremity, followed by the cane and the involved extremity together.

165.

Which of the following gastrointestinal structures is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

  • Appendix

  • Descending colon

  • Small intestine

  • Ureter

Correct answer: Appendix

The appendix is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. 

The gastrointestinal structures located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen include a large portion of the small intestine, the descending colon, the left ureter, left ovary (in women), and the left spermatic cord (in men).

166.

A physical therapist assistant is working with a patient who is rated at level IV on the Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Function (LOCF) scale. Which of the following activities is appropriate?

  • Task-specific training

  • Prevent development of decubitus ulcers

  • Prepare patient for community reentry

  • Improve postural control, symmetry, and balance

Correct answer: Task-specific training

When working with a patient rated at level IV on the Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Function (LOCF) scale, it is appropriate for the physical therapist assistant to provide task-specific training.

When working with a patient rated between levels I-III on the LOCF scale, it is appropriate for the physical therapist assistant to prevent the development of decubitus ulcers. When working with a patient rated between levels VII-VIII on the LOCF scale, it is appropriate for the physical therapist assistant to help the patient improve postural control, symmetry, and balance, and to prepare them for community reentry.

The LOCF outlines the sequence of cognitive and behavioral recovery from a traumatic brain injury. Typically, patients progress through each of the eight levels in sequence and can plateau at any point. The levels are as follows: 

  • Level I: No response. The patient appears asleep and does not react to external stimuli.
  • Level II: Generalized response. The patient reacts to external stimuli in a nonspecific and inconsistent manner with limited responses.
  • Level III: Localized response. The patient responds to stimuli specifically and inconsistently, but may follow simple commands.
  • Level IV: Confused-agitated. The patient exhibits bizarre, incoherent, or inappropriate behaviors, has no short-term recall, and limited attention.
  • Level V: Confused-inappropriate. The patient gives random, fragmented, and nonpurposeful responses to complex stimuli. Simple commands are followed consistently, memory and selective intention are impaired, and new information is not retained.
  • Level VI: Confused-appropriate. The patient gives context-appropriate responses, and is dependent upon external input for direction. There is carry-over for relearned but not new tasks, and recent memory problems persist.
  • Level VII: Automatic-appropriate. The patient behaves appropriately in familiar settings, performs daily routines, and shows carry-over for new learning at a lower than normal rate. They initiate social interaction but exhibit impaired judgement.
  • Level VIII: Purposeful and appropriate. The patient is oriented and responds to the environment. Their abstract reasoning abilities are decreased relative to premorbid levels.

167.

A PTA is working with a patient who suffered a cerebellar stroke. Which of the following would the patient be LEAST likely to display as a result of this condition?

  • Altered consciousness

  • Ataxia

  • Intention tremor

  • Dysdiadochokinesia

Correct answer: Altered consciousness

Damage to the cerebellar region can lead to balance and coordination issues such as ataxia, intention tremor, and dysdiadochokinesia. 

Altered consciousness would be more likely with damage to the brainstem.

168.

A patient has been recently diagnosed with early-stage arteriosclerosis. Which of the following might the patient exhibit during exercise sessions?

  • Intermittent claudication

  • Ischemia

  • Pain at rest

  • Trophic changes

Correct answer: Intermittent claudication

Early on, patients with arteriosclerosis may demonstrate intermittent claudication as a key symptom. Later on in the disease process, they may present with ischemia, pain at rest, and trophic changes.

169.

A vendor comes into your PT clinic, touting a new diagnostic product for rotator cuff tears. He claims that patients and PTs alike love his product and states, "It looks like it works, and therefore, it works." 

This MOST nearly resembles what form of validity?

  • Face validity

  • Internal validity

  • Content validity

  • External validity

Correct answer: Face validity

Face validity is a poor form of validity in which the product, testing instrument, etc. are believed to be accurate/effective because of how they appear.

Internal validity refers to the magnitude of difference seen in the dependent variable as a result of the intervention or test. Content validity refers to the ability of an instrument to gather data in a particular content area. External validity refers to how well the results of a study can be generalized to a broader context/population.

170.

You perform a Dix-Hallpike exam on a patient for BPPV and note that the patient has down-beating nystagmus when tested on the right. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action in this scenario?

  • Refer the patient for further medical examination/imaging

  • Perform the Epley maneuver or another canalith repositioning maneuver

  • Perform the test on the other side to compare

  • Have the patient sit up for a few minutes, then retest

Correct answer: Refer the patient for further medical examination/imaging

Down-beating nystagmus is generally a cause for concern as it may involve the central nervous system. This patient should be referred out for further testing.

171.

A PT is auscultating a patient's heart and lungs. Which of the following is NOT a common landmark for auscultation of the heart?

  • Circumflex artery

  • Pulmonic valve

  • Tricuspid valve

  • Aortic valve

Correct answer: Circumflex artery

The coronary arteries and cardiac veins are difficult to auscultate and are not common landmarks for auscultation by PTs. However, the valves of the heart are common sites for auscultation.

172.

During open chain knee flexion, which of the following BEST describes the arthokinematics?

  • The roll and glide are in the same direction

  • The roll and glide are in opposite directions 

  • The roll and glide start in the same direction, then move in opposite directions

  • The roll and glide start in opposite directions, then move in the same direction 

Correct answer: The roll and glide are in the same direction

When the concave tibia moves on the convex femur, the roll and glide will be in the same direction. During closed chain knee flexion, the opposite is true. 

173.

Which structure(s) are amputated in a hemicorporectomy?

  • Both lower limbs and the pelvis below L4, L5 level

  • The entire lower limb and the lower half of the pelvis

  • The entire lower limb, preserving the pelvis

  • The entire lower limb and the ipsilateral half of the pelvis

Correct answer: Both lower limbs and the pelvis below L4, L5 level

In a hemicorporectomy (also known as a translumbar amputation), both lower limbs are amputated, along with the pelvis below the level of L4, L5. 

In a hemipelvectomy, the entire lower limb and the lower half of the pelvis are amputated. In a hip disarticulation, the entire lower limb is amputated and the pelvis is preserved. The amputation of the entire lower limb and the ipsilateral half of the pelvis is not a typical procedure.

174.

A PTA wants to determine a client's maximum heart rate in order to design an effective cardiorespiratory program for him. If the patient is 65, what would the client's age-adjusted max heart rate be estimated to be?

  • 155 bpm

  • 140 bpm

  • 130 bpm

  • 175 bpm

Correct answer: 155 bpm

To quickly estimate max heart rate, the clinician can simply subtract the patient's age in years from 220. This will give a rough estimate of the patient's heart rate, which is considered a nonmodifiable factor based on age.

175.

Diabetes mellitus can cause a number of serious complications. What is an example of a MACROVASCULAR disease that can occur as a result of diabetes?

  • Stroke

  • GERD

  • Delayed response to hypoglycemia

  • Resting tachycardia

Correct answer: Stroke

Stroke (CVA) can occur as a complication of diabetes mellitus. CVAs are an example of macrovascular disease.

GERD, delayed response to hypoglycemia, and resting tachycardia can be caused by diabetic autonomic neuropathy. 

176.

A patient is being considered for a cardiac rehab program. Which of the following is a contraindication for this patient's participation in the program?

  • Resting BP of 180/115 mmHg

  • Stable angina

  • Cardiomyopathy

  • End-stage kidney disease

Correct answer: Resting BP of 180/115 mmHg

A resting BP with a systolic measurement > 200 mmHg and/or a diastolic measurement > 110 mmHg is a contraindication for a patient to participate in cardiac rehab. 

Stable angina, cardiomyopathy, and end-stage kidney disease are all indications.

177.

A patient is descending a very steep ramp with a manual wheelchair. Which of the following is an appropriate way for this patient to navigate the ramp?

  • Wheelie position

  • Forward lean

  • Lean toward strong side of body

  • Lean toward weak side of body

Correct answer: Wheelie position

When descending a steep ramp, patients should be taught how to perform a wheelie while descending said ramp. Depending on the steepness, they may be able to simply control the speed of the chair with a loose grip on the wheels. But on very steep ramps, their weight needs to be shifted back further into a wheelie position so that they don't fall forward.

178.

In research, which of the following is the function of an IRB?

  • To determine if the study is ethically appropriate

  • To determine whether funds should be allocated for the study

  • To determine whether a study is worthy of a grant

  • To run the study itself with as little bias as possible

Correct answer: To determine if the study is ethically appropriate

An IRB, or institutional review board, is responsible for making sure that studies are ethical and appropriately designed so as not to take advantage of or harm subjects.

Private and public groups determine whether or not studies should be funded or given grants. Running the study falls on the researchers themselves.

179.

Use the following scenario to answer this question.

Which of the following is TRUE of the patient’s C-reactive protein value?

  • This indicates normal levels of this protein

  • This indicates inflammation

  • This indicates infection

  • This is a higher than average value

Correct answer: This indicates normal levels of this protein

C-reactive protein, to be at normal levels, should be less than 10 mg/L. Since this patient's level was 8mg/L, this is considered normal. Higher levels are associated with inflammation and/or infection.

180.

Which metabolic hormone is released by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets?

  • Glucagon

  • Insulin

  • Amylin

  • Somatostatin

Correct answer: Glucagon

Glucagon stimulates hepatic glucose production to raise glucose levels, especially when in a fasting state. It is secreted by the alpha cells.

Somatostatin is secreted by the delta cells and acts locally to depress secretion of both insulin and glycogen and decreases the motility, secretion, and absorption of the gastrointestinal tract. Amylin is secreted by the beta cells and modulates the rate of nutrient delivery (gastric emptying) and suppresses the release of glucagon. Insulin is secreted by the beta cells and allows the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream and suppresses hepatic glucose production, lowering plasma glucose levels. 

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